University was originally Article 42 of the Book of Rites. In the Song Dynasty, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brothers took them out of the Book of Rites and compiled chapters and sentences. Zhu named The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius as four books. Since then, The University has become a Confucian classic. As for the author of Da Xue, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi thought it was "Kong's last words". Zhu rearranged The University, which was divided into one chapter of Jing and ten chapters of Biography. That "the words of Confucius, cover a chapter, Ceng Zi said; The tenth chapter is the meaning of Ceng Zi, and the master remembers it. " In other words, "Jing" is the words of Confucius and recorded by Ceng Zi; "Biography" is the interpretation of "Jing", which is recorded by students.

There are two versions of Da Xue: one is Da Sentence compiled by Zhu; First, the ancient books arranged in the original order, that is, the original "university" in the Book of Rites. Zhu's "University Chapters and Sentences" is the most widely circulated and influential, and this paper adopts "University Chapters and Sentences".

"University" is a "primary school", that is to say, it is not a "primary school" that talks about "detailed exegesis and clear sentence reading", but a "university" that talks about running the country and keeping the country safe. "University" is an adult's study.

"University" is "the gateway for beginners to enter Germany". After the first chapter, three programs are put forward, namely, to be moral, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection, and eight items are put forward, namely, to be realistic, sincere, upright, cultivate one's morality, keep the family in order, run the country and level the world. Eight items are the way to realize the three programs. Of the eight items, self-cultivation is fundamental. "From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, it is based on self-cultivation". Chapter 10 makes it clear that morality, new people, perfection, perfection, knowledge, honesty, honesty, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order and governing the country. Mingmingde refers to advocating aboveboard morality. Xinmin means to make people start over and re-plan. To stop at perfection means to reach the best condition. Putting the cart before the horse means to prioritize things and get to the bottom of it. Knowing knowledge by studying things means acquiring knowledge by studying the principles of things. Sincerity means "don't deceive yourself", and don't "cover up its shortcomings and concentrate its advantages". Righteousness is to correct one's mentality. Self-cultivation means strengthening self-cultivation and improving self-quality. To put your family in order is to manage your family and family. Governing the country and leveling the world is about governing the country. How to govern the country? First of all, we must set an example; Don't give others what you hate; Get a lot of people, be cautious, make money and raise talents. "if you get more people, you will get the country, and if you lose more people, you will lose the country"; "People with virtue, people with soil, and people with soil have money"; If you see a sage, you can raise it, and you can raise it first.

The content of "university"

Title: University Author: Unknown (according to legend, he was a disciple of Confucius and participated in it)

famous book

The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection.

Zhi Zhi can then decide, decide then be quiet, be quiet then be safe, be safe then care, care and get it.

Things start and end, and things end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.

If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, govern the country first. Those who want to govern their country must first get married, and those who want to get married,

Fix his body first. If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first. If you want to be right, be sincere first. To be sincere, you must be sincere first.

Its knowledge. Knowledge exists in things.

Then things are known, knowledge is then sincere, sincere and then correct, the right mind is then repaired, and the body is then repaired.

Qi, family qi and then rule the country, rule the country and then level the world.

From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is to cultivate one's morality.

If it goes wrong in the end, it can't be cured. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing.

This is called knowing it, and this is called knowing it.

get through

The so-called sincere person is not deceiving himself. If it stinks, if it's lewd, it's called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious.

It is unique. Villains are not good at fooling around and can do anything. When you meet a gentleman, he will be disgusted, cover up his bad, and focus on his good.

It is no good for a person to see himself if he sees his lungs and liver. This is called sincerity in the middle, tangible outside, and a gentleman must be cautious and independent.

Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!" Rich house, virtuous body, broad mind and obesity, so you

The son will be sincere.

"Poetry" said: "Look at him and he will be happy. There are Fijian gentlemen, such as cutting, cutting, and grinding the west.

Hey hey hey. If you have a gentleman, you must not quarrel! ""such as cutting such as measures ",Taoism also.

Those who "sharpen their knives and don't miss the woodcutter" practice self-study. People who are "sad" are also embarrassed. "He Xuan", Wei.

Yoshiya "has a gentleman, so don't make noise." Virtue is the best, and the people can't forget it.

"Poetry" said: "In the play, the former king never forgets!" A gentleman is virtuous, while a villain is selfish.

Lee, this will never be forgotten.

Gao Kang said, "Kemingde." "Everyone" said: "The life of Grain Rain." "Emperor Canon" yue:

"Keming Junde." It goes without saying.

Pan Ming of Tang Zhi said, "If you are new, you will be new, and you will be new." Gao Kang said, "Be a new citizen."

The poem reads: "Although Zhou is an old country, his life has changed." Therefore, a gentleman does his best.

"Poetry" says: "The country is a thousand miles away, and the people stop." The poem says, "A wild yellow bird stops at the corner of the mountain."

Confucius said, "When you stop, you know what you have stopped. Can people be worse than birds? " "Poetry" said: "King Mumuwen, Yu Ji.

Xi stopped! "A gentleman stops at benevolence; Being a minister ends with respect; Being a son stops at filial piety; Being a father stops at

Kindness; Making friends with China people ends with letters.

Confucius said, "When I heard the lawsuit, I was still alone. It will not file a lawsuit! " A heartless person must not try his best. Very afraid of people's wishes,

This is called knowing it. "

The so-called self-cultivation is in mindfulness, and it is wrong to be angry and afraid.

If you have fun, you can't be right. You can't be right if you are worried. Absent-minded, blind, deaf

Smell and eat without knowing its taste. This is called cultivating one's mind.

The so-called self-cultivation people, everyone loves, humble and evil, each in his place.

Fear and respect the monarch, pity and respect the monarch, and be lazy. Therefore, we know the evil when we are good and the evil when we are evil.

Beauty, the world is fresh. Therefore, there is a saying: "People don't know the evil of children, and people don't know the size of seedlings." It's called body.

You cannot repair your family.

The so-called rule of the country must be family-oriented, and there is no truth that the family can not teach others. So gentlemen don't become monks.

Teach the country. Filial piety, so things are also jun; Brother, so the matter is long; Yeah, that's why Gong Ye. Kang Peng

Yue: "If you protect your son." Sincerely ask for it, although it is not far. So are those who haven't learned to adopt children before getting married. Family love,

A country that revives benevolence; A letter, a goodsky letter; One person is greedy, one country is chaotic: this is the opportunity. It's a matter of words,

One man rules this country. Yao Heshun is handsome, benevolent people are the world, and the people follow it. Jie He leads the world to violence, while people follow it. Suo Qi

It's the opposite, but the people don't follow. Therefore, if a gentleman has himself, he will ask others, and if he does not have himself, he will not be others. hide

Not angry, but can describe people, not. So the rule of the country lies in its own home. The poem says, "Peach flies away,

This is Ye Zhenzhen. The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony. "Suitable for his family, and then you can teach people." "Poetry" cloud:

"Xiong Yi Yidi." You should be brothers and younger brothers, and then you can teach the people. "Poetry" said: "It's just four countries."

Father-son law, then civil law. This means that the rule of a country lies in its own home.

The so-called people who rule the country by leveling the world are always filial, filial and compassionate.

Second, a moment is also a gentleman's way.

Evil is above, not below, evil is below, not above; Evil is ahead, not behind; dislike

After that, do not use the past; Right evil, not left; If you are left evil, don't give it to right evil; This is the so-called moment.

Tao.

"Poetry" says: "Only the gentleman is happy, but the parents of the people are also happy." What the people do is good, and what the people hate is evil.

People's parents. "Poetry" says: "Nanyue is hard to see, but rocks are hard to see. Hehe, Teacher Yin, the people have a vision. " You Guo

We can't be careless, we will make the world successful. "Poetry" says: "Yin has a clear conscience without losing his teacher. In view of this fact

Yin, it's not easy to die. "If you get the word, you will get the country; If you lose this word, you will lose this country.

Therefore, a gentleman must first be cautious. There are virtues, people, soil, soil, money and money.

Virtue is the foundation and wealth is the goal. Outside, fighting for the people. Therefore, if you gather wealth, the people will disperse, and if you scatter wealth, the people will gather. be

So people who say contradictions will also enter; Goods that go in illegally will also go out illegally.

Gao Kang said: "Only life is not constant." If it is good, you will get it, if it is not good, you will lose it.

The Book of Chu said: "Chu has no treasure, but is good at it." My uncle said, "A dead man has no treasure,

Kindness is precious. "

"Qin Shi" said: "If I have no other skills, my heart will rest. mankind

Have the ability, if any; People are saints, and their hearts are good, just like their mouths. In order to ensure it, we can tolerate it.

My son, CoCo Lee, is still beneficial! People have the ability to hate evil; The people's Yan Sheng, on the contrary, can't lift it.

Tong: I really can't stand it, so I can't protect my children and grandchildren. This is also called danger! "Benevolent people let it go, and the four are easy to blend.

Not with China. This means that only the benevolent can love and be wicked. Seeing the sages and not lifting them, lifting them without first, life is also;

If you see something bad, you can't back down. If you back down, you can't go far. What good people hate and what bad people like are the nature of teasing others.

I will catch my husband. Therefore, a gentleman has a way, and he gains it with loyalty and loses it with arrogance.

There are avenues to make money, many people are born, few people eat, and those who use it are sick, so wealth is enough. mercy

Those who make a fortune make a fortune, and those who are unkind make a fortune. He who goes down without mercy is not just, and his career will not end without mercy.

People without treasury wealth are not their wealth. Meng Xianzi said, "Cows and horses can't see chickens and dolphins, and the house where ice is shaved has no livestock."

Cattle and sheep, hundreds, non-livestock ministers. A thief is better than a minister who collects money. "This refers to countries that are not for profit.

Interests, taking righteousness as benefits. To serve the country, those who spend money must be small. He is good, and the ambassador of the villain is the country.

Injury followed. Although there are good people, none of them are good! This means that the country does not benefit from profit, but also benefits from righteousness.

Translation of The University

The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people innovate and reach the most perfect state. Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end. Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things. In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; If you want to manage your country well, you must first manage your family and family; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything. Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we manage the family and family well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only by governing the country well can the world be peaceful.

From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented. If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. You can't put the cart before the horse, and you want to do a good job regardless of priorities!

This is called grasping the root, and this is called the apex of knowledge.

Making your heart sincere means not deceiving yourself. Just as you hate rancid smells, you should love beautiful women, and everything comes from the heart. Therefore, people with high moral character must be cautious even when they are alone. People with low moral character do evil in private, but when they see people with high moral character, they hide their evil deeds and brag about them. As we all know, others see themselves as clearly as you see your heart, lungs and liver. What's the use of covering it up? This is called inner truth, and it will definitely show up externally. Therefore, people with high moral character must be cautious even when they are alone.

Ceng Zi said, "Isn't it scary to watch with ten eyes and point with ten fingers?" ? ! "

Wealth can decorate the house, but morality can cultivate the body and mind, make the mind broad and healthy in Shu Tai. Therefore, people with high moral character must make their ideas sincere.

The Book of Songs says: "Look at the curved bank of the water, with lush green bamboo. There is a gentle gentleman who studies knowledge, such as adding bone tools, and constantly learns from each other; Self-cultivation is like polishing beautiful jade and pondering it over and over again. He is solemn, cheerful and handsome. Such a gentle gentleman is really unforgettable! " Here, "learning from each other like a bone tool" refers to the attitude of learning; Here, "polishing beautiful jade, pondering repeatedly" refers to the spirit of self-cultivation; To say that he is "solemn and cheerful" means that he is cautious and timid; To say that he is "handsome" means that he is dignified; He said, "Such a gentle gentleman is unforgettable!" "It means that his moral character is very noble and has reached the most perfect state, so it is unforgettable. The Book of Songs says, "Ah, the kings of the previous generation are really unforgettable! "This is because the monarchs and nobles can follow the example of the previous generation of kings, and they are close to their loved ones, and ordinary people are also blessed, enjoy and benefit. Therefore, although the former kings have all passed away, people will never forget them.

"Gao Kang" said: "It can carry forward the bright character." "Tai Jia" said: "I don't forget the nature of this light." Yao Dian said: "It can carry forward lofty morality." These are all to promote their aboveboard character.

The motto of King Shang Tang carved on the bathtub is: "If you can update it every day, you should keep updating it every day." Kang's Patent said: "Encourage people to discard the old and adopt the new. The Book of Songs said: "Although the Zhou Dynasty was an ancient country, it was endowed with a new destiny. "So, people with high moral character have nowhere to pursue perfection.

The Book of Songs says: "The capital and its surroundings are places that people yearn for." The Book of Songs also said: "The yellow bird is called Mianman and lives on the mountain." Confucius said, "Even the yellow bird knows where it should live. Can people be inferior to a bird? " The Book of Songs says: "A king of letters with noble character is aboveboard and always cautious." To be a monarch, be kind; To be a courtier, be respectful; Children should be filial; Father should be kind; When dealing with people, you should keep your word.

Confucius said: "I, like others, listen to the lawsuit in order to try the case and prevent it from happening again." Call for grasping the root, so that people who hide the real situation dare not say sweet words, which makes people fear.

It is said that to cultivate self-cultivation, we must first correct our mentality, because anger can't correct our mentality; With fear, it is impossible to be right; With preference, it is impossible to be correct; You can't be right if you have concerns.

A bad heart is like a heart that is not on you: although you are looking, you don't seem to see it; Although listening, I don't seem to hear it; Although I am eating, I don't know what it tastes like. Therefore, to cultivate self-cultivation, we must first correct our mentality.

The reason why we should cultivate ourselves before running a family and family is because people have a preference for their loved ones; There will be partial hatred for people you hate; Be biased against those who are afraid of themselves; Will be biased against those who sympathize with themselves; You will be prejudiced against people you despise. So few people can love a person and see his shortcomings, and hate a person to see his advantages. Therefore, there is a proverb: "No one knows the bad of his children, and no one is satisfied with the good of his crops." This is why you can't manage your family and family well without self-cultivation.

The reason why we should first manage our own family and clan is that there is no one who can manage others without managing their own family. Therefore, educated people are educated in governing the country at home: filial piety can be used to serve the monarch; Respecting the elderly can be used as an official; Good for children can be used to rule the people.

Kang Hao said: "It's like taking care of a baby." Sincere pursuit, even if you can't reach your goal, it won't be too far away. You know, people who learn to raise children before they get married!

A family is kind, and a country will be kind; A United country will unite; When a person is greedy and violent, a country will be in chaos. Its connection is so close, as the saying goes: a word will be bad, and one person will rule the country.

Yao and Shun ruled the world with benevolence, and the people obeyed it. Jie fights violence with violence, and the people follow it. The ruler's order is contrary to his own actual practice, and the common people will not obey it. Therefore, sages always do it first. Then ask others to do it; Don't do it yourself first and then ask others not to do it. It is impossible not to let others do whatever they want without this forgiveness. Therefore, to govern the country, we must first manage our own family and family.

The Book of Songs says: "Peach blossoms are delicious and have dense leaves. The girl got married and brought the whole family together. " Let the whole family live in harmony, and then the people of a country can live in harmony. The Book of Songs says, "Brothers live in harmony." Brothers live in harmony, and then people in a country can live in harmony. The Book of Songs said: "The appearance and behavior are solemn and serious, which is an example for the four countries." Only when a person is worthy of being imitated as a father, son, brother or younger brother will people imitate him. This is the truth that governing the country must first govern the family and govern the family.

The team said that if we want to pacify the world, we must govern the country well, because the superior people respect the elderly, the ordinary people will be filial to their parents, the superior people respect their elders, and the ordinary people will respect their brothers; People in the upper class sympathize with orphans, and ordinary people will follow suit. Therefore, people with high moral character always lead by example and push themselves and others' "way of being human".

If you hate a certain behavior of your boss, don't treat your subordinates with this behavior; If you hate a certain behavior of subordinates, don't treat your boss with this behavior; If you hate a certain behavior of the person in front, don't treat the person behind with this behavior; If you hate a certain behavior of the person behind, don't treat the person in front with this behavior; If you hate some behavior of the person on your right, don't treat the person on your left with this behavior; If you hate some behavior of the person on your left, don't treat the person on your right with this behavior. This is the so-called "instant way".

The Book of Songs says: "The monarch and the minister are the parents of Shu Ren." He likes what people like, and he hates what people hate. Such a monarch can be said to be the parents of the people. The Book of Songs says: "The towering Nanshan stands tall. Master Daxian, the people are looking up to you. " People who rule the country must be cautious. A little bias will be overthrown by everyone. The Book of Songs said: "When Yin didn't lose the hearts of the people, it was still reasonable. Please take the Yin Dynasty as a warning. It is not easy to keep the destiny. " In other words, if you win the hearts of the people, you will get the country, and if you lose the hearts of the people, you will lose the country.

Therefore, people with high moral character pay attention to cultivation first. Only when there is virtue can someone raise it, and only when there is support can the land be protected. Only when there is land can there be wealth, and only when there is wealth can there be supply and utilization. Virtue is the foundation, and wealth is the end of the branch. If the inheritance is regarded as an external thing and the end of the branch is regarded as an internal inheritance, it will compete with the people for profit. Therefore, when kings gather wealth and goods, people's hearts will be separated; When the king distributes his wealth to the people, the people will gather together. It's like if you speak irrationally, people will answer you with unreasonable words; The source of wealth and goods is unknown, and one day it will be lost inexplicably.

Kang Hao said: "Destiny will not be consistent." In other words, if you do good deeds, you will get your destiny, but if you don't do good deeds, you will lose your destiny. The Book of Chu said: "Nothing in Chu is a treasure, but goodness is a treasure." My uncle said, "Exiled people have nothing but kindness."

"Qin Shi" said: "If there is a loyal and honest minister, although he has no special skills, he is broad-minded and tolerant, and others have skills, such as himself; He is convinced that others have both ability and political integrity, not only verbally, but sincerely. Using such people can protect my children and people and benefit them! On the contrary, if others have technology, they will be jealous and disgusted; Others have both ability and political integrity, but he tries his best to suppress and crowd out, and he can't tolerate it anyway. Using this kind of person can not only protect my descendants and people, but also be very dangerous! " Therefore, people with benevolence will exile such intolerant people to the land of four barbarians and prevent them from living in China. This shows that sages have a clear love and hate, and they cannot select talents, and they cannot be reused after selection. This is contempt: it is wrong to find evil people without driving them away. It's against human nature to like things that everyone hates and dislike things that everyone likes. Disaster is bound to befall you. Therefore, for the monarch, there is a right path: loyalty, then everything; If you indulge in luxury, you will lose everything.

There is also a correct way to make money; More people produce, less people consume; Those who produce are diligent, while those who consume are thrifty. In this way, wealth will always be sufficient. Caring people help others to cultivate their own virtue, and unkind people do not hesitate to make money at the expense of their lives. People who are not in the upper position like benevolence and righteousness, while people in the lower position don't like loyalty and righteousness; Do not love loyalty but give up halfway; There is no property in the treasury that does not belong to the monarch. Meng Xianzi said: "With four carriages, there is no need to raise chickens and pigs; Sacrifice ice to doctor Qing's house, so don't raise cattle and sheep again; Don't adopt a vassal who plundered the wealth of the people from the vassal's house with a hundred chariots. It is better to have a retainer who steals than to have a retainer who plunders people's wealth. "That is to say, a country should not take wealth as its interest, but should take benevolence and righteousness as its interest. As a monarch, he still devotes himself to collecting money, which must be induced by villains. The monarch thinks that these villains are good people and let them handle state affairs. So, natural disasters and man-made disasters came together. Although there are talents at this time, there is no way to save them. Therefore, a country should not take wealth and goods as its interests, but should take benevolence and righteousness as its interests.

The Connotation and Application of University

The language of The University is simple, profound and far-reaching. Over the past two thousand years, countless people with lofty ideals have entered the room to see Confucianism. From the pragmatic point of view, this article has profound enlightenment significance for modern people to be a man, do things and establish a career. Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China, mentioned in the sixth lecture of Nationalism of the Three People's Principles; "Now, if we want to manage our family well, govern the country well, and not be oppressed by foreign countries, we must fundamentally restore the consistent truth of China's inherent knowledge by self-cultivation, and the spirit and status of our nation can be restored." The first article of the Constitution of the Republic of China also contains the Three People's Principles. It can be seen that studying in university is also helpful to understand the legal basis of the Constitution of the Republic of China.