I. Universities:
Japanese universities can be divided into two categories: general universities and short-term universities, and each category has national, public and private points. Each university has its own characteristics because of its different forms and scales. There are different ways to examine the admission tickets issued by universities.
University: that is, the research institute of domestic universities. There are monk courses and doctoral courses, and there are graduate students and lecturers according to different universities. In universities, the organization is mainly based on laboratory lecture system.
Course: monk course: the same as the master's course in China. After graduating from college or above, you can take another two-year course, which means you have taken a monk course. If you submit a friar's thesis and pass the examination, you can get a friar's degree.
Doctoral courses: There are two main forms.
Five-year doctoral program [that is, the first two years and the last three years]: the admission qualifications are exactly the same as those of the monk program. For example, the Economics Research Department of the University of Tokyo has no monk program, so it is a five-year doctoral program. After studying for two years, it is called "pre-doctoral program". ※.
Postdoctoral program: After completing the friar's degree or doctoral preparatory program and studying for three years, it is called "postdoctoral program". After being approved to submit a doctoral thesis and passing the exam, you will get a doctoral degree. ※.
Postgraduate: This system is a unique phenomenon in Japan, which is different from ordinary students. They are not allowed to take credits, but only do research on specific topics. Due to different universities, the qualifications are not the same. Three graduates from the Fifth Academy, monks and doctors are eligible to apply. Before entering a university to become a formal course student, most universities stipulate that they must apply for admission as "graduate students". To apply for admission as a "graduate student", there is no need to go through the examination procedures. You only need to show the required documents, get the permission of the professor who wants to enter the lecture [research room], and get the "admission card" after the approval of the professor meeting. Students with this status can obtain the qualification of "international students" to stay in China.
Students attending lectures, courses, etc. Attend the lectures of formal students as informal students, and informal students can't get a degree. Students who attend classes are not allowed to take credits, but students who study subjects and other courses can take credits. Their admission qualifications and examination methods are the same as those of regular international students, but in order to obtain the qualification of "studying abroad", they need to attend classes for more than 10 hours per week.
Examination selection method:
According to the different research departments of different departments, there are different ways to apply for the exam and select the exam. There are roughly two ways:
International students and Japanese students take the same exam.
Special examination for international students.
Application method: Teachers, seniors or individuals who have graduated from this discipline can directly write to the guidance professor and put forward personal research plans and related documents. With the consent of professors and professors' meetings, they can enter the research room as graduate students or lecturers in the future. After a few months or a year, with the approval of professors, you can take the selection exam and become a formal college student. For the application materials of various research departments of Japanese universities, you can refer to the following books: A "Taking Universities as an Example" [Tokyo Book Publishing], which introduces the teaching subjects and instructors of various research departments. B. Admission of Foreign Students in Universities [edited by Asian Student Culture Association, published by Wentong Museum]. Domestic students can refer to the book "The Case of Universities" by the Library of Taipei Exchange Association. Those who have studied in Japanese language schools can refer to the latter.
Second, the undergraduate department: [including short-term universities]
Applicants for universities must meet the following conditions: a. Those who have obtained visas for studying abroad or studying. B. Engaged in school education in China 12 years or more [i.e. graduated from high school]. C people aged over 18 years old. D. a guarantor with an identity guarantor in Japan.
Application: Some universities are based on information, and some universities take information review and related subjects as the decision of admission or not. In addition, there are many universities that use data review, written examination and examination. In terms of Japanese proficiency, some require sufficient Japanese proficiency, while others stipulate that as long as they have a preliminary knowledge of Japanese, they will be strengthened by various means such as tutoring after entering school. Due to the unique history and tradition of accepting international students in Japanese universities, the methods of entrance examination are not uniform. However, Japan International Education Association, a consortium legal person, holds "Unified Experiment for Self-funded International Students" and "Japanese Proficiency Test" every year, which can be used as reference materials for universities to organize their own examinations for international students. Generally speaking, public universities and some private universities have listed these two experiments as one of the first examination items. For students who want to enter the university, they have to take these two exams and strive for high scores in order to pass the entrance exam. Here is a brief introduction to the contents of the two exams:
Unified experiment for self-funded international students;
The examination is held once a year1February by the unified experimental Committee for self-funded international students composed of Japan International Education Association. 1996, the test was held in Tokyo: Aoyama University, Kyoto: Graduate School of Humanities, Kyoto University, Fukuoka: Lubaosong Area, Kyushu University. The registration time is from mid-August to mid-September each year. The organizer is: Japanese unified experimental course of Japan International Education Association.
Address: No.4-5-29 Komatsu, Muhei District, Tokyo, Tel: 03-5454-5578 and 03-5454-52 15. Brochures are sold in major bookstores in China, such as the three provincial offices.
The key points of the implementation of the test subjects based on Heisei 8 [1996] are as follows:
Ministry of Science:
Math: Math 1 and 2 [The computer and flow chart in Math 2 are beyond the scope of the question], 90 minutes, 150 points.
Science: physics, chemistry, biology [the content of each subject is consistent with science 1]. Choose two courses, 120, 150.
Foreign language: English 1 and 2,60 points, 100 points.
Liberal arts department:
Math: Math 1, 60 minutes, 100 minutes.
Society: world history, 90 minutes, 150 points.
Foreign language: English 1 and 2,90 points, 150 points.
The test was published in the middle of June, 5438+the following year 10, and the test results were summarized [score distribution map, average score, standard deviation, etc. And the test questions were directly notified to all universities in Japan. In addition, candidates' scores will be sent to the university where candidates are scheduled to apply according to the application situation.
Japanese proficiency test for foreign students;
Both the examination and the unified examination are sponsored by Japan International Education Association, and are held simultaneously in 3 1 overseas countries such as Sapporo, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Hiroshima and Fukuoka on the first Sunday of February every year. The registration period is the same as that listed in the unified examination mentioned in the previous paragraph.
The test is aimed at non-native Japanese speakers and is divided into four grades. Participants can choose grades according to their abilities. There are three major items in exams at all levels: writing, vocabulary, listening, reading and grammar.
The score of 1 accounts for more than 70% of the total score, and those whose scores of 2, 3 and 4 account for more than 60% of the total score are deemed to have passed. Those who pass the exam will be notified of their scores in the form of a notice of results and will be awarded a Japanese proficiency certificate. In addition, the notice to universities is a summary of the implementation results of national, public and private universities in Japan [score distribution map, average score and standard deviation]. In addition, according to the candidate's application, the additional test questions will be sent to the university where the candidate is scheduled to apply.
Third, specialized schools:
Japan's specialized schools are divided into three courses:
College: it accounts for 80% of the college. The qualification for admission is to graduate from high school and study for one to three years. It is generally called a college. It is a short-term higher education, and graduates can go to college.
Advanced courses: the entrance qualification is junior high school graduates with different study years, but the graduates of three-year courses are regarded as senior high school graduates with university or short-term university entrance qualifications.
General education course: continuing education from junior high school to senior high school, similar to career learning course, with unlimited admission qualifications, which can be used by junior high school or senior high school graduates.
Specialized schools are mainly divided into eight categories: industry, business practice, medical care, sanitation, housekeeping, agriculture, education and social welfare, and culture and education. Graduates take national examinations and obtain various qualification certificates, and the employment rate is very high.
Generally, students who go to specialized schools will go to Japanese schools first. Then take the exam. Recently, due to the increasing number of foreign students, the Ministry of Justice has made the following important provisions on visas for specialized schools:
People who want to continue their studies in universities or colleges after graduating from junior colleges must have continuity and consistency with the majors of universities, but it is very difficult to apply for graduate students or lecturers.
Readers who are interested in attending special schools must attend Japanese courses in Japanese language schools recognized by the Japan Language Education Promotion Association, a consortium legal person, for more than half a year and obtain supporting materials.
Those who must pass the Japanese proficiency test sponsored by Japan International Education Association, a consortium legal person, must pass Grade 2 or above.