Teacher Xu told us the way of university in combination with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. "University" put forward "three programs", that is, to be virtuous, to be close to the people, to stop at perfection, and "eight items", that is, to respect things, to know, to be honest, to cultivate one's morality, to keep one's family in order, to govern the country and to level the world. Xu teacher also summed up the "Eight Certificates", namely, knowing, stopping, deciding, being level, being safe, worrying, being virtuous. These are also the original intentions and goals of ancient learning, and each requirement should have corresponding learning content.
Among them, the starting point is to learn innocence at birth. In this process, we must first understand the things around us and grab them selectively. However, the society is mixed and materialistic, and the constant collision between people and the world may lead to depression and collapse, making themselves a mess and forming a pool of mud. After that, we should stop and decide, "forty without confusion, fifty with destiny", so as to achieve the peace of "sixty with obedience" and finally feel at ease naturally. This is the ideal model of the whole life.
In view of this kind of life experience and change, we should learn appropriate content at different ages. Therefore, the ancients learned four books and five classics, namely, The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, and six arts, namely, ritual, music, shooting (archery), imperial (driving), book (literacy) and number (calculation). Poetry is gentle and generous, the book is far-reaching, the music is broad and easy, easy to be quiet and subtle, respectful and frugal, the spring and autumn period is the word, and the Five Classics create a cultural atmosphere. The three-character classics, hundreds of surnames and thousands of words read by the ancients are all harmonious and fluent rhymes. Compared with the fragmented characters we are studying now, the former is easier to digest and absorb and exudes cultural charm.
Xu teacher's talk about "being literate and being confused in life" unceremoniously points out the disadvantages of today's education model: abandoning the whole concept of the Chinese nation, breaking the system connection, ignoring the cultural charm and making people think. The ancients said that "the book is read a hundred times, and its meaning is self-evident", which just shows the importance of the overall concept. Reading should focus on charm, and learning should have a knowledge system.
The ancients learned six arts and developed in an all-round way in body, beauty, morality and labor. Rites are the way to grow, rules are formed, but rules are used to abide by and break; Music is the cultural atmosphere and phonology of * * * singing, and * * * singing is the best memory method; Shooting is to concentrate on hitting the target, and concentration and persistence are the first qualities of people; Royal is riding a horse, controlling the mind and controlling people; Books are reading and understanding, books cultivate the mind, and people should be understanding; Numbers are nine chapters of arithmetic, and they follow the path. Under the influence of such a cultural atmosphere, good personality and cultural accomplishment are naturally formed, and people can also develop in an all-round way.
"University" said that "those who want virtue in ancient times should rule their country first, and those who want to rule their country should rule their home first; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; Those who want to be sincere, the prophet, and know the case. " It is emphasized that self-cultivation is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to govern the country and level the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and level the world and personal moral cultivation. Nowadays, in order to prevent children from losing at the starting line, cram schools are rampant and children are under great pressure. It is really difficult to cultivate themselves. "Tang Poetry" and "Song Ci" were buried in the corner, leaving only the strange article structure and sentence understanding.
"Things begin and end, and things end. If you know the order, you will take a shortcut. " It is necessary to plan the blueprint of life reasonably, think about the direction of life, build a knowledge system in learning and think about how to learn. "The Way of University" is about how to learn, how to establish ways and means, how to determine life goals, how to position yourself reasonably, how to rely on external resources, how to strengthen internal beliefs, and how to be condescending. "Climbing the top of Mount Tai, other mountains are dwarfs in the world." .
The ancients paid attention to all-round learning, not pure knowledge, but more attention to moral cultivation and cultural accomplishment. These are all worth learning and thinking about. Learning is our lifelong homework. In today's materialistic and bizarre society, we should seriously think about how to learn and how to learn well.
Xu teacher told us the importance of building a knowledge system, understanding the relationship between knowledge and its internal logic, and inspired us to ponder and understand how to learn. He also said that "learning without thinking is useless" and emphasized the importance of thinking. This reminds me of my study habit-I don't know much about it, but I just memorize it blindly, "I don't know why I know it", so most of what I have learned for so many years belongs to others, and I completely forget it after a long time, without internalizing it into my own understanding and thinking. I have been studying, but I have never known how to study.
I want to learn to think about the logic of knowledge, understand its connotation and realize its truth. Learn the classic works and educational models of the ancients, appreciate the cultural charm, lay a foundation for learning new knowledge, and cultivate good learning methods and thinking modes at the same time, avoiding mechanical copying and scripted.
Nowadays, there are many superficial things in education, focusing on doing things for the country, the people and the society. There are more external things than internal things, which is not easy for people to accept fundamentally, especially for the purpose of changing people's thinking and behavior. In contrast, the Four Books and Five Classics advise people to pursue their own self-cultivation, pursue people's noble ideological and moral sentiments and cultivate high-quality people, and finally realize social progress, development and stability, which deserves further discussion and research.
In today's society, we students should think about how to study, find a suitable learning method and learn the thoughts of the ancients, so as to develop and improve ourselves better.