1. Causes of menopause in women
Menopause refers to the last menstruation in the normal physiological process of women. Physiological menopause is the result of natural decline of ovarian function, which means the termination of ovarian reproductive function. Women's ovaries generally begin to age in the middle of their life course, and the termination of fertility is obviously earlier than an obvious biological feature unique to human beings.
The age of Menopause reflects the reproductive life of ovary, and cell aging is the result of menopause. The factors affecting menopause age are heredity, nutrition, obesity, altitude of living area, smoking addiction and so on. Menopause means the termination of menstruation, but there are often changes in menstrual cycle and menstrual volume during perimenopausal period.
It is characterized by shortened menstrual cycle, mainly shortened follicular phase, anovulation and increased menstrual flow. For example, anovulatory menstruation is 3% ~ 7% at the age of 26 ~ 40, and 4 1 ~ 50 is 12% ~ 15%. Many people show prolonged cycle, 2 ~ 3 months or longer, while menstrual period and blood volume are normal. A few people show menstrual cycle loss, irregular bleeding in female private parts, increased menstrual flow, and even secondary anemia.
2. Normal menopause age
Female menopause refers to the period when ovarian function further declines and finally disappears. According to foreign statistics, the risk of death of menopausal women before the age of 40 is 39% higher than that of menopausal women aged 40-44, 60% higher than that of menopausal women aged 45-49 and 95% higher than that of menopausal women aged 50-54. Therefore, it is a problem that cannot be ignored in the health care of middle-aged and elderly women to understand various factors affecting menopause and delay menopause age. The number of oocytes is the most important factor to determine the menopausal age of women. When a baby is born, there are about one million oocytes in each ovary, and the number of oocytes continues to decrease after birth. When the number of oocytes is reduced to a critical number, menopause will occur.
Under normal circumstances, women's menopausal age is generally between 44 and 54 years old, and it may bring risks to their health if they go too early or too late. The average menopausal age of urban women in China is 49.5 years, while that of rural women is 47.5 years. The age of menopause can range from 35 to 55 years old, and American women are 5 1.4 years old. The age range of menopause can be between 48 and 55. In the past hundred years, the age of menarche has a tendency to advance, but the age of menopause has not changed obviously. Menopause before the age of 40 is called "early menopause" or "premature ovarian failure". About 65,438+0% women go through menopause before the age of 40 and after the age of 55, which is called "delayed menopause".
3. Factors affecting menopausal age
1, physical condition
It was found that the average menopausal age of women with long-term malnutrition, short stature and light weight was 43.6 years old, and that of women with good nutrition, tall figure and heavy weight was 47.3 years old.
2. Smoking habits
Smoking is an important factor in advancing menopause. Benzopyrene in cigarettes is the lethal factor of oocytes. Animal experiments show that low dose benzopyrene can destroy 25% of oocytes, and high dose benzopyrene can destroy 98% of oocytes. According to the survey of Royal University Hospital, women who smoke enter menopause 54 days earlier than women who don't smoke.
3. Month of birth
A new study believes that women's menopause is often affected by their birth month. Women born in March have the earliest menopause, while women born in 10 have the latest menopause. After investigating 3000 Italian women, the researchers found that menopause may vary by 18 months depending on the month of birth.
Temperature and sunlight may affect the development of the fetus in the uterus and the subsequent birth year. The researchers added that due to seasonal changes, the influence of birth month on menopause is different in different parts of the world. Compared with women born in spring, women born in autumn develop better during pregnancy and have more oocytes. At present, researchers are studying whether the month of birth has an impact on women's psychology and emotions.
4. Psychopsychology
The age of menopause is also related to various psychological factors. Studies have shown that women with harmonious husband-wife relationship and harmonious sexual life have a relatively later menopause age than women with disharmonious husband-wife relationship, indulgence or lack of sexual life. Especially, women with psychological decompression /"target="_blank "stress, overwork and long-term depression and anxiety may affect neuroendocrine function and lead to early menopause.
4. What are the premenopausal symptoms?
1. Menstrual changes: Most women's menstrual changes begin at about 40 years old, and the average age of menopause is 49.5 years old. A few women have functional uterine bleeding, and even cause severe anemia.
2, urogenital tract changes: reproductive organs began to shrink, mucous membrane thinning, prone to inflammation of private parts of elderly women, can not hold back urine and so on.
3. Neuropsychiatric symptoms: The main manifestations are vasodilation symptoms such as flushing, intermittent fever and sweating. Emotional instability, irritability, depression and trouble, memory loss, work ability decline, etc.
4, skin: subcutaneous tissue and moisture decreased, dried and thinned, lost luster, wrinkles gradually increased, some itching, hair began to turn white and fall off. Abdominal and hip fat increase, easy to get fat.
5, cardiovascular system changes: blood pressure is easy to fluctuate, often appear hypertension, precordial pain and discomfort, palpitations, shortness of breath, the incidence of arteriosclerosis increases, the incidence of coronary heart disease also increases.
6. Osteoporosis: From the age of 40, female bones begin to decalcify, and the annual calcium loss is 1%. If calcium is not supplemented, it will lead to osteoporosis. The consequences are spinal compression, short stature, kyphosis and difficulty in walking. Severe cases are prone to spinal compression fractures, which are common in the distal radius of upper limbs and femur of lower limbs. The incidence of female fracture is 6 ~ 10 times that of male.
7. Mentally: there are changes such as emotional instability, anxiety, paranoia, insomnia and depression.
8, blood circulation: the face suddenly became hot and red, and subsided after a few seconds. Also accompanied by palpitations, night sweats and so on.
5. Postmenopausal women should not blindly supplement calcium.
Within 1 ~ 10 years after menopause, there will be a rapid loss of calcium in the body, which will easily lead to osteoporosis. Therefore, preventing osteoporosis by supplementing calcium has aroused widespread concern among postmenopausal women.
However, the effect of calcium supplementation alone is not ideal. The main causes of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women are the decrease of estrogen level, low hormone level, little change in calcium absorption and no improvement in bone mineral density. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement calcium after understanding the hormone level, and at the same time supplement hormones under the guidance of a doctor. The combination of the two is better.
Therefore, if postmenopausal women want to supplement calcium scientifically and reasonably, they must first go to a regular hospital for two examinations. First, check your estrogen level by drawing blood; The second is the quantitative determination of bone mineral density. If the bone density is low, you need to supplement calcium properly, but don't supplement calcium blindly. You should know the mineral content in your bones through quantitative bone density and CT examination in a planned and regular way to predict whether you have osteoporosis.
6. What do women eat after menopause?
(1) ginseng, yam and jujube porridge
Ingredients: 30g of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, 25g of yam, 20g of coix seed, and 0/5g of lotus seed/kloc. 15 jujube, 50g glutinous rice and appropriate amount of brown sugar.
Practice: Wash all the medicinal materials, soak them in clear water, take them out, wash the glutinous rice and put it in a pot, add water and cook with slow fire, and add brown sugar.
Efficacy: It has the functions of invigorating spleen, benefiting qi and blood, and is suitable for conditioning dizziness, dizziness, shortness of breath, hyperhidrosis, fatigue and hypotension caused by physical weakness, anemia and deficiency of qi and blood.
(2) Jujube juice
Ingredients: 250g of red dates, 0/00g of brown sugar/kloc.
Practice: Wash the red dates, remove the core, put them in a pot and soak them in 3000 ml of water for 10 minute, then cook them with water on low fire, add brown sugar, stir them into juice, put them in the refrigerator and carry them with you.
Efficacy: Jujube has the functions of strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach, nourishing blood and calming the nerves. It is more effective to eat with brown sugar to replenish blood. It is suitable for regulating dizziness caused by blood deficiency, as well as symptoms such as alopecia, anxiety and insomnia.
(3) Cui Yi eel silk.
Ingredients: watermelon slices 100g, eel 500g, celery 250g, an egg, onion, ginger and garlic 15g, salt, soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, sugar, vinegar, sesame oil, pepper noodles, Shaoxing wine, starch and edible oil.
Practice: Wash the watermelon skin and juice it, and filter it with gauze to get juice for later use; The eel is boneless, eviscerated and shredded, the celery, ginger, onion and garlic are shredded, and the yolk is removed; Mixing starch, salt, egg white, half watermelon peel juice, mixing with shredded eel, and mixing the other half watermelon peel juice with Shaoxing wine, sugar, monosodium glutamate, pepper noodles, starch and dragonfly water to make juice; When the cooking oil is cooked to six degrees, add shredded eel, take it out, add a little cooking oil, add celery, onion, ginger and garlic and stir-fry for a while, then add shredded eel and blended watermelon peel juice and stir-fry for a while.
Efficacy: It can treat mental fatigue, soreness of waist and legs, rheumatic limb pain, unfavorable flexion and extension, summer heat and polydipsia, short and red urine, chest tightness and nausea; The most reasonable diet for patients with hypertension, malnutrition and rheumatoid arthritis in summer.
(4) cereal
Ingredients: 30 grams of wheat, 50 grams of japonica rice and 5 jujubes.
Practice: Wash the japonica rice and remove the core of jujube for later use; Clean and mash wheat, put it in a pot, add water to boil, then cook for 20 minutes with low fire, remove residue and get juice; Boil japonica rice and jujube in wort for several weeks, three to four days a week, and take it once a day.
Efficacy: nourishing the heart and stopping sweating, invigorating the spleen and regulating the stomach, helping to regulate palpitation, insomnia, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, etc.
(5) Steamed eggs with longan
Ingredients: one fresh egg, longan meat 10g, and proper amount of sugar.
Practice: Beat the eggs into a bowl, stir well, add sugar and steam to half, take longan meat and stuff it into the yolk, then steam until cooked. Can be eaten as breakfast for a long time.
Efficacy: It can be used to treat climacteric deficiency, palpitation, insomnia and amnesia.
(6) Shen Zao honey glutinous rice
Ingredients: 250g glutinous rice, 20g codonopsis pilosula, 0g jujube100g, 50g honey.
Practice: Wash Codonopsis pilosula and red dates, put them in a pot, add water and decoct for 30 minutes, and take the juice for later use; Wash glutinous rice, soak it in liquid medicine overnight, mix it with honey, put it in a steamer, and cook it with red dates and codonopsis pilosula until soft and cooked. Take it once a day for 7 to 10 days.
Efficacy: it is suitable for conditioning menopausal discomfort symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, palpitation and loss of appetite.