The Laboratory of Renewable and Clean Energy of China University of Science and Technology announced that a new scientific and technological achievement developed by Professor Zhu Xifeng and Professor Guo Qingxiang can fundamentally solve this long-standing problem.
They pyrolyze, liquefy and reprocess sawdust, rice husk, corn straw, cotton straw and other raw materials, which can turn waste into treasure and become bio-oil. The oil yield of sawdust is above 60%, the oil yield of straw is above 50%, and the calorific value of bio-oil is 16 ~ 18 MJ/kg. This achievement has passed the pilot test and industrialization is just around the corner.
Using this technology, biomass such as straw can be directly converted into bio-oil, which can be directly burned as fuel in oil-fired boilers and industrial kilns, refined into vehicle fuel, and high value-added chemical products can be separated and extracted.
Second, fermented feed
Straw containing more water and sugar is a good feed material, especially corn straw and wheat straw.
Fermented straw feed has the following steps (taking silage as an example):
1. Grasp the harvesting time: the harvesting of silage corn stalks should not be too early or too late. When the harvest is early, the straw has large moisture and little sugar, and the fermentation effect is not good; When the harvest is too late, the moisture and nutrition of straw are lost, and the palatability of silage is poor. Generally, dense planting corn is in the filling stage, leguminous plants are in the initial flowering stage, gramineous grasses are in the heading stage, and sweet potato vines are harvested before frost.
2. Rapid transportation: The corn stalks should be transported to the silage site in time after harvest to prevent water evaporation caused by too long time, and nutrient loss caused by cell respiration and substance oxidation.
3. Appropriate material length: Generally, the raw materials are cut into 2 ~ 3 cm, which is beneficial to the compaction, compaction and exhaust during cellar loading, and at the same time, the settlement is more uniform and the nutrient loss is less. In addition, the cut plant tissue can ooze a lot of juice, which is beneficial to the growth of lactic acid bacteria and accelerates the silage process.
4. Spraying and cellar loading: 1 kg starter for 5 tons of silage. Dilute the silage fermentation assistant with rice bran (wheat bran or corn flour) according to the ratio of 1: 10, spray water, and adjust the water content of the material to 60-70% for later use. The method to judge whether the water content is appropriate: grab a handful of materials by hand, and the watermark will not drip, but it will spread when it falls to the ground.
Adjust the moisture content of silage raw materials to 60 ~ 70%, and then start cellar loading. While loading, step on it, while loading raw materials and sprinkling fermenting bacteria. Tread every 30 cm 1 time, especially the firmer the edge, the better. Try to fill the whole cellar 1 time.
5. Cover the grass and seal the soil: the filling amount should be 30 cm higher than the edge to prevent the silage from sinking. Enclose with boards, remove the boards after sinking for 2-3 days, cover with a layer of grass cut to 5- 10 cm and with a thickness of about 20 cm, then cover with soil with a thickness of 60 cm, pile them into steamed buns, pat the surface flat, and dig drainage ditches around the cellar.
Pay attention to the inspection a few days ago, and repair the cracks in the covering soil in time. When making silage with plastic film covering method, other steps are the same as general silage, but it should be noted that soil or other heavy objects should be pressed after plastic film covering finally, and the film should be strictly sealed to prevent air leakage.
Extended data:
Harm of straw burning
1, which destroys the soil structure and leads to the decline of farmland quality.
Straw burning will also go underground, microbes on the surface will be burned to death, humus and organic matter will be mineralized. Burning straw in the field will destroy the balance of this biological system, change the physical properties of soil, aggravate soil hardening, destroy soil fertility and aggravate drought, thus affecting the growth of crops.
2, causing serious air pollution and endangering human health.
When burning straw, the three pollution indexes of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particulate matter in the air all reached the peak, in which the concentration of sulfur dioxide was 1 times higher than usual, and the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and inhalable particulate matter was three times higher than usual. When the concentration of inhalable particulate matter reaches a certain level, it will cause great irritation to people's eyes, nose, throat and other parts containing mucous membranes, ranging from coughing, chest tightness and tears, and may lead to bronchitis in severe cases.
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