Discussion on biochemical examination paper "Discussion on teaching reform of clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination"
Clinical biochemistry; reform in education
Clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination is an applied professional subject combining basic theory with professional technology. In the teaching process of this subject, how to grasp the key points, deepen the teaching reform, improve the teaching quality, make students master medical skills, understand humanities, have ideals, be innovative, be able to get down, use, stay and produce results, reflect the sincerity of great doctors in ethnic universities, and cultivate students into high-quality inspection talents, we combine the situation of our school, the specific contents and implementation methods are as follows.
1 teaching status of clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests
1. 1 Clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests have high basic requirements. Clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination are professional disciplines based on analytical chemistry and biochemistry, which require medical students to master the basic theories and skills of clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination. Being familiar with the chemical composition and ongoing biochemical processes of human organs, tissues and body fluids, as well as the effects of diseases and drugs on these processes, and understanding the contents of disease diagnosis, disease monitoring, drug efficacy, prognosis judgment and disease prevention are helpful to deeply understand the knowledge of clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests. According to the curriculum requirements of medical colleges, this paper analyzes the relevant teaching contents, compares the relevant textbooks at home and abroad, and refers to the teaching requirements of other medical colleges. Emphasis is placed on updating knowledge, focusing on the latest teaching materials, using the third edition of Clinical Biochemistry and Biochemical Testing edited by Professor Zhou Xin, and combining with other reference books to expand the teaching content. At the same time, through reading domestic and foreign professional journals and magazines, browse professional websites. Introducing the latest research results and technologies at home and abroad to students in time enriches the teaching content, makes up for the lag of some contents in the teaching materials, and increases the amount of information in classroom teaching. This textbook is rich in content, novel, focused, practical and beneficial to both teaching and learning.
1.2 The teaching content of clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination is abstract and difficult to understand. Because it involves the basic theoretical knowledge of biochemistry, it is difficult to understand. Moreover, with the continuous development of disciplines and the emergence of new diseases, new technologies and new theories, the content to be taught increases. This brings many problems to teaching. For a long time, clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination are one of the theoretical courses that students are difficult to master. In addition, the deepening of school teaching reform and the shortening of teaching time have caused the contradiction between teaching content and time. At the same time, the working characteristics of the integration of departments and colleges make it difficult for teachers to coordinate teaching, and there is almost no extra time to explain to students the principles, methods, testing scope, precautions and quality control of the latest clinical instrument testing items. However, students know little about the principles, methods and detection scope of these commonly used clinical inspection items, and they don't know much about the operation of total quality control system, the calibration of items, the sources of laboratory errors and how to correct them. It is impossible to deepen the understanding of book content through practice, so it is generally felt that book knowledge and practice content are difficult to contact and transform each other. However, it is necessary to strengthen the connection between clinical biochemistry and biochemical test teaching and clinical practice, so that students can see the usefulness of clinical biochemistry and biochemical test in their future study and work. On the premise of improving the quality of theoretical teaching, reforming the experimental teaching method is not only an effective measure to improve the teaching effect, but also a new challenge to teachers.
1.3 Clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests have strong practicality and operability. Clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination is an important discipline of laboratory specialty and a comprehensive applied science. In recent years, with the development of computer, biochemistry, molecular biology, biomedical engineering and electronic technology, clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests have absorbed and introduced a large number of advanced technologies from other disciplines, greatly improving the speed and sensitivity of clinical biochemical tests. In order to meet the needs of the times, we should constantly update and adjust our experimental courses on the basis of existing theoretical teaching. Experimental course is an indispensable part of clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination education, a practical teaching method, an auxiliary means of theoretical teaching, and a foreshadowing for future practice and work. Not only can we verify the basic knowledge and consolidate the theories learned in the classroom, but more importantly, we can train students' basic skills and initially cultivate their practical ability and independent working ability. At present, test instruments are developing towards automation and intelligence. The detection items are changed from single item to multi-item joint detection, and the detection content is changed from simple basic qualitative or semi-quantitative to micro and ultra-micro detection. In recent years, the wide application of gene engineering technology, enzyme engineering technology, cell bioengineering technology and molecular bioengineering technology in clinic has put forward higher requirements for the knowledge structure of inspectors.
The curriculum and teaching content of 1.4 can no longer meet the requirements of the development of the times. With the development of medical technology, clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests are playing an increasingly important role in medicine. Under the new situation, the experimental specialty of our school mainly trains practical experimental talents for rural areas, grass-roots units and communities. At present, the curriculum of clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination in our college is 40 hours of theoretical courses and 55 hours of experimental courses, while the syllabus requires that the theoretical courses are generally between 54 and 60 hours and the experimental courses are about 70 hours. With so few theoretical and experimental hours, even the teaching materials are difficult to complete, let alone the clinical connection. In addition, at present, the course teaching content system of our college has not broken through the traditional subject-centered model, and the course is relatively independent, with obvious disciplinary boundaries and repeated course content; Although we attach importance to the teaching of basic knowledge and skills, we ignore the cultivation of medical students' professional attitude and ethics, communication skills, information management and critical thinking. , can not meet the needs of the all-round development of modern medical talents. Through the reform of clinical biochemistry and biochemical experiment teaching, we think that only by reforming teaching content, improving teaching methods, paying attention to basic training of experimental operation, strengthening the examination of experimental skills and paying close attention to medical ethics education can students' basic theoretical level and experimental skills be improved and excellent experimenters be trained.
2. How to implement the teaching reform of clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination?
2. 1 Strengthening the training of teachers and paying attention to the integration of human resources are the guarantee for cultivating high-quality talents. At present, there are 9 teachers in the clinical biochemistry teaching and research section of our hospital, including doctor 1 person, master 1 person, 65438 professors and 2 associate professors. Most of them are young teachers. They are inspectors with solid professional knowledge and rich clinical experience. According to the actual situation, send teachers who have not received professional training to study medical laboratory, or participate in short-term training on related topics, or learn from old teachers with rich teaching experience and prepare lessons collectively. Through professional study, teachers can deepen their understanding and application of professional knowledge. Teachers with rich teaching experience, extensive professional knowledge and strong scientific research ability should be encouraged to give guidance, and at the same time, the training of young teachers should be strengthened to train a group of teachers who are proficient in professional theory, experimental operation and strong scientific research ability? Double-qualified? Teaching staff. Only by fully mastering the professional theory and advanced technical methods of this discipline and understanding the development trend and dynamics of this discipline can teachers provide a higher starting point for teaching reform and innovation activities and help cultivate students' ability to find, analyze and solve problems; It is beneficial to cultivate students' creative thinking and scientific research ability.
2.2 refer to international standards, promote the reform and innovation of clinical biochemistry and biochemical laboratory teaching in medical colleges. American association for clinical chemistry proposed that medical laboratory personnel must have knowledge and skills in four aspects: basic medical theory knowledge, clinical medical knowledge, practical operation skills and clinical laboratory quality management skills [1]. Our hospital, as a comprehensive medical college, should make a reasonable orientation for the purpose and goal of running a school, and the key to defining the purpose and goal of running a school is scientific orientation. Generally speaking, the orientation of running a school mainly refers to whether the school is research-oriented, teaching research-oriented or teaching application-oriented. Different positioning is reflected in different requirements for personnel training specifications. According to China's national conditions, key medical colleges mainly train research-oriented junior doctors, while local non-key medical colleges mainly train applied junior doctors. Different orientations form different school-running ideas, aims and goals of different types of colleges, which have different influences on the teaching process and naturally form different school-running characteristics [2]. Therefore, the teaching quality of clinical biochemistry and biochemical laboratory plays a vital role in the cultivation of medical laboratory students. However, in order to ensure that every student has the opportunity to contact patients at an early stage and participate in patients' medical work, clinical biochemistry and biochemical laboratory teaching will face new competition and challenges. To solve this problem, it is imperative for the college to set up a large-scale simulation hospital. It aims to enable students to study the chemical state of human health and diseases, and master the chemical test methods for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. Through the positioning of talent training objectives, the trained talents not only meet the needs of national conditions, but also meet the international standards.
2.3 Reform of teaching contents and methods of clinical biochemistry and biochemical tests
2.3. 1 The third edition of Clinical Biochemistry and Biochemical Testing, a new textbook suitable for clinical examination, should be adopted. The teaching materials should be carefully selected, the teaching content should be improved, the teaching syllabus should be formulated, and the teaching combination should be optimized. The use of the new textbook also requires teachers to pay due attention to the content of the textbook according to the professional level, training objectives and teaching hours of their respective colleges, and pay attention to the teaching of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, tumor markers and concentration monitoring of therapeutic drugs to help students understand the development of today's scientific and technological level. In the teaching process of this course, it is required to focus on common clinical diseases and their biochemical test indexes, highlight the biochemical mechanism and biochemical test technology of diseases, and strive to combine biochemical test with disease diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis judgment, so as to open up new horizons of clinical medicine from the height of modern laboratory medicine. While systematically teaching theoretical knowledge, we should carry out diversified teaching methods: lecture teaching, problem discussion teaching, example demonstration teaching, comparative induction teaching and bilingual teaching. At the same time, strengthen case discussion, stimulate thinking vividly and interestingly, cultivate students' ability to establish correct experimental diagnosis thinking and apply knowledge, and promote students' independent learning, research-based learning and personality development.
2.3.2 Use multimedia teaching to improve teaching quality, combine teaching with clinical practice, and improve students' interest. The application of multimedia teaching means can turn some abstract and difficult concepts into concrete and observable pictures, which are intuitive, vivid and vivid, easy to attract students' attention and stimulate their interest in learning; It is helpful to understand the concepts and methods of biochemistry and enhance students' understanding and application of teaching content; In addition, it can simplify the complex, facilitate memory, improve students' information processing and application ability, make students curious and interested, broaden their horizons, better guide students and achieve the purpose of effective learning. Multimedia teaching can also help students learn and explore the teaching process of knowledge, thus guiding students to study and research scientifically, effectively making up for the shortage of teaching hours and alleviating the contradiction between limited teaching time and increasing teaching content. The multimedia teaching process itself teaches students how to use multimedia to improve learning efficiency. Courseware is one of the important parts of multimedia teaching, and its production directly affects the teaching effect. Therefore, in the process of courseware making, we should pay attention to the organic combination of words, pictures and images, so that the words are concise and the pictures are clear, so that students can see at a glance, but not too flashy, so as not to distract students and get the application effect.
2.4 Opening laboratories and providing students with second-class experimental teaching is an important part of the teaching system. Biochemical and biochemical examination is an experimental subject. Only by constantly developing new technologies and experiments can we complete the teaching task of theoretical verification. It is a good way for students to deepen their understanding of biochemical theory, develop their creativity and cultivate their independent thinking and working ability by hands-on operation and applying theoretical knowledge to practice and solving practical problems. The laboratory is open to students all day, students complete experiments independently, and teachers only do tutoring. After the experiment, the teacher made a comprehensive summary and made detailed questions and discussions on the problems and matters needing attention in the experiment. By opening the laboratory regularly, consolidating the basic skills training and related knowledge introduction of experimental operation, and constantly cultivating students' practical ability, innovative consciousness and innovative ability, the open laboratory has been recognized and praised by students.
3 Clinical biochemistry and biochemical examination teaching reform effect evaluation
3. 1 define the teaching objectives and implement them in teaching management? Teacher responsibility system? 、? Standardization of teaching plans? Strengthen teachers' sense of responsibility. In the teaching mode, the open teaching system is implemented to make students' learning methods multi-dimensional. Let students gradually establish the understanding that theory is based on experiments, and theoretical knowledge is the summary and refinement of experiments. In theoretical and experimental teaching, the goal is clear, the focus is prominent, and the classroom teaching effect is greatly improved.
3.2 Cultivating students' scientific research quality and innovation ability is the decisive driving force for the development of a country and a nation. Therefore, it is an important task in university teaching to cultivate students' innovative consciousness, stimulate their innovative enthusiasm and spirit, and develop their innovative ability. Creativity is not only the cultivation of ability but also the cultivation of spirit and quality [3]. Strengthen and expand professional skills, lay the foundation of students' scientific research work, and pay attention to the cultivation of students' scientific research ability. In the past ten years, under the guidance of the teachers in the Clinical Biochemistry Teaching and Research Section, every student has written a graduation thesis, about 70% of which was published in professional magazines at all levels. Developing students' scientific research is an effective way to improve teachers' quality. Teaching and learning learn from each other and promote each other. Accomplishing the process of topic selection, topic opening, implementation, summary and writing of graduation thesis with students undoubtedly puts forward higher requirements for teachers' own quality and ability, forcing teachers to strengthen their study, understand and master the new progress of this discipline and the knowledge of related disciplines, and constantly improve their teaching ability and teaching level.
3.3 is conducive to improving teachers' teaching and scientific research level. At the same time, teachers should pay more attention to the design of experimental courses. Teachers must prepare lessons carefully, know all the methods, master the theoretical knowledge, clinical knowledge and professional knowledge involved, and consult the literature extensively and comprehensively. It also needs strong experimental hands-on ability, certain experimental analysis and problem-solving ability. While improving teachers' comprehensive teaching ability, it also greatly promotes the improvement of teachers' scientific research consciousness and ability. Really learn from each other in teaching.
refer to
Zheng Tiesheng, Jiang, Xu, et al. Exploration of clinical biochemistry and experimental teaching reform [J]. Laboratory Medicine Education, 2005, 12 (3): 25-26.
[2] Kong, Yan, et al. Reflections on the international integration of undergraduate medical education in local non-key medical colleges [J]. Journal of Yunyang Medical College, 2005,24 (6): 380-381.
[3] Feng, Tu, Kang, et al. Reflections on the current training objectives of higher medical laboratory education [J]. China Higher Medical Education, 2002 (1): 5-7.
A Brief Talk on the Writing Summary of the Experimental Report of the Second Biochemical Examination Paper
Writing experiment report is one of the important links in biochemical experiment teaching. This paper summarizes the importance, existing problems and strategies of improving the writing quality of experimental reports, aiming at attracting teachers and students' attention to the writing of experimental reports and improving the quality of experimental teaching.
Experimental teaching; Experimental report; quality
Biochemical examination is one of the main courses of medical laboratory specialty, which is very practical and is completed in the laboratory in half the class. In order to make students better adapt to clinical practice and meet the needs of industry employment, it is very important to cultivate students' clinical practice. The initial training is mainly carried out in relevant experimental classes, and then it will be strengthened in clinical practice. Therefore, while attaching importance to theoretical teaching, strengthening experimental teaching is the key to fully embody the characteristics of the subject, improve the teaching quality and lay a solid foundation for entering the clinic. The writing of experimental report is one of the important links in the process of experimental teaching, which is an important basis to measure the experimental effect, and can also comprehensively reflect students' ability to analyze, research, solve and write scientific and technological papers. However, in the experimental teaching, it is found that although students can hand in the experimental report in time, the writing quality is not high and there are many problems. It is particularly important to improve the writing quality of students' experimental reports. After years of teaching experience, many scholars put forward the importance of students writing experimental reports, the existing problems and the strategies to improve the writing quality of experimental reports, which are summarized as follows:
The Importance of Writing 1 Experimental Report
The writing of experimental report can cultivate students' rigorous scientific attitude; Promote students' active and responsible development; Cultivate students' innovative spirit, team consciousness and competitive spirit; It promotes the improvement of students' comprehensive abilities such as observation ability, comprehensive analysis ability, logical reasoning and induction ability, problem finding and problem solving ability; It is helpful to consolidate students' theoretical knowledge and strengthen the combination of theory and practice; It also strengthens students' writing ability and level, and lays a solid foundation for the writing of scientific research papers in the future. The feedback of students' experimental reports helps teachers to re-examine their own ability level, improve teaching methods and improve teaching quality, and also plays a good role in promoting teaching reform [1-2].
2. Frequently asked questions about students writing experimental reports
Do not pay attention to the preview before the experiment, write without thinking, copy from each other, and the content of the experimental report is the same; Attitude is not rigorous, not according to the actual operation, but copying the experimental instructions, so that writing experimental reports has been a mere formality; Most students have shortcomings in comprehensive ability. When the experimental results are abnormal, there is no way to start and do not know where the reasons are, so it is impossible to objectively and comprehensively analyze and discuss the experimental phenomena or results. In terms of content, the writing is incomplete, and it often lacks important contents such as experimental method evaluation, analysis and discussion, application of results, and matters needing attention [3-5].
3 How to improve the writing quality of experimental reports
How to change this situation, by strengthening the writing of students' experimental reports and promoting experimental teaching, the following suggestions are put forward:
3. 1 Raising awareness
First of all, teachers should attach importance to experimental reports and improve students' understanding of the importance of writing experimental reports [6].
3.2 Strengthen the preview before the experiment class.
Pay attention to students' preview of experimental classes, and teachers should convey the importance of previewing experimental classes to students and ask them to preview in advance; Clarify the preview outline and content, and emphasize the key and difficult points of the experiment; Students are required to understand the purpose, principle, operation steps and precautions of the experiment through preview, and make a preview report; Ask questions to check whether students preview or preview the effect [7-8].
3.3 Strengthen teachers' guidance and correction of students' experimental reports.
Teachers should guide students to write experimental reports with full enthusiasm and rigorous scientific attitude, guide students to analyze problems and improve their ability to solve problems. Students are required to carefully complete each item in the report and write the analysis results into the experimental report; When correcting students' experimental reports, we should be good at finding the bright spots in report writing, and make comments and positive affirmation in time, so as to improve students' enthusiasm in writing experimental reports [9- 10].
3.4 Breaking the tradition and bringing forth the new.
The writing of the experimental report should not stick to one form, but should be innovative on the basis of satisfying the academic, scientific, theoretical, normative, innovative and exploratory nature of the experimental report [1 1].
3.4. 1 reflection experiment report
There are many disadvantages in the writing of traditional experimental reports. Students write experimental reports without thinking, summarizing or summarizing, and there is a phenomenon of reading from the book. Wang Xiaobing and others put forward that reflective diaries should be integrated into experimental reports, and asked students to write reflective experimental reports. Practice has proved that there are some problems in the writing of reflective experimental reports compared with traditional experimental reports, but this writing method can better urge students to review the whole experimental process, better combine theory with practice, consolidate students' theoretical knowledge, and thus improve students' mastery of operational skills. At the same time, it also helps to strengthen the interaction between teachers and students, and has a good promotion effect on the growth of teachers and the improvement of experimental teaching [12]
3.4.2 Paper experimental report
Yao Qing, Li, et al. This paper discusses the application of writing paper experimental report in experimental teaching, and points out that it cultivates students' scientific research thinking. Students' plagiarism of experimental guidance can be eliminated; The teacher's grading standard has changed, so that students are no longer only concerned about whether the experimental results are normal, but more concerned about whether the analysis of the results is reasonable and whether the learning attitude can be corrected; At the same time, the writing of paper experimental report helps to improve students' ability to acquire knowledge independently, consult literature and innovate thinking, thus improving their writing ability and laying a good foundation for the writing of graduation papers and scientific research papers in the future [13- 14].
3.4.3 Using modern science and technology to strengthen the writing of experimental reports.
Du Bin and others explored the use of modern science and technology to strengthen the writing of experimental reports. Although there are some shortcomings in this move, the harvest is still quite rich. They found that using modern scientific and technological means to write experimental reports can make teachers pay more attention to the writing guidance of experimental reports; Stimulate students' interest in learning, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and teamwork spirit, and greatly improve students' interpersonal skills; Students' learning attitude is more rigorous and scientific [15].
In a word, experimental teaching is an important part of higher medical education, especially for biochemical examination courses, writing experimental reports is an indispensable link in the process of experimental teaching [16]. All teachers and students in the biochemical laboratory should attach importance to the writing of experimental reports, think more and summarize more, be brave in innovation on the basis of predecessors, and make continuous efforts to improve the writing quality of experimental reports.
refer to
[1] weeks. Evaluation of the effect of writing experimental report in basic nursing teaching [J]. Health Vocational Education, 2005, (19): 89-90.
[2] Chen Jianzhen and Lin Naixiang. Problems and countermeasures of nursing students' physiological experiment report [J]. Journal of Qiqihar Medical College, 2012,33 (8):1062-1064.
[3] Wang. On the writing method of experimental report [J]. Journal of Tongren Vocational Education College, 2005,3 (4): 63-65.
[4] He Dan. On the problems and solutions of medical laboratory students writing experimental reports [J]. Health vocational education, 2013,31| (2): 58-59.
Bi Xiaoyun. Evaluation of experimental teaching of clinical biochemical tests [J]. Northwest Medical Education, 2013,21(4): 766-768.
Zhu Hailong, Zhang Genbao. Analysis of problems in functional experiment report [J]. Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 20 10, 12 (4): 408-4 10.
[7] Liu Liping. Problems and countermeasures in writing physiological experiment reports [J]. General Medicine, 20 14 (7): 390-39 1.
Qi Xin, Wei Dongmei. On the Problems in the Writing of Animal Biology Experiment Reports [J]. Internet Wealth, 20 10, 182 184.
Nan Ying, Xiang Liwei. Problems and countermeasures in writing physiological experiment reports [J]. Medical Information, 2008,21(7):1094-1095.
[10] Tauren. Attention should be paid to writing experimental reports in experimental teaching [J]. China Science and Education Innovation Guide, 2011(5):120.
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