9.2 1 earthquake in Taiwan Province province

9.2 1 earthquake in Taiwan Province province and 9.2 1 earthquake in Taiwan Province province, the largest earthquake in Taiwan Province province at the end of the 20th century, occurred at1September 2, 999/:47: 12.6, with the epicenter at 23.87 degrees north latitude and/kloc east longitude. The magnitude is as high as 7.3 on the Richter scale. The focal depth is 8 kilometers and the Richter scale is 7.6. The moment magnitude of the earthquake measured by the US Geological Survey is 7.6. The earthquake was caused by the dislocation of Chelongpu fault, which caused a 105 km fault zone on the surface. The whole island felt a violent vibration. * * * lasts 102 seconds, commonly known as the September 21 earthquake or the Chi-Chi earthquake.

tectonic structure

Taiwan Province Province, located at the junction of Eurasia plate and Philippine Sea plate, is a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, with frequent earthquakes. The Philippine Sea Plate has been moving to the northwest since Cenozoic, which is closely related to the formation of Taiwan Province Province. However, the annual movement speed of 8.2 cm has also formed a series of faults in the East Rift Valley, the mountains in the middle, the Lushan Belt in the west and the plain area. These faults are very active and have caused many disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan's history.

Earthquake information

The epicentre of the earthquake is 23.85 degrees north latitude and 0/20.82 degrees east longitude, with a depth of 8 kilometers. The focal mechanism solution obtained by waveform inversion is a low-angle thrust fault with partial strike-slip component, and the released seismic moment energy is17.7 0.4×10 19n-m, and the fault strike is northeast 18 degrees, and the dip angle is19 degrees.

Casualties in disaster areas

Death: 232 1

Injuries: More than 8,000 people were particularly affected, as Taichung County and Nantou County in Taiwan Province Province were the main epicentre areas. According to government statistics on the second day after the earthquake, the death toll has exceeded 2,000, 6,534 people were injured and 2,308 people were trapped. There are also serious disasters in Taipei County, Taipei City, Miaoli County, Taichung City, Changhua County and Yunlin County. Three weeks later, the Accounting Office of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan Province Province announced 2,378 deaths (including missing persons), with the highest death toll in Taichung County being 1 138 and Nantou County being 928, with 40,845 houses completely collapsed and 4 1373 buildings partially collapsed.

Nantou

Maximum earthquake: magnitude 7? Jiji Town, Nantou County is located in the epicenter. The tracks of Ji Ji Xian Railway are severely distorted, the wooden station building of Jiji Station is seriously tilted, and Checheng Station is destroyed by the earthquake. The head of Jiujiufeng Mountain in Caotun Town became bald due to the earthquake. There are five halls in Zhongxing New Village, and all the buildings have fallen down. Wuchang Temple collapsed in Nantoujiji Town, Jiufen Ershan, Guoxing Township.

Collapsed, nearly 40 villagers were buried alive under immeasurable earth and stone; About 400 houses collapsed in Puli town, and the death toll exceeded 180. Puli winery exploded due to the earthquake; Zhongliao Township, located on the Shuangdong fault, with death toll178; 65,438+08 EHV and primary transmission towers located in Zhongliao Township collapsed completely or partially, while 34 EHV transmission line regulators and 47 lightning arresters of Zhongliao EHV switching station, which has the status of transmission hub, fell and were damaged. Guanghua Island (now called Lalu Island), the landmark of Sun Moon Lake in Yuchi Township, was destroyed, and the island area was also reduced. According to the records of central weather bureau Sun Moon Lake Meteorological Station, the horizontal maximum ground acceleration in this area reached 9.89 m/s? ; Many buildings in Zhushan Town collapsed; The external wall of Zhushan Xiuchuan Hospital cracked; The building of Cishan Hospital was also damaged.

Taichung city

Maximum seismic intensity: magnitude 7 is located in Shigang Township, Taichung County, namely Shigangba downstream of Dajiaxi. Because it is located on the Chelongpu fault zone, the sluice gates from 15 to 18 were destroyed in the earthquake, which is the teaching building of Guangfu junior high school in Wufeng Township, Taichung County.

The gate was broken and damaged, falling about five meters. The dam body is broken, the operation system is destroyed, and it is impossible to intercept. The distance from Guguan to Deji of Zhongheng Highway in Heping Township is about 27 kilometers, and many sections are covered by a lot of earth and stone. Among them, the first team of Fei Ying Mountaineering Team of Taiwan Mountain Association was buried alive on the mountain line at 6 1.5 km in Qingshan section, and 15 members were killed. More than 300 people died in dongshi town; Two "East Stone Dynasty" buildings in dongshi town collapsed, killing 28 people. The road outside the East Stone Forest was interrupted; Linjia Garden in Wufeng Township was destroyed by the earthquake; Guangfu junior high school classroom was seriously damaged, and the playground outside was squeezed and uplifted; Wufeng "Wanfo Temple" was razed to the ground; The building of "Golden Paris" community in Dali collapsed, killing 79 people; Two buildings of "Taichung Dynasty" collapsed, and the "Taichung Miracle" 1 building collapsed; Hundreds of people died in Taiping city; Three buildings of the "Life Park Building" built by Acer collapsed; More than 50 people died in Fengyuan/KLOC-0, and the building of Xiangyang Zhao Yong collapsed, killing 43 people. 1 13 people in taichung city were killed, most of them concentrated in the Tai Hang Mountain area. Dongshan junior high school and military primary school classrooms collapsed seriously; In addition, a building collapsed in Dechang New World Building on Wuquan South Road.

Taipei

Maximum earthquake intensity: Dongxing Building, located at the junction of Songshan District and Xinyi District in Taipei City, collapsed, killing 87 people, making it the single-family building with the largest number of casualties; Three buildings in the doctor's home in Xinzhuang City, Taipei County collapsed, killing 45 people.

Wulin

Maximum earthquake intensity: The "Zhongshan National Treasure Building" (Phase II) built by Han Ji Construction Company in Douliu City, Yunlin County, with magnitude 7, collapsed seriously, and 14 people were killed; The Guandi Building collapsed and nine people died; "Hanji Building" (branch of Yushan Commercial Bank in Douliu City) collapsed. Because it was an office building, no one was in it during the earthquake, so there were no casualties. China Petroleum (now PetroChina) Gukeng Township Office and Gukeng Business Office collapsed. The vicinity of Caoling in the upper reaches of Qingshui River, a tributary of Zhuoshui River, collapsed due to the earthquake. The amount of earth and stone collapsed is estimated to be1.200 million cubic meters, and 29 people were buried alive, which prevented the river from forming a dammed lake-Xincaoling Beach (which disappeared after the floods in July and February 2004).

Changhua

Maximum earthquake intensity: A 6-level building in Mingmen Building, Fu Gui, Longbang, Yuanlin Town, Changhua County ruptured and collapsed, killing 23 people.

Chiayi

Maximum earthquake intensity: Alishan Station of Alishan Forest Railway in Chiayi County was destroyed by the earthquake; 6 1 km, the rail of shielding section is twisted; Branch lines such as Sleeping Moon Line and Zhushan Line were also damaged by strong earthquakes. At the end of the branch line of the sleeping moon, the famous boulder, shaped like the "stone monkey" of an old monkey, was shaken.

Miaoli

Maximum earthquake intensity: about 100 houses collapsed in Zhuolan Town, Miaoli County.

aftershock

On the day of the 9.2 1 earthquake in Taiwan Province Province, there were quite a few aftershocks, the most influential one was at 02: 16 in the morning less than an hour later, with a magnitude of 6.8 on the Richter scale. This aftershock, which followed the main earthquake of magnitude 7.3, was the main reason for the damage to houses in the earthquake of magnitude 9.2 1. Then at 08: 14 on September 22nd, the Richter scale was 6.8. At 07: 15 on September 26th, the Richter scale reached 6.8. Except for the above three aftershocks, which reached 6.8 on the Richter scale, the remaining aftershocks exceeding 6.0 on the Richter scale were 0 1:57, 02:03, 05:46 and 6.3 on the morning of 265438 respectively. The strong earthquakes that occurred at 08:49 am, 6.2 am and 20: 17, 6.0 ... at 02:23 am on June 22, 20001Sunday were also aftershocks of the 92 1 earthquake, with a magnitude of 6.7 on the Richter scale. If all the felt and non-felt earthquakes of the 92 1 earthquake are really counted, it will probably reach 13500 times. At present, there are no aftershocks of the earthquake that can be compared with the number of aftershocks of this earthquake.

Get saved

On September 24th, Zhang Jingying, a 6-year-old boy from Dali City, Taichung County, was rescued from the ruins of the collapsed "Taichung Dynasty" building by a South Korean search and rescue team. On the morning of September 26th, 1 1: 15, two brothers, Sun Qifeng and Sun, who were studying in Southeast Technical College of Taipei County and Daan Senior High School of Taipei City, were rescued from the disaster area of Dongxinglou. These good news not only inspired the search and rescue team, but also ignited infinite hope for the families who were still trapped in the ruins and could only speak by the ruins. Dongxing Building is the worst-hit area in Taipei, with 73 people dead and 14 missing. At the same time, it is also a single-family building with the largest number of casualties caused by the 92 1 earthquake.

Power failure; blackout

Due to the earthquake damage of Zhongliao EHV substation in Zhongliao Township, Nantou County, the high voltage tower was damaged and the whole station was blacked out. After emergency repair, the power was cut off, and all the central electric towers were rushed through at 7: 00 pm on June 3 10. Due to the damage of Sino-Liaoning EHV substation, the transmission lines from south to north are affected, which leads to the separate operation of the north-south power supply system and the shortage of power supply in the northern urban area. Although the power supply has been restored, it continues to implement district power supply. Power generation: thermal power and nuclear power plants in the southern region are operating normally; In the northern region, there are hydraulic units such as Shimen, Emerald and Xiao Yi, nuclear power plants No.1 and No.2, Shehe No.1 and No.4 (Shehe No.2 was connected to the grid at 20: 50 on September 23rd), Linkou No.1 and No.2, Shen 'ao No.1 and No.2, Tongxiao Power Plant, etc., and the power supply is provided in parallel. In the central region, Taichung No.2 Middle School and No.6 Middle School were connected in parallel (06: 28 on September 24th). At 3: 00 pm on September 24th, the power generation in the central and northern regions was 6.79 million kWh, and the power load of the whole system was12.24 million kWh.

What happened in the end

Residents surnamed Feng, who lived in Zhongxing New Village in Nantou near the epicenter, recalled: "Shortly before the earthquake, the earth made a rumbling noise and began to shake before it could react; Residents fled the house in a hurry, only to see the buildings on the roadside, like dominoes, falling down one after another; The scene is shocking. It's really amazing. Wang Xing, an officer who lives in Taipei, said: "Shortly before the incident, there was a short power outage of about half a minute, and the power was immediately restored, but then the power was cut off again, then it shook up and down, and then the aftershocks continued. Shortly after the earthquake, China Broadcasting Corporation reported that Dongxing Building in Taipei caught fire. At that time, the people in the north did not know the disaster situation in the central part, but only guessed that the earthquake was serious. The magic designer who lived in the downtown area of Taichung at that time said: I was playing video games on the computer that night, and suddenly all the lights in the room flashed (about a second or two), and the screen in front of me suddenly lit up again. Just when I didn't understand the situation, a voice came first and then began to tremble. I live on the top floor, so my mother and brother staggered downstairs and rushed to the third floor of my house to hide with other family members. The radio only heard chaos from all over the world, and then there was no electricity for several days, and the school (Feng Jia University) was closed for two weeks. At that time, information transmission and traffic immediately returned to a very primitive state. Everyone was at a loss all day, just worried that there would be more aftershocks-magic designer 06: 340410 (UTC) 060921. About two hours after the earthquake, the military was ordered to locate at 6 am, and Taiwan Province leader Lee Teng-hui arrived at the disaster area in Nantou at 9 am. The authorities used the emergency reserve fund the next day to provide 2 million yuan to the village heads of townships for disaster relief. On September 25th, the leaders of Taiwan Province Province issued an urgent order to reduce administrative procedures and speed up disaster relief, which was approved by the Legislative Yuan on September 28th. Soon, rescue teams from all over the world arrived in Taiwan Province Province to help with the disaster relief. Disaster relief and fund-raising activities are in full swing everywhere, but some people still think that the authorities' ability to deal with emergencies needs to be strengthened. Among them, a helicopter of Lee Teng-hui, the leader of Taiwan Province Province, accidentally blew down a tree when landing, resulting in the death of a little girl. After the earthquake, people in Taiwan Province Province learned the power of the earthquake, and began to think deeply about the importance of earthquake prevention, and began to review the earthquake prevention measures in buildings or other places.

follow-up action

On September 2 1 day, most areas in Taiwan Province stopped working and attending classes. About two hours after the earthquake, the military was ordered to locate at 6 am, and Lee Teng-hui, the top leader of Taiwan Province Province, arrived in the disaster area of Nantou at 9 am. On September 22nd, the government used contingency reserve arrangement to provide 2 million yuan for disaster relief to village heads. In addition, rescue teams from all over the world have arrived in Taiwan Province Province from today to help with disaster relief. Fund-raising activities for disaster relief in various places are in full swing, but some people still think that the government's emergency response capability needs to be strengthened. Among them, a plane tree was blown down by a helicopter led by Lee Teng-hui, the supreme leader of Taiwan Province Province (the second army patrol escort) when landing, and a little girl Lai Yijun was unfortunately crushed to death. On September 25th, the top leaders of Taiwan Province Province issued an emergency order to reduce administrative procedures and speed up disaster relief, which was approved by the legislature on September 28th. Because all the buildings collapsed in Douliu City were built by Hanji Construction, many people questioned that the project was seriously cutting corners. In August 2005, Liu, the person in charge of Hanji Construction, and more than ten architects and supervisors were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 9 years to 1 year and 2 months respectively for the crime of negligent death.

commemorate

September 2 1 every year is designated as disaster prevention day. The "921 Earthquake Education Park" was set up in the original site of Guangfu Middle School in Wufeng Township, Taichung County, and the school was damaged by the earthquake.

Assistance from all parties

After the 92 1 earthquake, Chinese mainland, Hongkong and other countries expressed concern and began to raise relief funds.

Hong Kong

Tung Chee-hwa, then Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, issued a statement on the day of the earthquake, expressing "great concern" about the severe earthquake in Taiwan Province Province. He also expressed deep condolences to the families of the victims in the earthquake and hoped that the injured would recover as soon as possible. After the' 92 1 earthquake, the Hong Kong Performing Arts Association took the lead in launching the' 92 1 Heart-to-Heart Action of Hong Kong Performing Arts' to raise reconstruction expenses for the earthquake victims, and held a benefit performance at the Hung Hom Gymnasium in Hong Kong, and tied a yellow ribbon on the stage to express hope and support. More than 250 artists from Hong Kong and Taiwan, including Andy Lau, Jacky Cheung, Aaron Kwok, Anita Mui, Sammi Cheng, Zhao Wei, Ruby Lin, Stephen Chow and Ren Xianqi, attended the benefit performance that night. In terms of cities, Hong Kong is also the city with the largest donation, with * * * raising over HK$ 6,543,800+0,600. Love is in this city, the theme song of Emil Wakin Chau 92 1 heart-to-heart action, was originally recorded in 1989, and his album "the truest dream" was selected as the theme song of the annual Taiwan provincial games, and won the best single award of the year in the second golden melody award on 1990. This song was adapted and arranged by Hong Kong Lyrics Week, and was sung by many Hong Kong singers, including more than 30 singers including Anita Mui, Jacky Cheung, Andy Lau,,,, Joey Yung, Li Huimin, Zhao Xueer, Chen Xiaodong and Kelly Chen, including Emil Wakin Chau who returned to Hong Kong to participate in the recording.

Send a rescue team

During the earthquake relief, many countries sent search and rescue teams and dogs to Taiwan Province Province. After coming to Taiwan Province, they were stationed at different disaster sites, mainly the site of building collapse. Advanced search and rescue tools, well-trained search and rescue dogs and professional rescue attitude have won the admiration of people in Taiwan Province Province. At that time, 2 1 country and 38 rescue teams came to Taiwan Province. Countries sending rescue teams include Japan (145), the United States (93), Russia (73), Switzerland (40), Singapore (39), Turkey (36), Spain (28), Germany (2 1) and South Korea.

affect

92 1 impact

The earthquake made the residents of Taiwan Province Province understand the power of the earthquake, and began to think deeply about the importance of earthquake prevention, and began to review the earthquake prevention measures in buildings or other places. In addition, after the earthquake, the government began to pay attention to earthquake prevention education, strengthen the propaganda of earthquake prevention and disaster prevention, and incorporated this lesson into teaching materials.