I. Definition of health
(A) the World Health Organization's definition of health
The definition of health by the World Health Organization: "Health is a state of perfect body and mind and good adaptability, not just a state without disease and weakness." This is what people call physical and mental health, that is, a person is completely healthy if he is sound in four aspects: physical health, mental health, good social adaptation and moral health. Some people explain these aspects of health as follows.
Physical health: generally refers to the physical health of the human body.
Mental health: generally there are three signs:
First, a mentally healthy person has a complete personality and a good sense of self. Emotional stability, more positive emotions than degraded emotions, good self-control ability and psychological balance. Have self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence and self-knowledge.
Second, a person has a full sense of security in his own environment, and can maintain normal interpersonal relationships and receive other welcome and information.
Third, healthy people have clear life goals for the future, can seek truth from facts, keep forging ahead, and pursue their ideals and careers.
Good social adaptation: refers to a person's psychological activities and behaviors, which can adapt to the complex environmental changes at that time, be understood by others, and be accepted by everyone.
Moral health: The most important thing is not to meet your own needs at the expense of others. You have the concept of distinguishing between true and false, good and evil, honor and disgrace, beauty and ugliness. You can restrain and control your behavior according to the norms that society considers to be standardized, and you can contribute to people's happiness.
(B) China scholar Mu proposed the definition of health.
Mu Wujun, a scholar in China, put forward the definition of health: "Try to make yourself in a good state in time, space, body, spirit and behavior." His explanation for this is as follows:
Time concept: refers to the fact that health cannot be measured by the same standard in different periods of personal or social development. Health can not be regarded as a static thing, but should be understood as a constantly changing concept. He believes that "the World Health Organization's definition of health is doubtful for individuals or society, regardless of whether there has been or will be a transient state of' physical, mental and social integrity' in the past. That is not and cannot be a way of life. " The new concept of health emphasizes the importance of time, that is, the relativity of health concept.
Spatial concept: People in different regions and countries have different health concepts and health standards. This does not mean that people have no concept of health to follow. Should be divided into different regions and countries, as far as possible to achieve their own good state. In developed countries and underdeveloped countries, people's needs for health care are different. As a health educator, we should formulate health care behavior according to space. Health is not determined by subjective or objective things. Some tuberculosis patients have no symptoms, but chest radiographs show tuberculosis lesions; Some mental patients, I didn't realize I was sick, but people around me found him sick; Many patients think they are unhealthy, but many tests have found nothing unusual. At present, there is no standard to distinguish these. We might as well discuss the concept of health from the perspectives of body, spirit and behavior, combined with subjective manifestations and objective signs. The concepts of body and mind are easier to understand. Behavior is a person's motivation and motivation to assume the responsibilities and obligations entrusted to him in social life. Behavior is social, and everyone's behavior will inevitably be influenced by others. Health is an individual concept.
When considering health, we must distinguish between group health and individual health. The population health adopts statistical average, that is, the health in a certain period should be normal within a certain range, and if it deviates, it will be abnormal; However, it is not necessarily unhealthy for an individual to deviate from the normal value. As an individual, the standard of health is unique to one person. Individual health is realistic and group health is ideal. In addition, we must combine the Charter of the World Health Organization and the requirement of health care for all in the year 2000, and understand from the height of the international community that enjoying the highest standard of health is regarded as a basic human right; Health is an integral part of social development: health is a human obligation, and everyone enjoys equal health rights.
(3) Ten health standards proposed by the World Health Organization
(1) energetic, able to cope with the pressure of daily life and work without feeling too nervous.
(2) Optimistic and positive, willing to take responsibility and not picky about everything.
(3) Be good at rest and have a good sleep.
(4) Strong adaptability to various changes in the environment.
(5) It can resist the common cold and infectious diseases.
(6) Proper weight, uniform figure, and coordinated position of head, shoulders and arms when standing.
(7) The eyes are bright, the reaction is acute, and the eyelids are not inflamed.
(8) clean teeth, no tooth decay, no pain; The gum color is normal and there is no bleeding.
(9) The hair is shiny without dandruff.
(10) Muscle and skin are elastic, and walking is easy and powerful.
However, health standards have different requirements for people of different ages and genders. According to the age classification of the World Health Organization, people before the age of 44 are classified as young people; People between the ages of 45 and 59 are classified as middle-aged people; People aged 60-74 are older (getting older gradually); People aged 75-89 are old; People over 90 years old live a long life.
1. Health essentials of young people
(1) Correct diet: Keeping a balanced and regular diet during adolescence will help you stay healthy now and in the future.
(2) Drink correctly: Clean water and fruit juice are good for health. Don't drink, it's unwise to get drunk.
(3) Do you smoke? Please don't smoke if you want to be attractive.
(4) Relax properly: Talking with others through sports, music, art and reading can help you become a person with a wide range of interests.
(5) Positive self-confidence: positive, confident and creative, and cherish youth.
(6) know how to control; You can think twice before you act. Most accidents can be avoided.
(7) Responsible sexual behavior: Know your own sexual behavior and be responsible for it.
(8) Exercise is good: exercise can make you healthy and feel comfortable; Everyone who participates in sports can win health.
(9) Walking: Walking is a gentle exercise, and walking can make you feel comfortable.
(10) drug abuse: drug abuse is a dead end, so you should say "no" firmly and confidently.
2. Key points of health for the elderly
(1) Reasonable diet: eat less and eat more. Eat low-fat food with balanced nutrition.
(2) Appropriate drinking: drink more water and drink less beer, fruit wine and white wine.
(3) Smoking: Quit smoking sooner or later. Smoking will increase your risk of heart disease or cancer and shorten your life span.
(4) Walking: The best way to stay alert, flexible and healthy when walking. Fresh air is better than tonic.
(5) Seek more fun: keep in touch with family and friends' neighbors. Remember to live, study and teach.
(6) Positive self-confidence: Cheerfulness and optimism make people easy to get close to you.
(7) Always be careful: Your life and other people's lives depend on your clear mind and clear vision.
(8) Sexual life: There is no age limit for sexual life.
(9) Exercise is good for you: Less strenuous exercise is good for your health, and it can also bring you into contact with other people. Swimming and adaptive exercise are especially recommended.
3. Key points of male health
(1) Proper diet: Know what to eat and when not to eat.
(2) Drink water correctly: drink at least two liters of liquid-mainly water-every day. Alcohol and driving are incompatible.
(3) Smoking: Smoking and chewing tobacco are unsanitary and annoying. This will do serious harm to yourself and the people around you.
(4) Walking: Take a walk as often as possible.
(5) Find time for entertainment: Find time to enjoy the fun of family life, cultivate interest and learn new skills.
(6) Self-confidence: Openness is more effective than the opposite behavior. Smiling can communicate feelings.
(7) Be careful in everything: whether you are driving, working or at home, you should put safety first, avoid fatigue and be vigilant.
(8) Sexual life: Everyone can only have one sexual partner.
(9) Exercise: Exercise is good for physical and mental health.
(10) Drugs: Don't use or abuse drugs illegally. Remember that you can set an example for young people.
4. Key points of women's health
(1) Correct diet: Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is particularly important. Be sure to supplement enough vitamins and minerals.
(2) Drink water correctly: drink at least two liters of liquid-mainly water-every day. If you are pregnant, alcohol is especially harmful to you and your fetus.
(3) Smoking: For the health of yourself (especially if you are taking oral contraceptives), your family and unborn children-don't smoke.
(4) Walking: Take a walk as often as possible, especially after menopause. Walking can strengthen your bones.
(5) Arrange leisure time: cultivate a variety of interests in addition to daily regular activities.
(6) Constructiveness: When sharing troubles and accidents for relatives and friends, constructiveness means love and care, and smiling is easy to communicate feelings.
In a word, health is a valuable social wealth of human beings and a basic element of human survival and development. Health level reflects the level of life movement, and the coordination, exuberance and longevity of life movement show a good state of health. According to the information provided by the World Health Organization, people's life expectancy is increasing. When the global mortality rate drops below 1.5‰, all lifestyle-related diseases appear. Diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyles have become the enemy that affects people's health all over the world. It is also emphasized that diet and exercise are the main factors to promote people's health. The occurrence of "lifestyle disease" is closely related to the progress of human civilization, so it is also called "civilization disease". The key is social factors, especially unscientific and unhealthy lifestyle and ecological environment. These factors mainly include unbalanced diet, neglect of nutrition and hygiene, alcoholism, smoking, laziness, lack of exercise and so on.
Second, the level of health.
(A) health classification
There are various classifications of health from different purposes and different angles. As shown in the table:
Table classification of several health degrees
1 2 degrees 3 degrees 4 degrees
Special health, general health, attention (restriction of exercise), protection (prohibition of exercise), disease (treatment)
Healthy and weak
Theoretically, although there are first-class special healthy people and second-class normal healthy people in the classification, it is not easy to distinguish them clearly in sports. In daily life, the healthy, the sick and the infirm are different from each other, and the health level can be improved and restored through physical exercise and exercise therapy.
(2) Health level evaluation standard 1. Evaluation standard of group health. The evaluation standard of group health level in a country or a certain region mainly depends on four indicators: average life expectancy, prevalence rate, medical treatment rate and mortality rate. 2. Individual health evaluation criteria. It mainly depends on whether the main system and organ functions of the individual are normal, whether there are diseases, physical condition and physical strength level.
(III) Healthy Lifestyle Dr. Lester Bresno from the Department of Public Health, University of California, USA conducted a nine-year study on about 7,000 male and female residents with different classes and lifestyles, aged 1 1 ~ 75 years old. The results show that people's daily life style has far more influence on health than all drugs.
On this basis, Dr. Lester and his collaborators developed a simple and healthy lifestyle, as follows:
(1) Sleep for 7-8 hours every day.
(2) Regular breakfast.
(3) Eat less and eat more meals (4-6 meals a day).
(4) Don't smoke.
(5) Do not drink alcohol or drink a little.
(6) Weight control (not less than 10% of standard weight and not more than 20%).
(7) Exercise regularly (the amount of exercise is suitable for my physical condition).
In addition, have a physical examination at least once a year. Dr. Bresno pointed out that it is suitable for people of all ages, especially those whose physical function is in decline. If you can follow the above seven habits to live, you will benefit for life. Generally speaking, people over the age of 55 will live 7 ~ 10 years longer than those who only follow three or less habits if they can live according to the above six to seven habits.