Mr. Lu's scholarship is mainly poetry. He pointed out that the most important thing to appreciate Tang poetry and Song poetry is to understand its image and artistic conception.
Image is an artistic image produced by the combination of a writer's subjective feelings and the objects and images he describes.
There must be a writer's subjective feeling in the image, so the image is different from the general literary image, people, things, environment and so on. Created by novels and narrative poems-these can only be called images-the word image refers to the images of mixed scenes in lyric literary works such as poems.
The word "artistic conception", or "realm", is the most important and core theoretical category in China's ancient literary theory, and it is a theoretical summary of the aesthetic characteristics of China's outstanding lyric literary works by ancient China writers and artists. In other words, it is most important to appreciate ancient poetry and artistic conception.
Artistic conception is a special artistic world, or heaven and earth, produced by the mutual blending of subject and object (I and things, meaning and image, emotion and scenery) in literary and artistic creation.
The surface media to construct this artistic world-language and writing are often concise, but rich in connotation, including not only layered images, but also endless feelings and profound philosophy.
For example, in Professor Lu's favorite poem "Jinse", Jinse, Zhuang Meng, Chun Xin, the sea moon and the warmth of Lantian are all images, and these beautiful images together constitute a profound artistic conception.
In ancient poetry, the existence of images and artistic conception is the key to determine the level of poetry. Mr. Lu, for example, in his poem Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Li Bai used the image of "Galaxy" to describe the waterfall, forming a magnificent artistic conception;
Wanglushan Waterfall
The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain.
On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
Although Xu Ning's Lushan Waterfall is magnificent, it is detrimental to the artistic conception to take "white practice" or "white cloth" as the image.
Lushan Waterfall
Vanity falls into the spring, and thunder rushes into the river.
In ancient times, it was as long as white, and a boundary cut off the green hills.
Speaking of "white practice", Professor Lu also talked about the image of "white practice" when he wrote modern poems in the past, which was criticized by Mr. Lu. Because I haven't seen Su Shi's later criticism of Xu Ning's poems, Gai's image is not good:
Play Xu Ning Waterfall Poems
In ancient times, there were only immortal words.
What do you know about flying and splashing? Don't wash evil poems for Xu Ning.
Su Shi himself has Lushan poems:
Topic Xilin wall
Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces.
I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
However, in terms of image, this poem is not good, which is purely reasonable. Song people wrote poems like this because they found that metrical poems had been done by the Tang people and could not be surpassed, so they used poems to explain the reason.
In fact, the poems of Song people are played with words, such as Su Shi's Mid-Autumn Festival poems:
Mid-Autumn Festival with Water Tune
Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drink heartily and get drunk. The author of this article is.
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight? I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find the shadow, what is it like!
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope that people will live for a long time and have a good scenery!
The image of this word is cold, the artistic conception is sad but not hurt, and the thought is not depressed, which can be described as the finale of Song Ci. In contrast, Xin Jiaxuan's Poem for the Moon:
Magnolia is slow and pitiful.
Cherish this evening and the moon, where to wander? Is there another world where I can meet you, and the situation is the East? Or outside the vast universe, there is nothing but vastness to take this beautiful moon away? It is like a mirror that flies to the sky, but it won't fall off. Who tied it with an invisible long rope? Chang 'e in the Moon Palace is still unmarried. Who kept her?
I heard that the moon swam across the bottom of the sea, but I can't see why. This is an unpredictable thing, but also a worrying and terrible thing. I'm afraid that the whale in the sea will hit the Jade Palace and Qionglou in the Moon Palace. From the bottom of the sea, water won't worry about water, but did rabbits ever learn to swim? If all this is safe, why does it gradually become a link?
This word imitates Qu Yuan's Tian Wen, and it is sent to the moon for a long time. It's really interesting and interesting, so it won the appreciation of Mr. Wang Guowei, who thinks it contains the scientific truth that the moon goes around the earth.
But from the perspective of image, this word is not a good word, because there is no image and no artistic conception.
Experience:
After listening to Professor Lu's lecture, I realized that I don't know poetry. However, after listening to Professor Lu's lecture, I also have two magic weapons to appreciate poetry: body image and artistic conception. When you see a good poem in the future, you can't clap your thighs and say, "Shit, that's great!" " Anyway, I have to say, "This poem is like sadness and beauty (beautiful, sad, magnificent, majestic ...)" and "profound artistic conception (deep, long, far ...)" or what? However, Professor Lu also stressed that the realm is not just for people to see!
As a layman who runs around for food and clothing all day, coming to this elegant place and listening to the elegant lectures of top literature professors has a sense of "stealing half a day's leisure" and "washing away the secular dust".