1936 graduated from Tongji university, majoring in bridge engineering and structural mechanics from 1938 to 1945, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany. He received a doctorate in engineering and a doctorate in chartered education in 1940 and 1942 respectively, and published an important paper, Practical Calculation Method of Suspension Bridges Based on Second-Order Theory. After returning from 1946, Brandon Lee successively served as an engineer of Shanghai Works Bureau and a professor of Tongji University. 1977- 1984 was the president, and 1994 was elected as the first academician of China Academy of Engineering. [ 1]
Brandon Lee is mainly engaged in teaching and research in the fields of civil engineering and bridge engineering. He advocated and personally organized and implemented the "two transformations" of Tongji University, which had a long-term and far-reaching impact on the development of Tongji University. Its bridge engineering specialty has reached the leading level in China and has great influence in the world. He is one of the top ten famous structural engineering experts in the world. [2]
19 13 April 13, Brandon Lee was born in a poor peasant family in Li Antang Village, Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province. My father participated in the Revolution of 1911 in his early years, and then came to Indonesia to run a small grocery store. My mother is a peasant woman. When Brandon Lee was five years old, she went to primary school in the village and helped her mother with housework and farm work after school. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, Brandon Lee entered the second grade of Meizhou Middle School and stayed in the school for three years. Brandon Lee achieved excellent results and won the prize of the whole school speech contest.
At the age of 16, Brandon Lee turned his eyes to the outside world. When I was a freshman, I left Meizhou and went to Shanghai alone, and was admitted to Tongji University successfully.
I studied in the German preparatory class for two years, and I learned English and German when I graduated from the preparatory class, which laid the foundation for further study, further study and international academic exchange. Brandon Lee chose engineering when he entered Tongji University, and switched from mechanical engineering to civil engineering when he was divided into subjects in the third grade. Brandon Lee 1936
/kloc-Brandon Lee, 0/6 years old.
Graduated with honors from. His internship experience on the eve of graduation determines his future career direction: he worked in the construction site of Qiantang River Bridge in Hangzhou for one month, and bridge design has occupied an important position in his life since then. [4]
Academician Brandon Lee is with foreign experts.
1In the autumn of 938, Brandon Lee won the Humboldt Scholarship from Germany and went to the Stade University of Technology in Damme, Germany for further study. During his study abroad, his performance and potential attracted the attention of Kerebel, a newly appointed professor of civil engineering. Crabbe, eager for talents, took a fancy to Brandon Lee and recruited him to study for a doctorate.
1in the spring of 939, Brandon Lee started his doctoral thesis research in connection with the suspension bridge project with a main span of 800 meters to be built in Hamburg at that time. He realized from the elastic bending differential equation of the second-order theory that the stress of a suspension bridge is equivalent to a beam bearing both vertical load and axial tension. This leads to the doctoral thesis "Practical Calculation Method of Suspension Bridges Based on Second-order Theory", which is novel in concept and method, and has been verified by model tests, thus obtaining a doctorate in engineering with excellent results. The paper was published in the journal of steel structure. This year, Brandon Lee just turned 26.
1939 World War II broke out in an all-round way. After receiving his doctor's degree, Brandon Lee could not return to China and stayed in the teaching and research section in Kerebel for scientific research. 1942, Brandon Lee became the first China student to receive the degree of "Doctor of Chartered Teaching Engineering" in Germany with his thesis "Geometric Methods of Steel Structure Analysis". Dr. Shuang has made creative achievements in the stability analysis of suspension bridges, truss bridges and structures. His paper is still a precious historical legacy of the classic second-order theory of suspension bridges, and it has been cited by textbooks in various countries, especially in Germany, where the "suspension bridge Li" is widely circulated in the civil engineering field. [4]
After World War II, Brandon Lee and his wife boarded an American military train and rushed to Paris. Ye Jingen gave birth to Li Guihua on his way home. A few months later, they sailed from France to Vietnam and arrived in Saigon (now renamed Ho Chi Minh City) on March 1946.
Soon, Brandon Lee returned to China from Saigon with Ye Jingen and Li Guihua. And Liu Xian's family. After arriving in Shanghai, he waited in the soup kitchen for three days. Zhao Zukang, director of the Ministry of Industry, arranged for him to enter the Structure Department of the Works Bureau. Later Tongji University moved back to Shanghai from Sichuan. From 65438 to 0946, Brandon Lee returned to his alma mater and became the director of the Department of Civil Engineering. 1946 as an engineer of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Works. [4]
Comrade Brandon Lee.
1948, Dean of Engineering College of Tongji University.
1952, after the adjustment of the department, he was appointed as the provost of Tongji University to lead the professional construction of the school and establish the bridge engineering specialty. /kloc-0 joined the China Democratic League in May, 953. 1955 was elected as the first member (academician) of China Academy of Sciences, and served as a member of the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in the same year. 1955 began to train graduate students in bridge engineering. 1956, successively served as vice president and first vice president of Tongji University, and director of the State Council Science Development Planning Commission. /kloc-0 joined the China * * * production party in February, 956. 1958 Director of Technical Advisory Committee of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. Shanghai Mechanics Society was founded in 1959 and served as the first director.
From 65438 to 0977, he served as president of Tongji University. He presided over the formulation of Tongji University's motto of "Strictness, Realism, Unity and Innovation" and put forward the policy of "two transformations" to restore the tradition of German teaching and close contact with Germany and the development orientation of Tongji University as a comprehensive university. From 65438 to 0979, he served as the second chairman of Shanghai Science and Technology Association and the chief consultant of Baosteel Advisory Committee.
198 1 year argued that the Baosteel project should not be dismounted and the project should continue to be built. 65438-0982, Brandon Lee was appointed as the second vice president of the theoretical and applied mechanics Institution in China. 1April 1983 to1April 1988, served as the chairman of the 6th Shanghai CPPCC. 1984, he ceased to be the president of Tongji University and became the honorary president. Since 1987, he has been the project team leader of Shanghai nanpu bridge, Shanghai Yangpu Bridge, Shantou Bay Bridge and Humen Pearl River Bridge, the chief consultant of Guangdong Lingdingyang Bridge Engineering Advisory Committee, and the expert group leader of Shanghai-Chongming Highway Crossing Scheme Comparison Meeting.
1994 was elected as the first academician of China Academy of Engineering. 1996-2002 served as the expert group leader of all previous demonstration and pre-evaluation meetings of Yangshan deepwater port project of Shanghai International Shipping Center. In 2000, they and Academician 14 jointly wrote to the central leadership, suggesting to speed up the construction of Yangshan deepwater port. In 2002, he served as honorary consultant of Donghai Bridge.
On February 23rd, 2005, 17: 37, a generation of bridge masters died in Shanghai Huadong Hospital at the age of 92. [4]
Major achievement editor
Teaching achievement
In the history of Tongji University, Brandon Lee played the longest and far-reaching role. Brandon Lee has played an important role in the construction and development of Tongji University. His major in bridge engineering has reached the leading level in China and has a great influence in the world.
Give an academic report at Tongji University.
He advocated and personally organized and implemented the "two transformations" of Tongji University, led the school to restore its contact with Germany and changed the teaching tradition in Germany, from a single-discipline university with civil engineering as the main subject to a multi-discipline university with science and engineering as the main subject. The strategic concept of "two transformations" has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of Tongji University's all-round and international construction pattern. He proposed to build two centers of teaching and scientific research, and organized a large number of scientific and technological personnel in the school to take the lead in economic construction, which promoted the close combination of teaching, scientific research and economic construction. He also participated in the construction planning of Huangpu River Bridge in Shanghai and the construction demonstration of Baosteel. In order to realize the concept of a comprehensive university and restore the medical profession, he visited all over the world, made extensive contacts with alumni and recommended outstanding talents. During this period, the school experienced many major events, including the democratic election of the principal, "2 1 1 project", "985 project", two mergers and so on.
Theoretical achievements
1, a practical method of displacement theory of suspension bridge
Brandon Lee found in the practical method of studying the deflection theory of suspension bridge:
(1) The nonlinear term caused by the displacement of suspension bridge is equivalent to the effect that the horizontal tension of the main cable directly acts on the stiffening beam. According to this discovery, the equivalent model not only reveals the mechanical essence of suspension bridge, but also simplifies this complex structural analysis at once, especially paving the way for vibration analysis.
(2) Although the existence of nonlinear term invalidates the superposition principle, the influence line is the basis for determining the most unfavorable loading position in bridge calculation. Considering that the live load of long-span suspension bridge is less than the dead load, Brandon Lee put forward the concept of "singular" influence line to linearize the nonlinear problem in a limited range.
(3) In order to reduce the difficulty of repeated trial and iterative calculation, Brandon Lee found the method of calculating by cubic linear theory and then interpolating to solve the problem.
The above three basic ideas constitute the skeleton of his practice method. This is a breakthrough of great significance in the early 1940s. Nowadays, with the popularization of computers, people can easily carry out all kinds of complicated nonlinear analysis, but Brandon Lee's contribution is of eternal significance in methodology, and his paper is still cited as a valuable historical legacy of the classical second-order theory of suspension bridges by various countries. Especially in Germany, the reputation of "suspension bridge Li" has been circulating in the civil engineering field. [7]
2. Structural stability theory
In the early 1940s, the Euler critical force of the ideal central compression bar, that is, the first kind of stable branch buckling load, has been mastered by the engineering community, while the research on the second kind of stable collapse load of eccentric compression bar is still in the exploratory stage. At that time, there was still a lack of clear understanding of whether there were branch points, including some frames and arches, in the compression-bending members.
The importance of Brandon Lee's participation in DIN4 1 14 specification lies in distinguishing two different stability problems. In 1943, in the form of energy variation, he put forward the article "Sufficient Criterion of Elastic Equilibrium Branches", and expounded the essential difference and criterion between them from a theoretical height. His research shows that the equilibrium described by homogeneous equation is a special case of the equilibrium described by other possible non-homogeneous equations or integral equations. The condition that the equilibrium point has bifurcation point is that the given equilibrium state does not contain the deformation component in the form of the lowest eigenfunction of the system.
Although the criterion does not provide a specific stability checking method, it has universal guiding significance. It is suitable for practical structures with initial bending or torsion, such as warping of plates, inclination of beams, buckling of arches and rigid frames, bending-torsion buckling of rods and lateral stability of truss bridges. [8]
3. Continuity analysis method of discrete bar system structure and bending-torsion theory of truss beam.
Truss is a discrete bar system structure. In the 1940s before the advent of computers, it was a very heavy task to analyze statically indeterminate truss structures with classical force method, even if it was only a dozen times. 1943, when Brandon Lee analyzed a complex rhombic truss system with multiple web members, he thought of the "membrane theory" used to deal with the suspenders of suspension bridges at that time, and changed the discrete truss system into a continuous system, which was treated by differential equations. He carefully deduced the equivalent relationship of stiffness conversion and repeatedly verified it with model tests. After many improvements, he finally reached the agreement between theory and experiment, and wrote a paper entitled "New Calculation Method of Truss and Similar Systems", which opened up a new way for truss structure analysis and built a bridge between discrete structure and continuous structure. Thirty years later, Brandon Lee took up this weapon again, and linked the truss bridge, a spatial bar system structure, with the bending and torsion theory of closed thin-walled members, and established the "bending and torsion theory of truss beams", which systematically solved the whole set of calculation methods for spatial analysis, stability analysis and vibration analysis of truss structures. At the same time, it also expounds the essence of the shaking phenomenon of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.
Brandon Lee also introduced the new concept of finite element method into the analysis of truss bridges. He divided the continuous truss structure into segments and established a special "truss finite element", which contained the necessary displacement parameters to reflect the warping and distortion of the truss section. The segmented discrete element is convenient to deal with the actual situation of variable cross-section and multi-span continuity, and considers the mutual combination of truss beam, arch and suspension cable, reaching a flexible realm. Especially for stability and vibration analysis, it can not only greatly save calculation time, but also get accurate results. [9]
4. Bridge vibration theory
In 1930s, the problem of forced vibration and impact coefficient of railway bridges when steam engines pull trains through was a very hot frontier topic, and no one thought of studying the vibration of such a complex structure as suspension bridges. He quickly found out the natural vibration characteristics of suspension bridges, and successfully transplanted inglis into the vibration theory of beam bridges, and got a satisfactory answer.
In 1950s, he extended the vibration theory of suspension bridge to "the vibration problem of arch bridge".
In 1960s, he undertook the research task of structural explosion resistance. The essence of structural anti-explosion problem involves elastic-plastic vibration mechanics, soil dynamics and explosion wave mechanics of reinforced concrete underground protection structure, which is a frontier nonlinear vibration discipline. Brandon Lee made Tongji University gradually become one of the research centers of protection engineering and earthquake engineering in China.
Starting from 1978, facing the increasing number of long-span cable-stayed bridges in China, Brandon Lee started with the finite element method of dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridges, which opened up a new field of bridge wind resistance research. After years of hard work, a group of talents have been trained; In the field of bridge wind-induced vibration theory, a new concept of "multi-modal coupled flutter" is creatively put forward, which clarifies some fuzzy problems caused by the direct application of suspension bridge flutter theory to cable-stayed bridges in the world. The experimental method and numerical calculation method of flutter analysis are improved, which not only occupies a leading position in China, but also attracts the attention of international engineering circles.
In 1988, Brandon Lee explored the post-flutter performance of cable-stayed bridges, which has never been studied before. The purpose is to make the cable-stayed bridge, an economical and reasonable bridge type, develop to a larger span and maximize its wind resistance potential. His theoretical research has made great achievements, and it is clarified that the reason why the vibration of cable-stayed bridge does not diverge rapidly after flutter is due to the nonlinearity of the "effective elastic modulus" of cables, rather than the so-called "system damping" that does not exist in practice.
In the field of structural vibration, his contributions cover various aspects such as vehicle impact resistance, explosion resistance, earthquake resistance and wind resistance. From the approximate analytical method based on variational principle to the numerical solution of finite element, he experienced two different times before and after the computer. He is not only a master of driving classic technology, but also an expert in using new technology. [ 10]
5. The transverse load distribution theory of beam bridge and the spatial analysis of bridge.
Bridge is a kind of spatial structure. In order to flatten the spatial analysis, it is necessary to calculate the lateral distribution of load. Scholars from all over the world have formed many factions in the process of dealing with this problem. Most of their mechanical models are approximate, and they all have their own shortcomings. In the early 1970s, when Brandon Lee was sent to work on Zhenbei Yellow River Bridge, the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods were analyzed and compared in combination with engineering practice, and a new beam system model was put forward. The principle of this model is simple, and it can also be generalized to all other calculation methods. The characteristic of this mechanical model is that the bridge deck is cut longitudinally to form each main girder unit, and the stiffness of several diaphragm beams is distributed to the bridge deck. Normal force and longitudinal shear force are ignored in cutting plate joints, and only two vertical shear forces and bending moments which play a major role in load distribution are reserved. Finally, using the basic assumption of calculating the lateral distribution of load: replacing the actual train load with sinusoidal load, the calculation is practical. Through the model test, the rationality and sufficient accuracy of this method are verified, and a convenient chart is further compiled. The new beam system model is closest to the actual bridge, and its accuracy is higher than that of the beam grid system model. It overcomes the shortcoming that the anisotropic plate model needs to be converted back and forth, and also reflects the important role of a few diaphragm beams in the calculation. For the commonly used articulated slab and articulated T-beam bridge, as long as the bending moment in slab joint is further omitted. Thus, in 1977, the publication of Brandon Lee's book "Calculation of Lateral Load Distribution of Highway Bridges" became the final summary of this traditional project that lasted for 30 years.
1978, Brandon Lee also published the article "Theoretical Analysis of Lateral Load Distribution of Arch Bridges", which greatly improved the calculation methods of very rough lateral load distribution commonly used in arch bridge design at that time, such as average distribution method or rigid distribution method. Arch bridge is a structure subjected to both axial force and bending moment, and its load distribution law is different from that of beam bridge. In theoretical analysis, all internal forces between adjacent arch elements must be considered. Brandon Lee extended the analysis method of beam bridge to arch bridge, established this theory, and verified this theory with field test results. 1989, he further popularized this analysis method and completed the research on the calculation of lateral load distribution of curved bridges.
In Brandon Lee's contribution to the spatial analysis of bridges, besides what he said in the Theory of Bending and Torsion of Truss Beams, he should especially mention his article "Bending Theory of Oblique Anisotropic Plates and Its Application in Inclined Bridges" published in 1958. In view of the actual structure of skew bridge, he extended the theory of orthotropic plate to the bending theory of skew anisotropic plate through oblique coordinates, making the theory of isotropic skew plate and the theory of skew beam lattice system two special cases. Brandon Lee's pioneering work quickly attracted the attention of foreign mechanics workers, and was cited by academic circles in the name of "Lee's Theory". [ 1 1]
Thesis works
Main thesis
1939 practical calculation method of suspension bridge based on second-order theory
1942 geometric method for steel structure analysis
1943 "a new method for structural analysis of trusses and similar systems"
main work
1952, the first Chinese textbook "Design of Steel Structure" and "Design of Steel Bridge" written by China people in this field were published one after another.
1973 torsion theory of truss beam-torsion, stability and vibration of truss beam,
Brandon Lee's Major Works (5)
1977 calculation of lateral load distribution of highway bridges,
Seismic dynamics of 1980 engineering structure
1983 stability and vibration of bridge structure
1987 monograph analysis of box girder truss bridge in English version.
1989 anti-explosion dynamics of engineering structures. [6]
Winning record
1977 Shanghai major scientific and technological achievement award
1978 National Science Conference Award
198 1 was selected as one of the top ten famous structural engineering experts in the world by the association.
1982 first prize of major scientific and technological achievements in Shanghai
1982 third prize of national natural science
1982, Brandon Lee won the Goethe medal of the Federal Republic of Germany.
1985, Darmstadt University of Technology awarded him an honorary doctorate in engineering.
1985 first prize of scientific and technological progress of the state education commission
1986 Shanghai first prize for scientific and technological progress
1987 second prize of national scientific and technological progress
1987, the Federal Republic of Germany awarded him the Grand Cross Meritorious Medal.
1987 was awarded the "International Structural Engineering Excellence Award" by the Association.
1988 first prize of Shanghai science and technology progress
1993 third prize of scientific and technological progress of China education commission
1995 was awarded the Science and Technology Progress Award of He Liang Heli Fund.
1996 won the "Chen Jiageng Technical Science Award".
In 2003, he was elected as the first "Shanghai Education Hero" [5].
External evaluation editor
Wu: Brandon Lee's noble character of advocating true knowledge, rigorous and realistic style of study, tirelessly teaching and educating people, and building a school for the public has left precious spiritual wealth for Tongji University. [3]
Zhou Zuyi and Pei Gang: "In the 100-year history of Tongji University, Brandon Lee has played the longest and most profound role and influence, and can be called the' soul of Tongji'." [3]
Comments on the website of China Democratic League: Academician Brandon Lee's life can be almost described in two words: science and love. Dedicate yourself to science for love; He has been engaged in science all his life, and still maintains an ordinary person's deep love for the people, the human society and the motherland. As the saying goes, "science breeds truth, and greatness lies in the ordinary." [ 12]
People's Network: Building Bridges with Lifelong Talents [13]
China Folk Science and Technology Network: In scientific research, Brandon Lee advocated the style of seeking truth from facts and a rigorous and scientific attitude, and solved many difficult problems in structural theory with the spirit of hard work and perseverance. Brandon Lee's thinking method is groundbreaking, and his achievements shine with wisdom, thus winning prestige in the world and China. [ 14]
Introduction atlas