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Tutankhamun is widely known to modern westerners because his tomb has never been stolen for 3,000 years, until the British explorer Howard Carter, with the support of Lord carnarvon, discovered his tomb and unearthed a lot of treasures, which shocked the western world.
When Tutankhamun ascended the throne, the Great Pyramid had a history of 1250 years. He was only 19 years old when he died, and his tomb was never stolen, because the pyramid he built was not repaired when he died, and it was taken a fancy to by the later prime minister Ayi. Tutankhamun is only buried in a small place, so his grave is the only one that has never been stolen.
The whole tomb consists of front hall, tomb, ear room and library. Except the tomb, all the places are full of furniture, utensils, boxes and other utensils, including the owner's treasure house. Everything in the tomb is decorated with gold, silver, pearls and jade. Two life-size ebony gold-plated statues were also found in the tomb, which scholars believe are the images of Tutankhamun. These two statues are lifelike, which fully embodies the superb skills and rich imagination of ancient artists. During the eight-year excavation, more than 2,000 cultural relics were found in the tomb, including many rare treasures.
Tutankhamun's sarcophagus and funerary objects were originally used by one of his ancestors. Because no one expected that he would die so early and had no time to prepare for him, he had to give it to others first. Tutankhamun's famous gold mask weighs about 10.23 kg. Tutankhamun's mummy is protected by three human coffins and three outlines, each of which is exactly the same size as the other, and the craft is quite elaborate. The innermost human coffin is made of 22K gold and weighs 1 10.9 kg, which is about10.5000 USD according to the current market price. The outline of the outermost layer is large enough to be used in the garage of a medium-sized car. In Tutankhamun's grave, there is a small personal first-aid kit, which contains bandages and suspenders similar to those used in fracture besides some first-aid medicines. According to Carter's estimation, there are about 350 liters of precious oil in Tutankhamun's tomb, most of which are stored in some stone bottles. Tutankhamun is not alone. There are two aborted baby girls in his grave.
Tutankhamun is a fashion man who loves fashion. A large number of clothes were found in his grave, and there was a wooden model made according to his body shape next to the clothes. In addition, the scarf used by Tutankhamun when he was baptized was also found. This material is very delicate by hand. Tutankhamun has about 100 pairs of shoes, made of leather, wood, wicker and even gold. There are about 30 brands of wine in Tutankhamun's tomb, one of which is "Tutankhamun house number wine", which is also marked with year, grape producing area and manufacturer. There are 30 boomerangs in Tutankhamun's tomb. In ancient times, boomerang was used for hunting. In addition to the golden coffin and golden chrysanthemum, the big things that are often mentioned are the throne of the queen's anointed body, two life-size woodcarving sentries and alabaster boxes. Among them, the alabaster box is the most intriguing. There are four alabaster jars with Tutankhamun's head on the lid. What's in it? The jar actually contained the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines of the little Pharaoh.
Carter spent about five years digging Tutankhamun's grave, eight years cleaning him, and nearly ten years cataloguing about 5,000 funerary objects found in the grave. However, in his life, he never published these amazing discoveries and finishing results in print.
The history of reduction
Tutankhamun was born about 134 1 year BC. Although we don't know who his parents are, it is most likely that Amon Hotep IV (later known as Queen Okhennatan and Nefertiti) grew up in the new imperial capital of King Okhennatan. King Okhennathan opposed the traditional Egyptian god, believed in the new god Atan, and moved the palace from the old capital Thebes. Unlike other old gods, Atan is not depicted as an adult or an animal, but is called the sun god.
Tutankhamun married Okhennathan's daughter. Okhennathan once carried out a religious reform, establishing Atong as the main god, reducing temples and offering sacrifices to gods to weaken religious power. Three years after Tutankhamun ascended the throne (BC 133 1), with the encouragement of religious figures, or perhaps influenced by people who actually held power, Tutankhamun was restored, the temple was restored, and the capital moved back to Thebes.
About the cause of death of Tutankhamun
Combining some historical records and unearthed murals, we can generally know that Tutankhamun was very young when he ascended the throne, and he could only take power with Ayi, an old minister. 19 died suddenly. Next, the old minister Ayi succeeded to the throne.
There is no record of Tutankhamun's death in history. Although archaeologists found traces of head injury when examining his mummy, he was partially cured before his death. This may be an accidental injury, but the possibility of assassination is not ruled out, because according to the X-ray photos, there is a black spot under the back of his head, which indicates that he may have chronic trauma caused by a heavy blow to the back of his head. And his successor tried to erase the historical records, so history rarely recorded him before his grave was dug up.
According to the Sunday Times on the 26th, the mystery of the mysterious death of the young Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun, the most enduring mystery in archaeology, has finally been solved. Last week, archaeologists conducted a further and more detailed examination of Tutankhamun's mummy, overturning the previous academic conclusion that Tutankhamun died.
Since the discovery of Tutankhamun's mausoleum 83 years ago, there have been various speculations about the death of this young Egyptian Pharaoh. Researchers believe that he may have been killed by his compatriot Ayi, who succeeded to the throne, because of the struggle for inheritance. Because the medical examination and X-ray examination of Tutankhamun in the 1960s showed that his skull was fractured, Ayi was always suspected to be the murderer. However, a further and more detailed examination of Tutankhamun's mummy last week found that the initial suspicion was wrong and Ayi was not the murderer.
The latest research shows that Tutankhamun died of murder. The murderer is the closest person to him: Ai. Ai is Tutankhamun's closest attendant and the young boy's minister. He is a priest of the God sun gear. But then I believed in the old religion: Amon. Finally, he murdered Tutankhamun and used the queen's desire for children to force her to marry him. When the queen became Pharaoh, he became a relative of the royal family and had the right to inherit. Finally, he killed the queen and inherited the status of Pharaoh. (After the murder: Lao Wang was disabled and fell ill. This kind of patient will die with a light blow on the back of the head.
About the curse of Pharaoh
On the tomb of the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun, there is an epitaph: "Anyone who interferes with the peace of the Pharaoh will die on his head." For decades, after the hype of various movies and novels, the "Pharaoh's curse" became more and more fantastic, which not only scared off grave robbers, but also worried many archaeologists and tourists.
But in fact, scientists have now proved that only 5% of the first people who entered Tutankhamun's cemetery died abnormally. If there is anything unusual, it is probably because the space is closed, and the bacteria in the tomb can't co-evolve with the outside air, thus forming an independent evolutionary body that human beings can't touch and resist. Other events triggered by the so-called Pharaoh curse are also largely fabricated.
The explanation may be a bit long, but I quite agree with the following views:
The first explanation: the discovery of deadly fungi 1989, the American archaeologist Kent Venice led the excavation of a tomb numbered K-V5 in the Valley of the Kings. There are 48 princes of Ramses II of the 19 dynasty buried in this mausoleum. The ancient tomb has been ransacked for a long time, but it still left an unexpected harvest for the digger: it is a dark and damp ancient tomb, and strange things can be seen everywhere in the tomb. They ate mummies and food buried with them, and the infiltration of the Nile flood brought them more food. More importantly, these guys don't need oxygen. The discovery of these deadly fungi is very consistent with a message in the excavation record of Tutankhamun's mausoleum. That is, when King Tutankhamun's tomb was just opened, many "inexplicable things" were found in the tomb. They are probably as deadly as the fungi in the prince's tomb. This is one of the important reasons for the death of Sir carnarvon and more victims. Why didn't an archaeologist who excavated K-V5 die? That's because modern technology has made people understand the importance of isolation. Archaeologists will wear protective clothing, masks and gloves when they enter the tomb for the first time. When excavating Tutankhamun's tomb and other earlier excavations, people did not have this awareness. Professor Dumichen, a German who died in the frenzy, just tied a layer of orange peel under his nose to dilute the smell of some graves, so it was impossible to isolate deadly fungal spores from himself. ...
The second explanation: poison. The priests in ancient Egypt were the earliest known in human history and were also the best at using poison. As early as 3000 BC, the earliest pre-dynasty period in Egypt, Egypt's first Pharaoh Ka sent people to plant poisonous plants. Recently, people have discovered the documents of Manice's pharaoh period, and recorded the application methods of many poisons. Not only opium, arsenic, aconite, etc. And some cyanide. In addition, in ancient Egypt, poisonous toads still occupied the supreme position and were regarded as sacred objects. People can't think of any other convincing reason except its toxin. Therefore, some people think that the ancient Egyptians probably used poison as a weapon to protect the Pharaoh's tomb. Of course, the use of poison is not necessarily intentional. Because in the murals that can be seen everywhere in the mausoleum, those bright colors contain all kinds of highly toxic ingredients. In addition, "ptomaine" is also a terrible toxin, which can induce incurable diseases such as meningitis in contacts. These toxins are mixed together and piled up in the closed Pharaoh's tomb, which cannot be dissipated. Of course, it may also cause irreparable harm to the body of the intruder (especially the original intruder). ...
The third explanation: radiation. Take a closer look at those cases that died because of the "Pharaoh's curse". Besides high fever and stroke, there are more madness and the destruction of blood circulation system. Therefore, the interpretation of radiation is also under consideration. Now, uranium ore has been found in central Egypt, which seems to further confirm the possibility of this speculation. In other words, part of the pyramid is made of radioactive stones. More precisely, the ancient Egyptians had discovered the function of radioactive uranium and used it to protect the peace behind the Pharaoh. Or those amulets that are tightly attached to mummies or placed in graves, etc. It is made of high-purity uranium-bearing ore, or at least "processed" by radiation. 19 12 On April 15, the worst and most far-reaching shipwreck occurred on the British-new york route. The protagonist of the tragedy is called Titanic. In addition to more than 2,000 passengers, there is also the mummy of an ancient Egyptian priestess, who embarked on this journey of no return. She lived in the eighteenth dynasty, that is, the era of Tutankhamun. The mummy is decorated with many ornaments, the most conspicuous of which is an amulet placed on her chest, with a portrait of death Osiris on it, and a line: When you wake up from a deep sleep, your eyes can overcome everything that hurts you. In order to ensure the safety of the mummy, it was placed in the captain's cockpit. It is said that many people who have dealt with this mummy are insane. So, did the captain of the Titanic become one of the victims? It is said that edward smith, an experienced captain, made some incredible decisions on the last day of driving the Titanic, including going too fast and choosing an abnormal channel. Other crew members also made some mistakes similar to those of the captain, such as sending the distress telegram too late and so on. When studying the cause of the sinking of the Titanic, someone raised the question: Is it because the captain and crew frequently contacted the mummy of the priestess and were affected by the curse? If the curse is too vague, it is at least influenced by the radiation that may be carried on the ornaments worn by the mummy. Of course, with the sinking of the ship, there is no way to find out the real reason. However, the question about mummies will definitely become a mystery in many people's minds, further deepening their yearning for mysterious ancient Egypt. ...
The fourth possibility: psychological stress. This situation mostly happens among non-professionals who are new to the pyramid. They are often just driven by curiosity to visit, but similar "curse" incidents frequently happen to them. 1866, China scholar Zhang Deyi visited pyramid of khufu. Afterwards, he described his feelings when he entered the tower, saying that he had a feeling of being driven out of his mind and could not control his dizziness. When he left the tower, he realized that he had broken out in a cold sweat. "I'm still thinking about it, and I'm scared."