He' nan Dengfeng Songyang Academy

Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, 2.5 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is backed by Ji Junfeng and faces Shuangxi River. Because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain, it is named Songyang Academy. Founded in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 484), it is called Songyang Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Songyang Temple, and in the Five Dynasties it was changed to Taishi Academy. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, founders of Neo-Confucianism "Luoxue" in Song Dynasty, both gave lectures at Songyang Academy, and since then Songyang Academy has become one of the birthplaces of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Academy was destroyed by soldiers, and was rebuilt by Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. Songyang Academy has been supplemented and repaired many times from generation to generation, and its scale has gradually formed and its layout has become increasingly strict. The organizational system of the academy is simple, elegant and generous.

The academic system of Songyang Academy has a long history in China. It began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that the academy system was abolished. Teaching features: Songyang Academy occupies an important page in the history of education development in China. After nearly a thousand years of balanced development, he has accumulated rich teaching experience. Its main features are: 1. Academy is not only an educational and teaching institution, but also an academic research institution, which combines education, teaching and academic research. 2. The lecture system prevails in the academy, allowing different schools and viewpoints to give lectures and arguments. 3. The teaching of the academy is "open door", with no classes and no geographical restrictions. 4. The college pays attention to students' personal reading and research, attaches great importance to cultivating students' self-study ability, and adopts the theory of asking questions. Focus on inspiring students' thinking ability. 5. College teachers and students have a harmonious relationship and deep feelings. The famous teachers in the academy not only educate students with profound knowledge and accomplishment, but also infect students with noble ethics.

Songyang Academy is a pearl in the history of education in Zhongzhou and an ancient institution of higher learning in China. In the early Song Dynasty, the country was peaceful and the style of writing was everywhere. After the Five Dynasties rebellion, Confucian scholars all like to find a secluded place in the mountains to get together and give lectures. Dengfeng is the place where Yao, Shun, Yu and Duke Zhou once lived. According to records, there were 24 people who gave lectures in Songyang Academy successively, including Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cheng Hao, Cheng, Zhu, Li Gang and Fan Chunren, and volumes 9 to 2 1 of Zi Jian by Sima Guang were completed in Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace. Cheng, also known as "Er Cheng", Cheng Hao has been giving lectures at Songyang College 10 for more than 0 years. He is affable and approachable to students, fresh in his lectures, easy to understand, and persuasive in preaching and teaching. Both the students who come for nothing and the students who come back in reality have benefited a lot and feel like a spring breeze. In the year of Xin Mao, Kangxi, the whole province selected juren in Kaifeng, and the admission quota was less than one county. Only Dengfeng won five. The famous Confucian JD.COM is here in Songyang Academy. Later, he was a scholar and nine counsellors. It is precisely because of the unique teaching conditions that Songyang Academy gained a great reputation, and students from all directions jostled shoulder to shoulder, becoming one of the most influential academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.

General Han Feng and Bai Feng in the hospital are called "rare treasures". There are three ancient cypresses in Songyang Academy, which were sealed in the sixth year of Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 10). When Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, toured Song Yue, he saw cypress trees towering and lush, so he was named "General", "Second General" and "Third General". General Paco12m, 5.4m thick. The tree leans, its crown is thick and generous, just like a big umbrella covering the clear sky. The second General Paco is18.2m high and12.54m thick. Although its bark is mottled and aging, it is full of vitality and its branches are tall and straight. There is a north-south hole in the lower part of the trunk, like a doorway, which can accommodate five or six people. Two huge branches are bent like wings, stretching from side to side, shaped like an eagle spreading its wings and a golden rooster wanting to fly. Whenever the mountain wind blows, the branches and leaves shake like a ring, and the sound of silk and bamboo still exists. Three generals were destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The age of General Cedar has always been a mysterious topic. The tree has a history of more than 2,000 years since it was sealed. Mr. Zhao Puchu left a poem of praise: "There are cypresses in Songyang, and there are 3,000 years on earth." Appraised by forestry experts, Jiangjun cypress is a primitive cypress with a tree age of 4,500 years, which is the oldest and largest existing cypress in China. Careful tourists will find a strange phenomenon. General cypress is much bigger than general cypress. Why is it named "second"? Here is a "preconceived" legend, which is touching. I don't know how many literati attracted to splash ink and sing poems in praise, which left inspiration for people. The majestic general cypress adds a sense of historical vicissitudes and strong appeal to Songyang Academy.

The Datang monument outside the gate is known as the "King of Songshan Monument". The full name "Song Yangguan Ji Shengde Shengbei" was engraved in the third year of Tang Tianbao (AD 744). The monument is 9.02m high, 2.04m wide and1.05m thick. This monument is magnificent and beautifully carved. The whole inscription 1078 words. The content mainly describes that Sun Taichong, a Taoist priest of Song Yang, was alchemist in Li Longji, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Li wrote and Pei Jiong sealed the eight-part essay. It is a representative work of official script in Tang Dynasty, with correct posture, moderate rigidity and elegant hairstyle. Monuments in the Tang Dynasty weighed more than 80 tons, and the monument cap alone weighed 10 tons. In ancient times, how did people put such a heavy hat on it? For thousands of years, all visitors to Songyang Academy have to ask this question. In the folk, the legendary story of "Zhili Tang Monument" attracted thousands of people and became one of the important contents of appreciating Tang Monument.

Songyang Academy is famous for Neo-Confucianism in the history of our country, with profound cultural background and unique landscape. The mountains are surrounded by arches, the streams are gurgling, the pines and cypresses are towering, the environment is elegant, the scenery is the clearest, and the stone buildings are famous and civilized. The main cultural relics of the Academy are the "General cypress" in the Western Han Dynasty and the "Tang Dynasty Monument" in the Tang Dynasty.

Songyang Academy was once a place where Buddhism and Taoism gathered together in history, but it is the oldest and most prestigious place. Songyang Academy is a sacred place of Confucianism. It was first built in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 484). It is called Songyang Temple, which is a place for Buddhist activities and serves hundreds of monks. During the period of Yang Di the Great (605-6 18), it was renamed Songyangguan, which was a place for Taoist activities. Song Renzong Jing Shou was named Songyang Academy in the second year (1035), and has been an educational place for celebrities to teach classics ever since. At the end of Ming Dynasty, the academy was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt and built in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In its heyday, it had a learning place of over 1750 mu, with hundreds of students and more than 2,000 books. In the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished and schools were established. After more than 1000 years of academy education, this process has been completed. However, as a bright pearl in the history of ancient education in China, the Academy will go down in history forever.

In ancient times, Songyang Academy did not simply refer to a courtyard, but consisted of a main courtyard and several single buildings around it, with a wide geographical distribution. Generally speaking, the building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north, which are the gate, the first hall, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library building. In addition to the buildings we saw in Songyang Academy, the more famous ones are Tianguang Yunying Pavilion, Guanlan Pavilion, Chuanshang Pavilion and the Scholar's Pavilion, a villa of Songyang Academy located in Shidiexi, Xiaoyao Valley in the northeast of Songyang Academy. Renzhi Pavilion and other buildings are located in the south of Sangong, south of Qixingling, and under the Jade Everest in the northwest of the Academy.

He' nan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy

Yingtianfu Academy, also known as Suiyang Academy and Nanjing Academy. Because Shangqiu was called Suiyang in the Tang Dynasty, it was promoted to Yingtianfu in the third year of Jingde in the Northern Song Dynasty (1006) and to Nanjing in the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10/4), and it was one of the four major capitals at that time. Shangqiu is close to Bianshui, with convenient transportation and frequent business trips. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has developed into a cosmopolitan city. Yingtianfu Academy was set up in the bustling downtown area of Shangqiu in Song Dynasty.

Yingtian Academy is located in the east of Shangqiu Old Town. Its predecessor was a private school in Yang Yun in the late Jin Dynasty. After that, it developed through the efforts of its students, and the students "came a long way" and "scholars from far and near returned". In the Northern Song Dynasty, when the government opened the imperial examination, Yingtian Academy was full of talents, and as many as 50 or 60 students participated in the imperial examination.

In Song Zhenzong, Songzhou (now Shangqiu), the place where Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu made his fortune, 1006 was changed to Yingtianfu, and 10 14 was promoted to Nanjing. 1009, Song Zhenzong officially awarded the title of Yingtianfu Academy. In Song Renzong, Yingtian Academy was changed to Nanjing imperial academy in l043, becoming one of the highest institutions of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty, equivalent to the current Academy of Social Sciences.

Since then, with the support of Cao Cheng and others, especially Yan Shu, a famous writer, the academy has developed greatly. In the early years of Song Renzong, Yan Shu, a famous writer, became the magistrate of Yingtian and hired Wang Zhu, a famous scholar, as a storyteller. Wang Zhu is well-read and versatile, and Yingtianfu Academy is "famous in the world" under his auspices. In the second year of Emperor Renzong's reign (1035), Tianfu Academy was changed to Fu Xue, and Yan Shu hired Fan Zhongyan, who retired from Suiyang for mourning, to teach. During his teaching, Fan Zhongyan wrote the Nomination of Nanjing Academy. At that time, Yingtianfu Academy was a university in Zhongzhou. The History of Song Dynasty records: "Since the Five Dynasties, learning in the world has been abolished, and since Yan Shu, learning has flourished." For more than 20 years, students of Dazhong Xiangfu College "graduated one after another, but the hero of Jia Kui, Yu Taige, kept a secret and never stopped".

Zheng De moved to the city in the sixth year of Ming Dynasty, and Yingtian Academy also moved here-north of Zhongshan Second Street in the city. There are Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall and Crescent Pond. The memorial tablet of Confucius and his disciples stood in the original Dacheng Hall, and Minglun Hall was the school. Both buildings are built on the mountain. Dacheng Hall is the place to worship Confucius, and Minglun Hall is the place to take exams. It is a county-level cultural relics protection unit.