1 is the way of stealing, taken from Liezi Tian Rui. Its moral is "only understand the superficial meaning of words and expressions, but not deeply understand their spiritual essence, and act rashly, and the result will inevitably lead to mistakes."
Laughing forest can't see Chu people. Text: Chu people live in poverty (in poverty) Read Huainan Fang: "When catching cicadas, you have to cover yourself with leaves, so you can be invisible." So I picked up the leaves under the tree. Mantis holds leaves for cicadas. In order to pick it, the leaves fell under the tree. (At this moment, Mantis is preparing to cover himself with leaves to catch cicadas. He is going to pick leaves. It's a pity that the picked leaves fell off. ) with the leaves under the tree first, it is impossible to argue any more. He swept several times and came back, blocking himself with leaves one by one and asking his wife, "Have you seen me?" At first, my wife always replied, but after a whole day, she was tired. Dai lied and said: "No" rejoiced (Chu people secretly rejoiced), Ye entered the DPRK (Ji took it), took people from the opposite side, and the county official resigned (accepted the indictment); From beginning to end, the official laughed but didn't send it. ↑↑↑ Meaning: This story vividly depicts the image of a fool blinded by interests by describing the process of sweeping leaves, trying leaves, grabbing things and being caught. The sense of exploitation out of nothing is a sharp criticism and a bitter mockery of selfish people who harm others and benefit themselves.
2. Ten Benefits of Learning Classical Chinese
Zhejiang University once conducted a survey of college graduates. One of the questions was: What do you think is the most useful course of college Chinese? The result was unexpected, and "Ancient Literature" ranked first. Most graduates believe that "ancient literature" can enhance their sentiment and temperament, and even directly affect their work performance.
Learning classical Chinese can appreciate the beauty of culture. Some classical Chinese (including ancient poems) in middle school Chinese textbooks are well-known masterpieces, which are exemplary and representative in terms of ideological content, emotional factors, artistic skills and language forms. They can directly cultivate middle school students' self-cultivation and improve their cultural quality, which is conducive to becoming an elegant person in the future. A person with a certain foundation in ancient literature will have appropriate expressions and actions in practical work, and it is easier to get close to success. It makes people full and not frivolous.
Understanding the relationship between ancient and modern vocabulary and expanding language knowledge, modern Chinese and ancient Chinese come down in one continuous line. For example, learning classical Chinese can help us understand the origin, exact meaning and evolution of idioms, and we can also use idiom vocabulary accurately. Therefore, learning classical Chinese can make our language concise and lively, and improve our reading ability and expression ability.
Learning classical Chinese can improve the ability of language use and form your own creative style. Many great modern writers in our country, because of their profound classical literature accomplishment and language accomplishment, flexibly use fixed words, phrases or sentence forms in classical literature, thus forming their own unique style and becoming literary masters.
Learning classical Chinese can learn from the writing skills of famous ancient writers. Poems written by ancient writers have their own characteristics in conception, conception, drawing materials, cutting materials, using allusions, planning articles, layout, wording and sentences, narration, description of characters, lyricism, analysis and expression of things. Ancient writers paid special attention to the artistic conception, structure and language of articles, and tried to learn from ancient masters by studying classical Chinese, which helped to improve their literary accomplishment and writing style. China's influential literature is well versed in China's ancient literature.
The culture of any country has a foundation, and the cultural background of China begins with ancient literature. Learning classical Chinese and reading ancient Chinese can expose people to China's temperament. Classical Chinese records the ancient cultural heritage of our country. If you don't understand classical Chinese and ancient literature, there is no way to inherit, absorb and develop. Students can read China's ancient articles with simple reference books. We can understand the poems of the Han and Tang Dynasties, and even understand the articles on Oracle bones and bamboo slips. However, if the British want to understand the original Shakespeare printed more than 300 years ago, they have to rely on thick reference books to understand it. It is not easy for middle school students to understand it.
Middle school students have good image thinking, abstract thinking has been formed, and their memory ability is at its peak. Now is the best time to learn classical Chinese, and we must not miss this golden stage of learning classical Chinese.
Please recommend some meaningful masterpieces suitable for middle school students.
Recommended reading list ① Pride and Prejudice (Austin, England) ② Crime and Punishment (Dostoevsky, Russia) ③ War and Peace (Tolstoy, Russia) ④ American Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson, USA) ⑤ The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain, USA) ⑤ Leaves of Grass. Hawthorne) 9 Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck, USA) I. Cultural Classics (4) 1. Laozi/[Chunqiu] Laozi: The Pioneering Works of Taoism in China II. The Analects of Confucius/[Spring and Autumn Period] Confucius: the "Bible" of the Orientals, the Confucian classics that set an example through the ages 3. Cultivate the spirit of honesty II. Novel (30) 5. Romance of the Three Kingdoms/[Ming] Luo Guanzhong: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, 6. A Dream of Red Mansions/[Qing Dynasty] Cao Xueqin and Gao E: Encyclopedia-style Wonder Books 7. Shout/[Modern] Lu Xun: Insight into the Historical Destiny of Modern China 8. Home/[Modern] Ba Jin: Youth is beautiful. Midnight/[Modern] Mao Dun: Urban Space Lao She: The Tragic Story of Xiangzi, a rickshaw driver in the Old Town of Beiping, China 1 1. Border Town/[Modern] Shen Congwen: Long Axis Map of Border Customs 12. Fortress Besieged/[Contemporary] Qian Zhongshu: Wise People's Insight into and Mock at Human Nature 13. Yu Xiu: Turn over a new page for middle school students to write novels for middle school students 14. Legend of the Condor Heroes/[Contemporary] Jin Yong: Since then, no one has doubted Jin Yong's status as a novel master 15. The dust settles/[Contemporary] Alai: the intersection of fools and wise men, the integration of advanced and backward 16. Robinson Crusoe/Defoe: the first novel in the history of English literature 17. The Biography of Pickwick/[England] Dickens:1A true description of English society in the early 9th century 18. Jane Eyre/[England] Charlotte Brontexq. Jane Austen: A classic story about 19 th century British love and value. Eugenie Grandet/[France] Balzac: One of the representative works of Human Comedy 2 1. Notre Dame de Paris/[French] victor hugo: The sharp contrast between good and evil, beauty and ugliness. Red and Black/[France] Stendhal: French critical realism literature. Mo Bosang: Facets on a gem will also reflect brilliant light. 24. Johann Christophe/[France] romain rolland: A description of a real hero. 25. Young Werther/[Germany] Goethe: The book Napoleon carried with him when he went to Egypt. 26. Selected short stories by Chekhov/[Russia] Chekhov: Revealing the essence of life from the most common phenomena. 27. Resurrection/lev tolstoy: The firmness and sympathetic atmosphere of the great man's thoughts in his later years. How steel was tempered/[Soviet Union] ostrovsky: the banner of idealism, the textbook of life 29. The Old Man and the Sea/[America] ernest hemingway: A man can be destroyed, but he can't be defeated by 30. O Henry's Short Stories/[America] O Henry: American. Encyclopedia of American Life Humor 3 1. Gone with the Wind/[America] margaret mitchell: War in Gone with the Wind 32. The Catcher in the Rye/[America] Salinger: A book that has greatly influenced generations of American youth. Don Quixote/[Spain] Miguel de Cervantes: Garcí a Marquez: Poems (10) 3. The Book of Songs/[Shang and Zhou Dynasties] Folk: Encyclopedia of China in Pre-Qin Dynasty 36. 300 Tang poems/[Qing] Retire from the Tang Dynasty: I can sing 37 if I can't write a poem. Selected readings of Song Ci 38. [Contemporary] Bing Xin: slightly sad, slightly philosophical 4 1. Shelley Lyrics Selection/[English] Shelley: If winter comes, can spring be far behind? Leaves of Grass/[America] Whitman: Where there is soil, there is water, and there is grass. Selected poems of Pushkin. Monuments in the poetic world 4. Prose (10) 45. China's view of ancient literature/[Qing] Wu Chucai and Wu Diaohou: browsing the best model of the development of ancient literature in China 46. Eight Great Banknotes in the Tang and Song Dynasties/[Ming] Mao Kun: Popular in China, emerging one after another 47. Flowers in the Morning/[Modern] Lu Xun: Classic Works in China's Modern Prose 48. Selected Prose of Zhu Ziqing/[Modern] Zhu Ziqing's Combination of Truth, Goodness and Beauty 49. Liang Shiqiu's Prose/[Modern] Liang Shiqiu: The faint breath has its own charm. Jiang Yang's prose anthology/[is also quite ingenious everywhere. 5 1. Bi Shumin's Prose Collection/[Contemporary] Bi Shumin: A panacea for nourishing the heart. 52. Cultural Journey, A Traveler Without Borders/[Contemporary] Yu: Exploring the culture of China through the scenery. 53. Selected Prose Poems of Ji Bolun/[Lebanese] Ji Bolun: the home for busy modern people to rest their souls. Balzac called it a "masterpiece" V. Drama (6 parts) 55. The Romance of the West Chamber/[Yuan] Wang Shifu: Love Classics Traveling through Time and Space 56. "Peony Pavilion"/[Ming] Tang Xianzu: A reincarnation continues the fate, attracting people the most affectionate 57. Peach Blossom Fan/[Clear Hole]: Passing through feels parting. Write the sense of rise and fall 58. Thunderstorm/[Modern] Cao Yu: A symbol of the maturity of modern drama in China. Teahouse/[Modern] Lao She: China Contemporary Drama Art Classics 60. The Complete Works of Shakespeare/[English] Shakespeare: the most splendid hall of world literature VI. Biographies of celebrities (6) 6 1. Yilin Press, 62nd edition, 2000. Biography of Madame Curie/[France] Four Curies, translated by Zuo Ming Che, Commercial Press, 1984, 63rd edition. Biography of Van Gogh/[America] irving stone, translated by Chang Tao, Beijing Publishing House, 1995, 64th edition. Biography of Napoleon/[Huacheng Publishing House 1999 Edition 65. Autobiography of Russell/[England] Russell, Commercial Press, 66th edition, 2002. Gandhi/[India] Mo Ka Gandhi, translated by Lu, International Culture Publishing Company, 200 1 edition.
4. High school students must have momentum when reading inspirational ancient prose.
Young China said [Qing1900.2] Japanese Liang Qichao called me China, one called the old empire and the other called the old empire.
It is also a language and a translation of the words of Europeans and Westerners. Oh! Am I the boss of China? Ren Gong said: Evil! What is it! What is it! I have a young China man in my mind.
To talk about the country's young and old, please talk about the people's young and old first. Old people often think about the past, while young people often think about the future.
Only thinking about the past, so nostalgic; Only by thinking about the future can we give birth to hope. Only nostalgia, so conservative; Only hope, so forge ahead.
Only conservative, so always old; Only enterprising, so new. Just thinking about the past, everything is what it is, so I only know that it is as usual; Only those who think about the future and do anything with no future often dare to break the rules.
Old people are always worried, while young people are always cheerful. I just worry too much, so I am discouraged; It's all for pleasure, so it's arrogant.
Only discouraged, so timid; But it is also full of pride, so it is heroic. Only cowardice, so you get along; Only brave, so take risks.
Only you can, you can destroy the world; Only adventure can create the world. Old people are always tired of things, while young people are always happy.
Only people who are tired of things often feel that everything has nothing to do; There are only good things, so I often feel that everything is impossible. Old people are like sunset, young people are like sunrise.
Old people are like infertile cows, and young people are like suckling tigers. Old people are like monks, and young people are like chivalrous men.
Old people are like dictionaries, and old people are like operas. Old people are like opium, young people are like brandy.
Old people are like meteorites from other planets, and young people are like coral islands in the ocean. Old people are like pyramids in the desert of Egypt, and young people are like railways in Siberia.
Old people are like willows after autumn, and young people are like grass before spring. Old people are like the dead sea, and young people are like the beginning of the Yangtze River.
The old man and the young man have different personalities. Ren Gong said: People are inherent, and so is the country.
Ren Gong said: It hurts, boss! The woman who plays the piano at the head of Xunyang River, when the moon is around the boat, the maple leaves are rustling, cold as iron, and dreamlike, recalling the beauty of Luoyang dust, spring flowers and autumn moon. At the south gate of Xigong, White-haired Gong E and Yi Deng sat opposite each other, talking about the legacy between Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and composing "Colorful Feathers".
Green Gate planted melons, kept Confucian people, cared about obedient children, and recalled the grand occasion of Houmen as a pearl. Napoleon and his followers are in Hermia, and Alafei is in Ceylon. They are with guards or visitors. They said that they galloped across the Central Plains with short knives and swift horses, swept across Europe, and fought bloody battles against the sea, and all countries were shocked by the great achievements. First angry, then caressing, and finally holding the mirror.
Alas, my face is full of teeth, my hair is full, and I am getting old! If so, there is nothing to worry about except gloom, and I have not given up the world of distress; There is no sun and moon outside the decadent Tang dynasty, and there is no silence outside the sigh; I have no other occupation except death. Beauty is a hero, but the situation is average? Friends and relatives are in the grave of the market; Eat and live, wait for someone.
Today has passed, how can we know the next day? This year has passed, and it will be a pity next year? Nothing in the world is more frustrating than the boss. For this person, too, there is also the desire to return to the sky by means of clouds, which overrides the spirit of mountains and seas, okay? Oh! Am I the boss of China? This refers to the past, Tang Yu three generations, how to treat it; Qin Huang Hanwu, what a hero; How prosperous literature has been since the Han and Tang dynasties; The martial arts between Kanggan and Kanggan are brilliant.
What historians tell and lyricists eulogize is not the scenery and happy history of our national youth! Now I'm old! Cut five cities yesterday and ten cities tomorrow. Birds and rats are everywhere, and chickens and dogs are frightened every night. The land property of eighteen provinces has become the flesh and blood of the people; Father and brother's 400 trillion children have become slaves of paper money, so what does the so-called "so that she finally married herself to a businessman" mean? Oh! You can't bear to see what happened that year! Chu prison is relatively precarious, and people's lives are at stake.
The country is a dying country, and its people are dying people. Everything is helpless, everything is playing tricks on people, not surprising! Ren Gong said: Am I the boss of China? This is one of the major problems in the world today.
If its boss is the same, China is the country of the past, that is, this country once existed on the earth, and now it is gradually disappearing, and the fate of another day will be almost the same. If it is not the boss, China will be the country of the future, that is, this country did not exist on the earth in the past, and now it has gradually developed and the future is very long.
Want to break today's China as the boss? For teenagers? You must first understand the meaning of the word "country". What is a husband and a country? If there are land and people, the people living on their land should manage the affairs of the land where they live, formulate their own laws and maintain their own laws; Sovereignty, obedience, everyone's sovereignty and everyone's obedience.
If the husband is like this, it is called complete founding. For a hundred years, there has been a completely established country on the earth.
Those who are fully established are also in their prime. What is not fully established and gradually becomes fully established is also juvenile affairs.
So I want to say a word: European countries are prime countries today, and China is a juvenile country today. People who used to live in China had the name of a country, but they didn't become a country.
It is either a family country, a chieftain country, a feudal country with princes, or a country with autocratic kings. Although there are different types, they are necessary and lacking in the national constitution.
Just as a baby grows from embryo to child, one of its two branches grows up first, but its whole body is rough, but it can't be used. Therefore, Tang Yu used to be an embryonic age, Yin and Zhou dynasties was a breastfeeding age, and from Confucius to now it is a boy's age.
Gradually developed, and now began to enter the world of children and adolescents. If it grows too late, thieves of all ages have killed its vitality.
For example, if you are still sick in childhood, you will turn to old age, or you may doubt that your death will come soon, but you don't know that all this is unfinished and untenable. Not the past, but the future.
And I, China, have never tasted a country? But there is a court ear! I, the Chinese people, live in groups. Those who have stood on this earth for thousands of years ask what the name of their country is, and there is nothing. Husband's so-called Tang, Yu, Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing are all famous.
The court also has private property. The state is also the public property of the people.
There are old and young dynasties, and there are old and young state-owned States. Since North Korea and the country are foreign things, we can't call North Korea's old and young as the country's old and young.
Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang were also teenagers in the Zhou Dynasty. You, Li, Huan and Yun were also in their later years.
Gao, Wen, Jing and Wu were also young in the Han Dynasty. Yuan Yuping.