Investigation report on college students' consumption
With the in-depth development of social economy, college students, as a special consumer group in society, the shaping and cultivation of their consumption concept directly affects the formation and development of their world outlook, and then affects their moral behavior throughout their lives. Therefore, it has become an important task for colleges and universities to pay attention to the consumption situation of college students, grasp the psychological characteristics and behavior orientation of college students' life consumption, and cultivate and improve "financial quotient". First, the new consumption concept of contemporary college students
1. The consumption pattern has entered the era of network electronics.
With the rapid development of social economy, social consumption has changed from a single cash transaction to cash, credit cards, checks and other transaction methods, making people's lifestyle more convenient and fast. Contemporary college students are outstanding among young people, with an open mind and never falling behind the times. So, from the perspective of consumption patterns, what is the situation? In the survey, it is found that as a special consumer group, the consumption mode of contemporary college students has entered the era of network electronics. Many college students
There are campus ic cards, transportation ic cards, bank withdrawal cards, Internet cards and even sports fitness cards. In the era of "swipe card", college students' consumption behavior is sloppy. In the words of some students, it means "spending money by swiping your card".
2. Consumption diversification trend
2 1 century is an era of rich material and spiritual life. College students entering this era are no longer satisfied with the monotonous life in dormitories and classrooms. Although books are still the main consumer, they are not the first choice, let alone new consumption items. The consumption of college students shows an obvious trend of diversification, and mobile phones, tourism, computers and audio-visual entertainment are the hot spots of college students' consumption. In the survey, when asked what they want to do most when economic conditions permit, most students choose "traveling", followed by "buying a computer", which reflects that college students have a desire to get out of campus, integrate into society and nature, and have a high-quality life.
3. Rational consumption is the mainstream
Price, quality and fashion are the main factors to attract college students' consumption. Judging from the survey results, practical and rational consumption is still the main consumption concept of college students at present. It is understood that college students first consider the factors of price and quality when purchasing goods. This is because college students in China are different from those abroad, and their economic sources are mainly
With the support of my parents, I don't earn much money by working part-time. The disposable money is fixed every month, about 300-800 yuan, and the family with a better family usually doesn't exceed 1000 yuan, which is mainly used to pay for food and daily living expenses. Because of their limited spending power, college students are often very cautious in spending money and strive for "value for money", so they will try their best to search for cheap and good quality goods.
Whether on campus or off campus, there are more social activities for college students nowadays than before. Coupled with the influence of many factors such as urban living atmosphere and falling in love, they will not consider those cheap but not beautiful products. On the contrary, they will pay more attention to their own image and pursue taste and grade. Although they may not buy it, quality is obviously a very important content.
Pursuing fashion is an old topic.
It is the same characteristic that college students are at the forefront of the times, seeking novelty and novelty, and keeping a keen grasp of fashion for fear of falling behind the trend. The most prominent consumption is the use of mobile phones. Nowadays, the consumption of college students has generally increased the consumption of mobile phones. According to some surveys, the mobile phone ownership rate of students is not less than 40%. In addition, computers and related consumption are also their pursuit, ranging from a network card with tens of dollars to a pet of contemporary college students. In the words of computer majors, they simply regard computers as their "lovers' confidants".
Thirdly, the university campus is full of "new" people with hairstyles, clothes and accessories. The survey data also confirms this point. Judging from its proportion, "popularity" has become the third major factor for college students to consider whether to buy, second only to price and quality. As for products, when asked if they would buy products if the economy allowed, 80% of the students said they would. The above fully reflects the demand of college students to pursue high quality, high brand and high grade life.
Investigation report on sleep quality of college students
I. Purpose, object, time and method of investigation Purpose: Sleep is something that must be done every day. Some people sleep for a long time, others sleep for a short time, and the natural spirit is different. People must sleep 65,438+00 hours every day. But now many middle school students are still far from this standard. If they don't get enough sleep, it will affect their study the next day and the efficiency of class will be reduced. This vicious circle will continue. It will make a student with excellent grades gradually become a poor student, which is also the fate of some middle school students from primary school to middle school. More profoundly, it will have a negative impact on the prosperity of our country.
Respondents: Some college students randomly selected 223 people (including men and women).
Investigation time: 20 1*/ 12
Survey method: Weibo survey method.
The sleep time of component A ~~A is 0, B is 1, C is 2, and D is 3.
The sleep quality of component B ~~A is 0, b is 1, c is 2 and d is 3.
The sleep state of component C ~ ~ accumulates the 2nd and 4th items ~ ~ "often" 3 points, "occasionally" +a ` e 2 points, "occasionally" +F 1 point, and "never" 0 points.
Component d, sleep disorders ~~A to e, each item 1, f is 0.
The influence factor of component E ~~A on e is 1, and f is 0.
The total score of college students' sleep quality index = component A+ component B+ component C+ component D+ component E.
Second, the investigation and analysis
Analysis of sleep quality index distribution
According to the total score calculation method of college students' sleep quality index, the scores of 223 respondents were calculated (table 1). The more scores, the worse the sleep quality, and the score can't exceed 19, so everyone is divided into four grades: 0~4 (good), 5~9 (average), 10~ 14 (poor),15 ~/kloc. Generally speaking, about 45% of college students have good sleep quality; About 48% of college students have average sleep quality; About 7% of college students have poor or even extremely poor sleep quality.
The score distribution of 223 subjects was analyzed by Excel, and a fitting curve was obtained (Figure 1). The two peaks of the curve show that most people are near these two peaks. Peak 1 corresponds to 3 points, and peak 2 corresponds to 7 points. With 5 as the dividing line, two unimodal functions are formed, which well represent the sleep quality index of college students in the crowd between them. It shows that the sleep quality of most college students is above the average level, which may be due to the fact that most of the respondents are freshmen and sophomores, and the pressure of postgraduate entrance examination and employment is not great, and their psychological state is generally good. The sleep quality index of college students will be influenced by some environmental factors, usual living habits and emotional factors. Peak 3 belongs to a small number of people with poor sleep quality, which may be affected by economic status, genetic status, psychological pressure and other reasons.
Perform regression trend fitting analysis.
The regression analysis of figure 1 is carried out by Excel, and the regression trend line of the proportion of sleep quality population (black curve in Figure 2) is obtained. The trend line is a quartic regression equation.
y=-0.0027x4+0 . 1560 x3-2.7898 x2+ 15.44 1x+3. 1424，R2=0.8896
The square of correlation coefficient R2=0. The closer 8896 is to 1, the better the regression equation fits the experimental data, and the curve is credible. From the regression curve, we can see the proportion of college students whose sleep quality index is between 2 and 6, which is the same as the above analysis results.
The factors of quality can be summarized into four categories: environmental factors, emotional factors, study pressure and other factors. Among them, environmental factors mainly refer to the natural environment that affects sleep (such as noise, interference from others, noise, etc.). ), emotional factors mainly refer to the bad emotional experience caused by interpersonal relationship and love, and other factors include economic, genetic and psychological problems. Judging from the number of people selected, environmental factors and study pressure are two main factors, accounting for 5 1 respectively. 57% and 43. 50%, and about 1/4 people think that emotional factors affect sleep (as shown in Table 2), indicating that sleep quality is significantly related to these factors. The pie chart (Figure 3) shows the proportion of these factors more intuitively.
Analysis of environmental factors
Environmental factors account for 39% here. There are six of us in a dormitory, and each of us has his own living habits, which will inevitably affect the lives of others, especially freshmen, who have not adapted to each other, making this objective factor dominant and unable to adapt to the new living environment around them, resulting in poor sleep quality of some college students. A good sleeping environment is a necessary condition for high quality sleep. College students have high-quality sleep, so it is particularly important to pay attention to sleep hygiene and create a good sleeping environment. It is difficult for a person to have a high-quality sleep in a noisy and dazzling environment. Providing a quiet sleeping environment at school can help us relax our brains and improve sleep efficiency.
Learning pressure
Study pressure accounts for 32%. We are students, and study is the most important part of our life. Due to the great pressure of study competition and employment faced by college students at present, in order to ensure full competitiveness, they have stepped up their study intensity, postgraduate entrance examination and postgraduate entrance examination, putting them under high-intensity study pressure, thus reducing their sleep quality.
Emotional factors and other factors
These factors also have a significant impact on the sleep quality of college students. For example, interpersonal relationships and emotional problems affect our psychology, thus affecting sleep. Quite a few students don't know how to control all their time reasonably. Faced with modern communication and network, some students stay up late, unable to extricate themselves, regardless of their favorite activities, unreasonable arrangements for study and entertainment time. These will lead to the disorder of their biological clocks.
Three. conclusion and suggestion
According to the statistical analysis of the survey results of 223 randomly selected college students, 45.29% have good sleep quality, 47.98% have average sleep quality, 5.82% have poor sleep quality and 0.9 1% have poor sleep quality. The regression analysis curve of college students' sleep quality made by Excel also shows the above results intuitively. The average level of sleep quality is about 1/2, which largely reflects that the sleep quality of college students has been affected to some extent. The fan chart of influencing factors of college students' sleep quality index made by Excel shows intuitively that among the four factors, environmental factors, emotional factors, learning pressure and other factors, environmental factors and learning pressure are the two main factors, which have a significant impact.
Maintain a good and comfortable sleeping environment and improve the quality of sleep. A good sleeping environment is a necessary condition for high quality sleep. College students have high-quality sleep, so it is particularly important to pay attention to sleep hygiene and create a good sleeping environment.
Form a regular sleep. Go to bed on time every day, keep good sleep habits, and get up regularly after sleep. If you can't fall asleep after lying in bed for more than 20 minutes, you can listen to some soothing and soft music to help you fall asleep and form a regular sleep.
Arrange study life reasonably, reduce study pressure, and use modern tools such as the Internet correctly. Indulging in online games not only has a serious impact on physical and mental health, but also neglects studies.
Appropriate and long-term physical exercise is a very effective way to relieve psychological stress, such as running and playing Tai Ji Chuan. Therefore, in order to be healthy, in addition to ensuring adequate sleep time every day, taking appropriate physical exercise is also an effective way to improve sleep quality.
Investigation report on college students' entrepreneurial problems
In China, the employment pressure of college students is increasingly severe. With the guidance of government policies and the change of social concepts, college students' entrepreneurial awareness and employment direction are also changing quietly. Through the investigation and study of college students' entrepreneurship, this paper aims to understand the real situation of college students and graduates' preparation before starting a business, analyze the present situation of college students' entrepreneurship, and put forward some suggestions for college students before starting a business. Keywords: college students/entrepreneurial problems/government guidance to colleges and universities/social concern/investigation report
Zhejiang is a hot spot for entrepreneurship, and it is also a province with a booming private economy. Zhejiang higher education is also in the forefront of China's education industry, with many colleges and universities. However, due to job differences, the employment competition of fresh graduates is extremely fierce every year, and entrepreneurship has gradually become the first choice for many college students. The xx report pointed out: "We should persist in implementing a proactive employment policy, strengthen government guidance, improve the market employment mechanism, expand the scale of employment and improve the employment structure. We will improve policies to support self-employment and self-employment, strengthen education on employment concepts, and let more workers become entrepreneurs. "
In order to further implement the xx spirit of the Party, we conducted a survey on college students' entrepreneurship. We hope that through the research report, universities and society will pay attention to the cultivation and education of college students' entrepreneurial awareness, and more importantly, we hope to give suggestions to college students, the government, universities and society before they start their own businesses.
Our group mainly adopts the form of questionnaire survey and online access to information. Our research group also compiled the College Students' Entrepreneurship Questionnaire with reference to other questionnaire formats (see Annex 2). After the questionnaire is completed, the team members conduct a questionnaire survey on the surrounding college students (college students) through their own QQ. In order to ensure the credibility of the survey results, we adopted an anonymous method. The final questionnaire was sent out 100, and 80 copies were actually counted. See appendix 1 for the survey results.
Most of the participants in this survey are students from major universities, involving many majors, covering a wide range and covering a wide range. From a scientific and reasonable point of view, our whole investigation is comprehensive and typical.
First, the current situation analysis and survey results:
Minister of Education Zhou Ji 165438+ revealed at the 2007 National Conference on Employment of College Graduates that the number of college graduates nationwide will reach 4.95 million in 2007, an increase of 820,000 over 2006. Under the severe employment situation of the whole society, the employment pressure of college graduates is still outstanding. Therefore, the meeting decided to take 2007 as the year of comprehensive employment service for college graduates. Under such severe employment pressure, college students' entrepreneurship is still one of the hot spots. (Refer to China Education Online) Faced with such a severe employment situation, entrepreneurship is the first choice for many fresh graduates. Entrepreneurship is an active and effective economic form formed in the process of social development. After the reform and opening up in China, the situation of entrepreneurship has obviously improved, and both the fields involved in private entrepreneurship and the development momentum of entrepreneurship have shown a healthy development trend. Looking forward to the future development trend of China from the development course of the west, student entrepreneurship will become a new force in the flood of the market. The participation of college students will inject new vitality into the entrepreneurial army. At the same time, college students' entrepreneurship has also entered people's field of vision.
When college students' entrepreneurship is in full swing, when more and more college graduates choose entrepreneurship as a new way of employment, we find that the concept of campus entrepreneurship is more and more understood and accepted by students, and the awareness of entrepreneurship is no longer strange in colleges and universities.
In order to fully understand the present situation of college students and graduate students' preparation before starting a business, and to study and investigate the importance and attention paid by universities, governments and society to the cultivation and education of college students' entrepreneurial awareness, we conducted a survey activity from1October 20th to February 20th, focusing on questionnaires, supplemented by online QQ chat and online information search.
Several questions are extracted from the questionnaire for analysis. For example, the second question, are you concerned about the relevant policies and regulations issued by the state to support college students' self-employment? In the survey, 10% of college students pay attention to it regularly, 30% pay attention to it occasionally and are unwilling to take the initiative to learn, 45% know a little, and 15% don't know at all. From this point of view, although college students have a relatively large understanding of national policies, they often pay attention to only 10%, which shows that college students' attention to national policies needs to be strengthened.
There is a third question. Do you have any plans to start a business? In the survey, 97.5% of college students have thought about it, 2.5% have never thought about it, 0% are starting a business, and 0% have tried to start a business. It can be seen that the problem of entrepreneurship is not irrelevant to college students, and most students have thought about entrepreneurship. One more question 10: Have you ever attended entrepreneurship training or lectures? In the survey, 47.5% of college students have participated in entrepreneurship training or lectures, and 52.5% of college students have not participated in entrepreneurship training or lectures. Among them, the number of times you attend entrepreneurship training or lectures is generally 1-2 times. This shows that the proportion of college students attending entrepreneurship training or lectures is relatively small, and the attention of college students is not enough, which needs to be strengthened and improved.
Second, the conclusion analysis and suggestions:
"Investigation on College Students' Entrepreneurship" is a research topic of our research group. When applying for this topic, we completed it as an extracurricular amateur task. After some online browsing and online questionnaire survey, we found that this topic is very research-oriented and has attracted great attention from society, the state and universities. Due to the limitation of funds, manpower, material resources, time, personal education and other factors, the difficulty of the investigation is far beyond our imagination before applying for the subject. For us college students, it is unrealistic to do research in a wide range, in depth and highly academic. Therefore, out of a scientific and rigorous research attitude of seeking truth from facts, our team members surveyed the college students around them in the form of online questionnaire survey and online collection of relevant information. The conclusion and data are also scientific, which ensures the authenticity and reliability of the actual investigation results, thus improving the quality of the works.
From the questionnaire survey and field interviews, it can be seen that college students' entrepreneurship needs the society to establish effective guidance mechanism, incentive mechanism and assistance mechanism. Colleges and universities play more roles in college students' self-employment, providing various services, including entrepreneurship guidance, fund implementation, customer contact and social communication, especially providing standardized, applicable and systematic entrepreneurship education. Colleges and universities should carry out various forms of entrepreneurship education. On the one hand, it is to cultivate college students' entrepreneurial consciousness, entrepreneurial thinking and entrepreneurial concept; On the other hand, it is mainly to comprehensively train all kinds of entrepreneurial skills that college students need to start a business, and finally make them have certain entrepreneurial ability.
For college students to start their own businesses, the government's helping role should not be underestimated. The introduction of some local government policies has played a certain role in promoting college students' entrepreneurship, but the sustainability of government assistance needs attention. In addition, college students need a good social environment, especially the help of the government. The society should create a good social environment and gradually exercise their market adaptability and anti-risk ability. Regardless of national policies, universities and social environment, we believe that the most important thing is the college students themselves, so college students should not be ignored. Here are some suggestions for college students:
(A) establish a new concept of talent, pay attention to the self-cultivation of entrepreneurial quality.
From what I have said above, we can see that successful entrepreneurs have some core main features and secondary features, such as entrepreneurial ideas, talents, courage and knowledge, and perseverance in overcoming difficulties in the process of starting a business. These high requirements determine that contemporary college students must pay attention to the self-cultivation of entrepreneurial quality, cultivate their abilities and temper their courage according to the law of entrepreneurial quality cultivation. At the same time, we should cultivate our own entrepreneurial personality, entrepreneurial thinking, entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial skills, and overcome the "accumulation type" and "inheritance type" cultivated under the traditional education mode in China, which have too much dead knowledge, too little applied knowledge, too little courage and poor viability.
Practice has proved that the cultivation of entrepreneurs' quality is regular and their growth is also a process. Learning from practice is a shortcut for entrepreneurs to grow up. China has a saying: "Learn to be a plowman in one year and a businessman in three years".
(2) Pay attention to temper yourself ideologically and spiritually.
We should establish the consciousness of self-confidence, self-improvement, autonomy and self-reliance. Self-confidence means having confidence in yourself and believing that you have the ability and conditions to start your future career. Self-confidence gives people a proactive attitude towards life and enterprising spirit. They believe that they can become successful entrepreneurs, especially when they encounter failures and setbacks. Self-improvement means that on the basis of self-confidence, through the practice of enterprises, we will constantly increase our abilities in all aspects, further temper our will, establish our image, dare to speak and do, never covet immediate interests, make progress forever, and make ourselves strong. Autonomy means having an independent personality, independent thinking ability, not bound by traditional and secular prejudices, not influenced by public opinion and environment, being able to choose your own path, being good at designing and planning your own future, and taking corresponding actions. Self-reliance requires foresight, courage to be the first, and the ability to grasp your own course. Self-reliance means building the foundation of your life and career with your own mind and hands, your own wisdom and talents, and your own efforts and struggles.
(c) Widespread access to entrepreneurial experience
Nowadays, many universities have set up entrepreneurship guidance courses to teach entrepreneurship management, entrepreneurship psychology and other contents to help college students lay a solid foundation of entrepreneurship knowledge. University libraries also provide books on entrepreneurship guidance, and college students can increase their understanding of the entrepreneurial market through reading.
Secondly, entrepreneurship is a hot area of media coverage at present. Whether it is traditional media, such as newspapers, new books, radio and television, or online media, it provides a lot of entrepreneurial knowledge and information every day. Generally speaking, economic and talent media are the first choice. Famous websites include Fortune Life, Entrepreneur, 2 1 Century Business Report, CBN, China Venture Network, China Venture Forum, etc. In addition, the websites of entrepreneurial centers, college students' science parks, overseas students' pioneer parks and other institutions also contain rich entrepreneurial knowledge. Entrepreneurial knowledge acquired in this way is often targeted.
(D) pay attention to the comprehensive training of their own abilities
College students should learn to know, do things, live together, survive and start a business. Entrepreneurship involves all aspects, needs to deal with different people and things, and requires high human ability. Entrepreneurs should not only know how to operate, but also be good at management. They should be able to coordinate and handle all aspects of relations, but they should also be decisive and calm in times of crisis. If the conductor is determined, they should be eloquent and have the ability to negotiate public relations. They should be able to innovate, not afraid of setbacks and difficulties. Therefore, entrepreneurial ability is very comprehensive, including management ability, organization and coordination ability, creativity ability, business ability, language expression ability, judgment ability, public relations ability, adaptability, problem analysis and problem solving ability, opportunity grasping ability, negotiation ability, psychological adjustment ability and so on. UNESCO regards "learning to know, learning to do, learning to live together and learning to survive" as the four pillars of education in the 2 1 century, and regards it as the four "keys" to open the door to future life. "Learning to recognize" is to teach people to master the methods of cognition, learn the methods and means of learning, and cultivate people's ability to discover, analyze and solve problems. "Learning to do things" is to cultivate people's innovative ability, adaptability and ability to deal with complex emergencies and crises. "Learning to live together" is to cultivate people's unity and cooperation ability and team spirit, and cultivate people's sense of competition and management ability. "Learning to survive" means constantly enhancing people's autonomy, judgment and personal responsibility, and cultivating people's communicative ability, language expression ability, judgment ability and so on. Therefore, college students should actively establish the consciousness of "learning to recognize, learn to do things, learn to coexist and learn to survive", improve their entrepreneurial ability, and make themselves "go out", "stand up" and "do well" when starting a business.
(5) Actively participate in practical activities through various channels to cultivate entrepreneurial ability.
Practice is an effective way for college students to accumulate entrepreneurial experience and cultivate entrepreneurial ability during their school days. Therefore, college students should actively participate in entrepreneurial practice activities, such as college students' entrepreneurial competition and entrepreneurial plan competition. Secondly, college students can get in touch with the society, understand the market, hone their minds and improve their comprehensive quality by participating in activities such as community organizations, entrepreneurship practice, vocational practice, part-time job hunting experience, and market and social surveys. Third, business activities are everywhere. College students can communicate with friends and relatives who have entrepreneurial experience, and even visit their admired business people by email or telephone, or consult some professional institutions. These "experienced people" often gain more from experience than from books. Obtaining the most direct entrepreneurial skills and experience through this kind of interpersonal communication will benefit college students greatly in the process of entrepreneurship. Fourth, engage in real entrepreneurial practice. Before and after graduation, you can enter the initial stage of entrepreneurship. You can rent or contract a small shop alone or with your classmates in turn, or process, repair, or sell and serve, so as to improve your entrepreneurial ability in real entrepreneurial practice. These activities have become the first step for college students to enter the social classroom. At the same time, in the process of participating in practice, college students not only accumulate experience for future entrepreneurial activities, but also cultivate the abilities of analyzing and solving problems, organizing and coordinating, managing, responding to emergencies, expressing words, etc., which is also conducive to enhancing college students' entrepreneurial awareness and enthusiasm, providing them with psychological preparation for dealing with setbacks and various difficulties, and promoting college students' entrepreneurial success.
Through the research, I hope to provide constructive survey results and information for college students, popularize the concept of entrepreneurship, make up for the lack of understanding of society in the campus of university growth expectations, and increase the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship in the future.
After a month's investigation, with the strong support of the teachers of the telecom branch and the Communist Youth League cadres, our group completed the investigation. Due to the rush of time, limited level and initial writing, we also have many shortcomings and defects in our daily work, investigation methods, report paper format and so on. I hope the judges can give us valuable opinions and make reference for our future work!