Zhou Xiangeng (1903.08.10-1996.02.04) is a psychologist and educator. China, the founder of experimental and applied psychology, is one of the main founders of the Chinese Psychological Society. He was once the executive director of the Chinese Psychological Society, a distinguished member of the China Academy of Sciences and a preparatory member of the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Zhou Xiangeng, 19 16, admitted to Tsinghua University. 1924 After graduation, I went to Nanjing Southeast University for one year. 1925 studying in the United States. 65438-0930 received his Ph.D. from the psychology department of Stanford University. 1984 consultant of China social psychology society. 1985 consultant of China mental health association. 1986 was hired as a consultant of Beijing Psychological Society.
Zhou Xiangeng, in the 1920s, engaged in the experimental research on the influence of horizontal and vertical arrangement of Chinese characters on reading and the structure of Chinese character gestalt, and invented the experimental instrument-four-door quick indicator, which initiated the research field of Chinese character psychology. In 1930s, he engaged in the investigation and experimental research of industrial psychology, and became a pioneer in the research of industrial psychology in China. The study on the relationship between age and learning ability in Dingxian County, Hebei Province drew a literacy curve, which psychologists called "Zhou Xiangeng curve" at that time.
Chinese name: Zhou Xiangeng.
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Quanjiao County, Anhui Province
Date of birth:1Aug. 903 10.
Date of death:1February 4, 996
Occupation: teaching and scientific research worker
Graduate school: Stanford University, USA
Main achievements: four-door quick indicator
Representative works: Zhou Xiangeng's works.
The life of the character
1August 903 10 was born in jinchenggang village, Quanjiao county, Anhui province. When he was 3 years old, his father died of illness, and his family circumstances made Zhou Xiangeng develop filial piety, no trouble, diligence and diligence.
19 16 was admitted to Beijing Tsinghua school and studied science and engineering for 8 years.
1924 to study library science in the Law Department of Nanjing National Southeast University 1 year. He chose library science in order to read more. This year, he became interested in psychology.
65438-0925 was admitted to the Department of Psychology, School of Biology, Stanford University, and began his psychological career for more than 60 years.
1926 received a bachelor's degree from Stanford university, 1928 received a master's degree, and 1930 received a doctorate. Later, he traveled to Europe and stayed in London, Brussels and Berlin 1 year. In the meantime, he wrote a theoretical paper, The Movie View of Psychology, which was published in the American Journal of Psychological Review (193 1). Later, he passed through Poland and the Soviet Union and returned to Peiping at 193 1 to become a professor in the Department of Psychology of Tsinghua University Science College.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/935, Nanjing Academia Sinica and Tsinghua University Institute of Science began to cooperate in the study of industrial psychology. Since then, Zhou Xiangeng has been actively exploring the application of psychology in China industry.
1In August, 935, He, Chen Li, Chen Hanbiao, Zheng and others began to enter Beiping Nankou Machinery Factory to investigate and study the employee incentive-suggestion system, trying to explore ways to mobilize employees' enthusiasm from a psychological perspective. The research lasted for two years, and Zhou Xiangeng and Chen Li interviewed the workers in the machinery factory to encourage them to actively participate in data collection. Unfortunately, the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression forced the investigation and study of industrial psychology in Nankou Machinery Factory to stop.
1in March, 945, Zhou Xiangeng was invited to participate in the military psychological test conducted by H.A.Murray, a famous American psychologist and founder of thematic apperception test.
1938- 1948, head of psychology department in Tsinghua University, and also attended classes in Beijing Normal University and Fu Jen Catholic University.
After the adjustment of 1952, he became a professor of psychology in the Department of Philosophy of Peking University (from 1978 to the Department of Psychology).
1977, psychology regained its vitality. The book "Introduction to Psychology" written by Kreiger, translated collectively by the teachers of psychology department of Peking University, was revised by Zhou Xiangeng and officially published on 1980.
From 65438 to 0980, Zhou Xiangeng began to organize teachers and students to translate hilgard's Introduction to Psychology. Since then, many works have been translated and revised, which played an important role in contacting domestic scholars and understanding the current situation of foreign psychology during the period of psychological reconstruction.
From 65438 to 0987, Zhou Xiangeng left the front line of teaching and research because of his retirement.
Zhou Xiangeng died on 1996.
Major achievements
achievements in scientific research
Zhou Xiangeng's master's and doctoral thesis at Stanford University is about the invention of four quick indicators. At that time, he was engaged in studying the influence of Chinese characters on reading by experimental methods. The four-door speedometer is designed and manufactured to study this subject. Speed indicator is an instrument used to control the presentation time of visual stimuli (such as Chinese characters) to study subjects' reactions (such as reading speed and accuracy). It is named after the movement of four baffles to cover or expose stimuli.
Zhou Xiangeng's paper was read out at the ninth annual meeting of international psychology in 1929, and then published in the American Journal of Experimental Psychology (volume 12), which had a wide influence. The speedometer can be used not only in the research of Chinese character recognition, but also in the experimental research of reaction time, visual perception, learning and memory. This invention has played a positive role in promoting the development of experimental psychology. Zhou Xiangeng's experimental results on the influence of vertical and horizontal arrangement of Chinese characters on reading confirmed the specific conditions that determine the quality of vertical and horizontal arrangement of Chinese characters. In addition, he also analyzed the gestalt structure of Chinese characters, which provided a basis for the experimental work. The papers were published in 1929 and 1930 respectively in the American Journal of Experimental Psychology. Since the 1920s, it has become an important branch of psychology to study the characteristics and cognitive process of Chinese characters with psychological principles and methods, and to apply the results to Chinese character teaching, Chinese character reform, Chinese character coding and information processing, which has played an important role in practice. Zhou Xiangeng's Study on Chinese Character Reading is a pioneering work of Chinese character psychology, which has played a positive role in promoting the research and formation of Chinese character psychology.
Zhou Xiangeng has been engaged in the teaching and research of experimental psychology and applied psychology. At the same time, I also call on psychologists to pay attention to the research of experiment and applied psychology. He applied psychology to practice and served the society, and became a tool to promote the development of psychology.
193 1- 1937, Zhou Xiangeng, entrusted by the China Association for the Promotion of Civilian Education, conducted a study on the relationship between age and learning ability in Dingxian County, Hebei Province, and published "A Brief Introduction to the Statistical Results of Examinations in Dingxian County over the Years" (Examination Magazine, Volume II, No.3, 1935). The results show that a curve of literacy ability of subjects aged 7-70 was called "Zhou Xiangeng curve" by psychologists at that time. This curve shows the change of literacy ability at different ages, and Zhou Xiangeng gave an appropriate explanation for the change of this curve.
1934- 1935, Zhou Xiangeng directed the study of skin electrical reflex in the brain department of Beijing Private Union Medical College. The research results further prove that the change of skin conductivity is directly related to the change of emotional state. As a means of detection, "polygraph" is an instrument to record the changes of physiological and psychological indicators such as skin conductivity under emotional changes. Zhou Xiangeng's research results on skin electrical reflex can be said to be the earliest work to develop a "lie detector" in China.
1935- 1937, Zhou Xiangeng cooperated with Chen Li in the Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica, and investigated the rationalization suggestions put forward by the employees of Beiping Nankou Locomotive Factory, trying to explore ways to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees from a psychological perspective. This is the earliest experimental study of industrial psychology in China. Zhou Xiangeng has published many papers on industrial psychology, such as The Road to the Development of Industrial Psychology in China, The Rise of Industrial Psychology in China, Psychological Survey of Workers, Factory Hint System, Traffic and Industrial Safety, etc. 1943 held a seminar on industrial psychology in Kunming, 1958 attended the seminar on rationalization of business activities in Beijing.
In addition, Zhou Xiangeng is also engaged in color hobbies and a lot of military psychology research. 1937 read out his paper "New Methods of Experiencing Emotion" at the1/annual international psychology conference. 1948 read out his paper "Theoretical Issues on McDougall William's Instinct and Motivation" at the 12 International Psychological Annual Conference.
From 1950s to 1970s, the development of psychology in China was once restricted, and Zhou Xiangeng's research work was also affected. However, he never slackened off. In teaching, he keeps offering new courses. In order to popularize psychological knowledge, he wrote articles and books on memory, interest and ability, and also translated famous psychological works, such as Wu Weishi's Experimental Psychology and Pavlov's works. At the end of 1970s, China's psychological research gradually recovered and flourished. He devoted himself to introducing important works of western psychology, and organized the translation and revision of books such as Psychological Methods and Psychological Outline.
personnel training
Zhou Xiangeng, who has published works such as Talking about Genius, Psychological Outline and Social Psychology, has been engaged in psychological education and teaching for 58 years and trained a large number of students. Such as Cao Richang, Chen Hanbiao, Deng Futang, Xu Liancang and a large number of psychologists in Zengxing Primary School; Biologists such as He Zheng; Tian Rukang and other anthropologists. While teaching the course of experimental psychology, I began to write Primary Experimental Psychology with Mou Naizuo, a psychology graduate. * * * * includes the contents and experimental steps of 46 psychological experiments. 65438-0932 Primary experimental psychology is printed by the Department of Psychology and then used by students.
social service
1950 was hired as a distinguished academician of China Academy of Sciences.
From 65438 to 0982, he was the editorial board member of China Encyclopedia of Psychology.
1984, consultant of China social psychology society.
1985, consultant of China Mental Health Association.
1986, applying for the position of consultant of Beijing Psychological Society.
Personality assessment
As the founder of experimental psychology in China, Mr. Zhou Xiangeng worked hard all his life and made great contributions to the establishment and development of modern psychology in China. (Yan Shuchang)
Professor Zhou Xiangeng's early experience of studying in the United States laid a certain foundation for his later psychological research and even his lifelong achievements. He is not only the founder of Chinese character psychology in China and experimental and applied psychology in China, but also the pioneer of industrial psychology in China and military psychology in China. (Liu Qiumei, Liu Dongxia)
As one of the pioneers of modern psychological technology in China, Zhou Xiangeng strongly advocated the construction of psychological technology, which was widely used in many fields, such as the innovation of experimental psychological technology, the construction of national defense psychology and military psychology, psychological testing and the popularization of school mental health. Zhou Xiangeng's four-door quick indication system promoted the experimental study of Chinese character reading. The psychological evaluation of paratroopers selection in cooperation with the famous American psychologist H.A.Hurray provides a scientific basis for the country to select professional military talents. He systematically investigated the relationship between age and learning ability through psychological tests in Dingxian county, Hebei province, and obtained the "Zhou Xiangeng curve" which is quite famous in the field of psychology in China. Zhou Xiangeng devoted himself to the research of psychological technology all his life, which not only showed his rigorous attitude towards scholarship, but also fully demonstrated his patriotic feelings. (Yan, Zhou Xiangeng)
Commemorative figures
201165438+10 in 2003, Peking University Museum of History held the "Photo Exhibition on the 60th Anniversary of Zhou Xiangeng's Birth +0 10".
20 13, 10/0 On October 26th, Tsinghua University held the anniversary of Zhou Xiangeng's birth110 and the launching ceremony of Zhou Xiangeng's collected works.