1On February 4th, 946, the world's first electronic computer "ENIAC electronic numerical value and calculator" customized by the US military came out at the University of Pennsylvania.
Eniac (Chinese name: ENIAC) was developed by Oberding Weapon Test Range to meet the needs of trajectory calculation. This calculator uses 17840 electron tubes, with a size of 80 feet ×8 feet and a weight of 28t (tons). Its power consumption is 170kW, its operation speed is 5000 times per second, and its cost is about 487,000 dollars.
The advent of ENIAC is of epoch-making significance, which indicates the arrival of the era of electronic computers. In the next 60 years, computer technology will develop at an amazing speed, and the cost performance of any technology can be improved by 6 orders of magnitude within 30 years.
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The development of computers:
1, electronic tube digital machine (1946—1958);
In hardware, the logic element is vacuum tube, and the main memory is mercury delay line, cathode ray oscilloscope electrostatic memory, magnetic drum and magnetic core. External storage uses magnetic tape. The software uses machine language and assembly language. The application fields are mainly military and scientific computing.
2, transistor digital machine (1958- 1964):
The application fields of hardware operating system, high-level language and its compiler are mainly scientific calculation and transaction processing, and begin to enter the field of industrial control.
Its characteristics are smaller size, lower energy consumption, higher reliability, faster operation speed (generally 654.38+ million times per second, up to 3 million times), and its performance is better than that of 654.38+0 generation computers.
3, integrated circuit digital machine (1964- 1970):
In terms of hardware, small and medium-sized integrated circuits (MSI, SSI) are used as logic elements, and the magnetic core is still used as main memory. In terms of software, there are time-sharing operating systems and structured and large-scale programming methods.
It is characterized by faster speed (usually millions to tens of millions of times per second), significantly improved reliability, further reduced price, and products moving towards universality, serialization and standardization. The application field began to enter the field of word processing and graphic image processing.
4, large scale integrated circuit machine (1970):
In terms of hardware, logic elements are large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits (LSI and VLSI). In software, database management system, network management system and object-oriented language have appeared.
197 1 year, the world's first microprocessor was born in silicon valley, which opened a new era of microcomputers. The application fields are gradually moving from scientific calculation, transaction management and process control to family.
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