The word "long and thick" comes from the part of "rewarding diligence by heaven" and "promoting weaving", and the word "long" in "rewarding diligence by heaven". There are no notes in the textbook. The teaching materials, teaching plans and general teaching AIDS used by teachers are also not explained.
Xinhua Dictionary, Modern Chinese Dictionary, Dictionary of Common Words in Ancient Chinese, and even the modern translation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi (Yuelu Bookstore, version 1997.7) in Tang Dynasty, the annotation of the word "long" is relatively brief, which seems to be incompatible with "long and thick" and has not been included. The Commercial Press 1988.7 edition of Etymology has detailed notes, and its main points are recorded today: 1. Chá ng (1).
The winner is longer than the two lines. (2) The object has a long diameter.
(3) time is long. (4) far.
5] Often. [6] Good, very good.
2.zh m: ng (7) is the antonym of youth, and adults are longer. Old.
(9) those who are in the same industry respect others. ⑽ Article 1.
Like the eldest son and grandson. ⑾ The person with the highest position.
⑿ advocate. (13) grow, grow.
[14] support. 3.⒂, the rest Zhang Geng.
See "Three Common Things". There is no "long and thick" entry, which is difficult to identify.
If we narrow the meaning of "long-term" to "(3) long-term. (4) far.
5] Often. [6] Good, very good. "
Can be pronounced as the first pronunciation cháng. When simplified to (3), (4) and (5), "long and thick" can be regarded as a biased structure, similar to "consistent loyalty".
When it is simplified to [6], it can be considered as a joint structure, which is similar to the meaning of "kindness and faithfulness". Narrowed to "⑿ advocacy.
(13) grow, grow. [14] support. "
Well, it can be regarded as a subject-predicate structure, which means "deliberately and actively' cultivate'" and can be pronounced as the second pronunciation zh m: ng. However, combining the text content with the personality development of celebrities, whether it is "consistent loyalty", "good loyalty" or "intentional and active" cultivation ",it is difficult to implement and not appropriate enough.
Other meanings get along further. There is only one "Erchang" entry in Ci Yuan: the names of one-year-old father and brother.
Second, the name of the noble. Names of respected and honest people.
The four Buddhist scriptures call the ten virtuous elders. Ten virtues: refers to the family name is expensive, the position is high, the wealth is big, the wisdom is deep, the age is old, the line is clean, the gift is prepared, the music is high, and the next one is returned.
Since "Chang -2" has the meaning of "three sincere people" and "Hou" has the meaning of kindness, faithfulness and softness, if "Chang-Hou" is regarded as a phrase with a combined structure, and "Chang-Hou" and "Hou" are synonymous, meaning kindness, faithfulness and softness, in this sense, we will Academy Press, 2004. 1 1 The first edition of the optimization of middle school textbooks? China? The second book of Senior Two is a summary translation of "Heaven rewards diligence, accumulating wealth and thinning hair" into "Heaven rewards diligence, accumulating wealth and thinning hair".
People think that "long" and "thick" are synonyms. Then according to "dragon 2", "dragon" can be pronounced as the second pronunciation zh m 4 ng.
However, the above five most authoritative dictionaries of ancient Chinese, as well as related teaching and learning guidance materials, all lack the meaningful support of "long" as "thick" explanation. Looking up other dictionaries, the Ancient Chinese Dictionary published by the Commercial Press in 2003.2 has an explanation of "Chang", and also includes the term "elder", and it is noted that its pronunciation is zh?ng, which is consistent with the pronunciation of "Chang 2" in Ci Yuan. The definition is basically the same as that in Etymology.
Although the word "Chang Hou" is not included, the meaning of "Chang Hou" is slightly different from that of "Ci Yuan", but the meaning of "⒂ respect and sincerity" is specially added, which makes up for the lack of semantic options in the five most authoritative dictionaries and related teaching AIDS, and can prove that "Chang" is interpreted as "Hou", that is, both. Therefore, in combination with the notes on "Chang" in Etymology (1988.7 edition) and Ancient Chinese Dictionary (2003.2 edition) published by the Commercial Press, I think that "Chang (zh ng) Hou" can be supplemented with the notes: [Chang (zhng) Hou] is a combination of structural phrases, synonymous compounds and kindness.
2. Translation is biased towards one side. The translation of ancient Chinese urgently attaches importance to or gives preferential treatment to one party, and despises or ignores the other.
Metaphor treats these two aspects differently. Said by: Biography of Liang Shu He Chen: "If you get married, you will be influenced by me. If you go out, you will be handed down. You want to be thinner than this and thicker than that. Although this service is down, it will take a long time.
"Example: Zhang Shusheng was born in the Huai Army and supported the border guards. Many people have already spoken. ◎ The synonym of Levin's History of Qing Palace (Volume II): Prefer others, favor one over the other.
Attach importance to or give preferential treatment to one party, despise or ignore the other. Metaphor treats these two aspects differently.
Said by: Biography of Liang Shu He Chen: So, if you get married, you will be influenced by me. When you come out, you will be passed. You want to be thinner than this and thicker than that. Although this service is down, it will be very long. " Example: Zhang Shusheng was born in Huai Army and supported the border guards. Many people have spoken.
◎ Levin's History of the Qing Palace, Volume II, synonym: Look at each other differently, favor one over the other, favor one over the other. The antonym is just, fair weather and equal treatment. Grammar: joints; As predicate, object, attribute and adverbial; It describes Taizong, who is prejudiced against things. He is extremely handsome and different. He held it privately and hid it in his arms when he saw Zheng Gong. As we all know, there was a white matter before, because the ancient emperor was a little ironic.
For a long time, the emperor regretted the death of the owl, but he was strict and sincere and wanted to do his best. From time to time, the harrier died in his arms.
Emperor Taizong got an eagle, which was very beautiful. He put it on his arm privately (in the inner palace, not in the court), and when he saw Wei Zhi coming, he hid it in his arms. After Wei Zhi knew it, he reported it, and told the story of the ancient emperor's death because of his ease and enjoyment, and secretly warned Emperor Taizong.
Wei Zhi talked for a long time, and Emperor Taizong was worried that vultures would strangle him, because Emperor Taizong had always respected Wei Zhi and wanted him to make his words shorter. However, Wei Zhi kept saying that the eagle died in the arms of Emperor Taizong.
Absolutely: extremely, very. Elegance: Beautiful.
Private: private. Arm 1: Put the kite on your arm.
Front: Go ahead. White matter: report and state things.
Leisure: Relaxation and enjoyment. Micro: Secretly.
Irony: exhortation. Pity: pity and worry.
And: Will. Sue: All the time.
3. Classical Chinese translation, thick and thin, thin and thick/,what do you mean? Another thing is to find the original text. Look at the way of university (1), Mingde (2), being close to the people (3), and stop at perfection.
Zhi Zhi ④ then settled down; Calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; After thinking about it, you can get (5). Things start and end, and things end.
If you know the order, you will find a shortcut. If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern your country, get your family together first (6); If you want to keep your family together, you should take physical exercises first (7); If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; If you want to be sincere, let them know first (8); Know in the case (9).
Things are known; Knowing it is sincere; Sincerity before righteousness; Put your mind right and practice again; After the body is repaired, the family is clean and tidy; Family harmony, and then national governance; The country rules and the world is at peace. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren (10), self-cultivation is the main method (1 1).
No one can cure the final disorder (12). Thick is thin, thin is thick (13), and finally (14)! Note (Beijing) (1) The way of university: the purpose of university.
The word "university" has two meanings in ancient times: one is the meaning of "learning"; The second is "adult learning" relative to primary schools. Ancient eight-year primary schools learned basic cultural knowledge and etiquette such as "sweeping to cope with advance and retreat, shooting books to be polite and happy"; At the age of fifteen, I went to college to study ethics, politics, philosophy and other knowledge, such as "being poor means being benevolent, cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world".
So the latter meaning is actually similar to the former meaning, and it also means "erudition". The original meaning of "Tao" is Tao, and it is extended to law and reason. In China's ancient philosophy and politics, it also refers to the origin and individual of all things in the universe, a certain political viewpoint or ideology, etc. It has different meanings in different contexts.
(2) Ming Ming De: As a verb, the former "Ming" means to make it move, that is, "to make it clear", which means to carry forward and carry forward. The latter "Ming" is an adjective, and Mingde is also an aboveboard figure.
(3) Being close to the people: According to later generations, "pro" should be "new", that is, innovation, abandoning the old and seeking the new. Being close to the people means being new to the people, which makes people abandon the old and seek the new, and get rid of evil and do good.
(4) Zhi Zhi: Know the target. (5) gain: gain.
(6) Manage your family well: manage your family well to make it harmonious, prosperous and prosperous. (7) Self-cultivation: Self-cultivation.
(8) Know it: make yourself acquire knowledge. (9) Wu Ge: Understand and study everything.
. Shu Ren: It refers to ordinary people.
(1 1) One is: both. Ben: Not at all.
(12) End: Compared with Ben, it refers to branches and the ends of branches. (13) thick people are thin: people who should pay attention are not.
Thin is thick: pay attention to what you should not pay attention to. (14) Nothing: Nothing.
There is no such reason (thing, method, etc.). The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people abandon the old and establish the new, and make people reach the most perfect state.
Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end.
Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things. In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything.
Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we manage the family and family well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented.
If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. Regardless of priorities, it is impossible to put the cart before the horse, and I want to do a good job! What is shown here is the pursuit of the three cardinal guides and eight aims of Confucianism.
The so-called "three cardinal guides" means to point out morality, new people and perfection. It is not only the program purport of "University", but also the goal of "teaching from the world" of Confucianism.
The so-called "eight eyes" refers to discipline, knowledge, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. It is not only an introductory kung fu designed to realize the "three cardinal guides", but also a life learning ladder displayed by Confucianism.
Looking at the Four Books and Five Classics, we find that all the theories of Confucianism actually develop along these three cardinal principles and eight orders. Therefore, mastering these three basic principles and eight orders is equivalent to mastering a key to open the door of Confucianism.
Step by step along this learning ladder, you will walk into the room and feel the classic meaning of cowardice. As far as the ladder itself is concerned, it actually includes two aspects: "internal repair" and "external treatment": the first four levels of "discipline, knowledge, honesty and correctness" are "internal repair"; The last three principles of "managing the family, governing the country and calming the world" are "external governance".
The middle "self-cultivation" link is the hub connecting "internal cultivation" and "external treatment", which is independent of the previous "internal cultivation" project; It is related to the next item of "external governance", that is, "doing good to the world." For more than 2,000 years, generations of China intellectuals have laid their own life course on this ladder, that is, "if you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are up to it, you will help the world" (Mencius).
Therefore, in essence, it is not only a series of theoretical learning steps, but also a life pursuit ladder with strong practical color. It has cast the personality psychology of China intellectuals from generation to generation, and it still plays a subtle role in us.
Whether you are conscious or unconscious, whether you are positive or negative, the concept of "integrity, dedication, sincerity, integrity, harmony, governance and equality" always affects your thoughts or actions implicitly or explicitly, so that you can finally find your life course in this Confucianism.