assistant
New teachers have been engaged in teaching assistance for one year or more before being hired as lecturers, and are familiar with the basic teaching conditions and teaching organization of universities. The teaching assistant can also be a graduate student who is studying for a doctorate. In many countries, doctoral students undertake the work of teaching assistants, rather than setting up teaching posts at the level of teaching assistants.
The main task of teaching assistants is to assist teaching. The leading aspect of teaching assistants assisting university education is to help the course teaching system composed of professors and students operate normally. There are two main ways for him to work: one is to assist professors; The other is to help develop a course, which may be undertaken by several professors, or it may be directed by professors and offered by teaching assistants themselves. The professor selected two of his graduate students to help prepare lessons, organize materials and organize classroom teaching. This is the most junior "teaching assistant"
lecturer
A university teacher who can offer one or more courses independently. Lecturers also have different grades. An excellent lecturer can set his course as a basic course that has made great contributions to his subject, and his teaching methods, experimental methods and basic norms will become a compulsory step for students, thus meeting the basic requirements of university education. Lecturers can also do some primary work, basically filling the vacancy left by the normal teaching of professors and associate professors, so as to improve the whole teaching system. In addition, there are often some complete teaching units that will hire lecturers to teach some courses that they can't afford but students must study. For example, in Peking University, only full-time teachers could become professors, and all part-time teachers were called lecturers. At that time, famous lecturers were Liang Shuming and Lu Xun. This shows that the level of the lecturer is not necessarily worse than that of the professor, but the task is different.
associate professor
In principle, associate professors not only have the ability to start classes, but also have a full understanding of the overall situation of the subject, can preside over research projects by themselves, and can constantly open the latest research into new courses in the form of academic discussions. On the one hand, he teaches students relevant knowledge, on the other hand, he trains students to master the methods of acquiring knowledge and preach and teach students to solve doubts. So strictly speaking, since an associate professor is already a professor, he must have enough ability to guide all "learners" in his major, including undergraduates, master students and doctoral students, and finish their graduation thesis. As mentioned above, an associate professor does not necessarily require a higher level of knowledge than a lecturer, but the nature of his task is different. He also has a greater responsibility than a lecturer in the university system in imparting knowledge and methods. In terms of knowledge, he is required to have a comprehensive understanding of all the knowledge of his major and an in-depth study of a problem; In terms of methods, he is required to know all the methods of his major, and he himself has a good grasp of one of them. He can not only guide the students of this major to complete the research, but also ensure that the thesis is completed at a high level according to the norms of the methods of this subject when the methods adopted by doctoral students are slightly beyond the existing methods or even adopt new methods.
professor
Professors are the main body in universities, and the leadership work in universities is undertaken by professors. The function of a professor is different from that of an associate professor. In terms of knowledge, the requirements for professors are no different from those for associate professors. However, there is a major difference in methods: a professor can not only master and skillfully use the existing methods of the subject, but also make contributions to the methodology of the subject. That is to say, when he encounters a problem, he not only knows how to use the existing methods to solve it, but also can or has created some methods to provide ideas and means for solving related problems. Professors, like associate professors, should undertake undergraduate teaching and guide graduate students, especially when there are no ready-made things in the existing knowledge and methods reserves, they should complete groundbreaking work. In addition, professors should also promote the development of this subject in the world. He must have a clear understanding of this subject, have convenient communication with experts in this bank, train and train senior researchers in this subject through regular academic conferences and projects, and lead them to cooperate collectively to complete the tasks put forward by science.
doctoral supervisor
The Academic Degree Office of the Ministry of Education explained that the doctoral supervisor is not a professional title, nor an honorary title, but a job. Yang Lianfen, a professor at the College of Literature of Beijing Normal University, defines a doctoral tutor as follows: "Just like a professor, a doctoral tutor has always been used as a title, and it is a higher title than a professor, because generally only a professor can apply for a doctoral tutor first." Liu Zhiguang, a professor at Peking University Institute of Marxism, believes that doctoral supervisor is a title between professor and academician. This is the general view of university professors on doctoral supervisors.