This name just corresponds to the three elements of narrative: time, place and character. I didn't expect that many years later, Zhang Jinqiu really became a "person".
1987 so far, he has been the chief architect of China Northwest Architectural Design and Research Institute; 199 1 year won the title of the first batch of China engineering construction design masters; 1994 was elected as the first academician of China Academy of Engineering; In 2000, she won the Liang Sicheng Architecture Award; In 2009, Shaanxi History Museum and Yan 'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall, which she presided over, were selected as one hundred classic projects for the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China. ...
Zhang Jinqiu doesn't care much about these honors. "Architects are service industries and don't have to look so high." She spoke with a smile, kindness and humility. When it comes to happiness, she hides her face and laughs, giving out the feeling of "really funny" and "particularly funny". She was kind and friendly, and fell in love at first sight.
Her office is only a few steps away from Xi 'an North Wall, except for books and flowers. The city wall maintains the soul of Xi, a thousand-year-old ancient capital. With his own talent and painstaking efforts, Zhang Jinqiu has designed magnificent, beautiful, simple and comfortable architectural works, protected Xi 'an together with the city wall, and inherited the Millennium architectural context of China. Ba Jin said to her: "People will have different goals of pursuit and worship in different periods."
Time, place, people, events. Zhang Jinqiu's name lacks the element of "event", and he was interested in literary works about "event" when he was a child.
From 65438 to 0948, she moved to Shanghai with her parents and entered Shanghai Liwuben Girls' Middle School (later renamed Liben Second Girls' Middle School). Soon, the teacher in the school library got to know the little girl because she became a frequent visitor here. Gorky, lev tolstoy, romain rolland, Turgenev ... She has read all the works of these literary giants. Soon, the small library can't satisfy her appetite-she has read all the books she can.
Zhang Jinqiu began to dream of being a writer. She wrote to Ba Jin for advice and asked a sharp question: Ba Jin's pen name "Jin" comes from Kropotkin, but this is an anarchist. How can you worship him?
I sincerely hope that, to my surprise, Ba Jin wrote back. The letter has been lost, but Zhang Jinqiu still remembers the explanation given by Ba Jin: "People will have different goals of pursuit and worship in different times."
Ba Jin's reply excited her. Just when the writer's dream was in full swing, her father's words completely changed her life track.
Before filling in his college volunteer, his father asked Zhang Jinqiu to give up the idea of being a writer, on the grounds that he had to have extraordinary talent to write professional literary works, and good writing alone could not make a difference. He also analyzed Zhang Jinqiu's study, and thought that her math and physics scores were good, and her art was not bad, so she was suitable for being an architect. Zhang Jinqiu said that her father wanted her to work in architectural design because he had a wish. At that time, her brother was already learning shipbuilding technology, and his father wanted his two children to build houses at sea and on land.
"My father is very romantic, which makes me feel that being an architect is as romantic as being a writer, so I should accept it." Looking back carefully, Zhang Jinqiu felt that she had followed her father's advice without too many conflicts, mainly because architectural design had already been integrated into her life.
Her father studied civil engineering and worked in highway technology all his life. Her mother was studying in the Department of Architecture of Nanjing Central University, and got full marks in the course of architectural history. Her great uncle studied architectural design in Germany and once taught in the Department of Architecture of Tongji University. Aunt Zhang Yuquan let her intuitively feel the beauty of learning architectural design.
Zhang Yuquan is the first generation female architect in China and the first independent female architect in China. During their stay in Shanghai, the Zhang Jinqiu family lived in the spacious home of their aunt Zhang Yuquan.
Zhang Jinqiu still remembers that there are big drawing boards in the dining room and bedroom at home, and the drawing tables are also very high. She often does her homework on the big drawing boards on these desks. There are many architectural magazines in the cupboard, which Zhang Jinqiu can read when he has something to do. In particular, the wall of the living room is covered with photos of Zhang Yuquan's design works. "The house in the photo is very beautiful, all designed by my aunt. I can be proud. Therefore, from my childhood, architectural design is a noble and beautiful career. "
The family environment made Zhang Jinqiu resolutely listen to his father's advice and give up his career. However, the cultivation of her love of literature has benefited her for life. The breath of literature permeates between the form and spirit of her works. Liang Sicheng said to her, "It's good that you are interested in studying China gardens."
Zhang Jinqiu tutor Liang Sicheng
From 65438 to 0954, Zhang Jinqiu entered Tsinghua University as he wished and studied in the Department of Architecture. 196 1 stayed in school to study for graduate students majoring in architectural history and theory, and the tutor was Mr. Liang Sicheng, a Chinese architectural academic master.
During his undergraduate study, Zhang Jinqiu always looked at the academic and spiritual leader of the whole architecture department from a distance with admiration. On entering the house, Zhang Jinqiu found that he was a peaceful, kind and elegant elder.
Liang Sicheng's study became another classroom between teachers and students. Zhang Jinqiu still remembers the decoration of this "classroom": "The study faces south, and there are two big windows, which are very bright. Liang Hong's desk is arranged at the east end of the room. The west wall opposite the desk is lined with bookshelves. On the right front of the desk is a sofa. On the left front is a wooden coffee table and an armchair. The small house is simple and comfortable, compact and not crowded. At the turn of winter and spring, Lianggong likes to put a pot of cyclamen in the right corner of the desk, and the beautiful red flowers look like business. "
For Kan Kan, this is such a warm place to talk and a place for scholars to listen. Every bit of Liang Sicheng's words and deeds is engraved in Zhang Jinqiu's mind.
On one occasion, Liang Sicheng said that he liked the bold and handsome artistic style, but his words and paintings were so neat that the "handsome" flavor was not enough, which was a lifelong regret. He also picked up a manuscript from his desk for Zhang Jinqiu to read, and said, "If I am not handsome, I will write neatly, at least for people to see clearly."
The speaker has no intention, but the listener has intention. Zhang Jinqiu said, "It is this sentence that makes me never dare to stretch my arms and legs and scribble' free body'."
Liang Sicheng showed great concern for this "female general". At that time, he was going to study the most complete architectural technology book in ancient China, Architectural Methods in Song Dynasty, and he planned to let Zhang Jinqiu participate in the research, but the student had his own opinion.
Zhang Jinqiu participated in the investigation activities of ancient buildings of the Architectural History Teaching and Research Group. After going to chengde mountain resort, I visited the classical gardens in Wuxi, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and Shanghai. "I was completely fascinated by them. The classical gardens in China are so delicious that they are inexhaustible treasures! " After a lapse of nearly 50 years, Zhang Jinqiu recalled the shock brought to her by the traditional gardens in China, and she was still excited and deeply touched.
She decided to choose the topic of her thesis around the garden. But Zhang Jinqiu felt as if she had made a mistake, because some teachers and classmates told her that there were others who wanted to work with Mr. Liang, but they didn't have the chance. How can you Zhang Jinqiu be so presumptuous!
Zhang Jinqiu realized the seriousness of the problem. With a sense of anxiety, she walked into Liang Sicheng's study. "It was a dusk, and the air in the study was quiet and soothing. Liang Gong sat in an round-backed armchair with a smile on his face, like talking about business, like chatting. " Zhang Jinqiu once wrote so poetically. As a result, Liang Sicheng respected her wishes: "It is good that you are interested in studying China gardens." Immediately appointed his right-hand man, Mo Jiang, as Zhang Jinqiu's thesis tutor.
Later, Zhang Jinqiu's research topic was related to the back hill of the Summer Palace, involving the first poem 1 1 written by Qianlong about the scenic spots west of the back hill. Because Qianlong likes to use allusions when writing poems, and some allusions are hardly common, Zhang Jinqiu copied these poems with small pieces of paper and asked Liang Sicheng for advice. "Unexpectedly, he casually said the source of my problem." For example, when Zhang Jinqiu said that coconut leaves are not full of meaning, Liang Sicheng immediately said that it was quoted from the sentence "Betel nut has no ke, coconut leaves have no yin" in Wudu Fu.
At that time, Liang Sicheng was interested in writing notes on these poems. These pieces of paper have been kept in Zhang Jinqiu until today. "Although they are all yellow, I regard them as treasures." She was fascinated and full of emotion when she spoke.
Some time ago, the former residence of Liang Sicheng in Beijing was in danger of being demolished. Zhang Jinqiu was very worried, but now she finally stuck to it. She said that if she had the chance, she would take a trip to Beijing.
In her mind, Liang Sicheng is an outstanding scholar. "His enthusiasm, profound knowledge, sincere feelings for his profession and ambition to carry forward the architectural tradition of the motherland are of great attraction to inspire our younger generation to love their profession, establish a good style of study and join the architectural cause of the motherland."
Like Liang Sicheng, she was deeply infected by Mr. Mo.
He was taught by Liang Sicheng hand-in-hand. Without a college degree, he was promoted to Professor Tsinghua University. Liang Sicheng decided to let him be the tutor of Zhang Jinqiu's garden thesis, because "he has a deep research on classical gardens. Not only is the shape and scale very accurate, but it also has a special feeling for the beauty of the East. It can tell many truths about one mountain, one water, one grass, one tree, one pavilion and one scene. "
Mo is the person in charge of the two inspection activities to decide China Garden. "Everywhere he went, he talked while walking, revealing many beautiful scenery and allusions that we couldn't see or understand, especially commenting on the success or failure of planning and design, which was concise, to the point and reasonable. The systematic knowledge about ancient buildings obtained from him has benefited me for life. "
General Manager Mo Jiang has his own way of guiding Zhang Jinqiu's research. He first asked Zhang Jinqiu to study the landscape features of three buildings in the Summer Palace, namely "One Yun Chi is in", "Chongcui Pavilion" and "Qianfeng Caicui", and then asked her to study the Longwang Temple in Kunming Lake, and then gave her a graduation thesis topic to study the landscape status and landscaping experience of the scenic spots in Shanxi after the Summer Palace. "This is how Mo Gong led me from the surface to the deep, from the surface to the inside, step by step on the road of academic climbing."
In addition to academic guidance, General Mo Jiang also influenced Zhang Jinqiu with his literati temperament. He once said that he would take students to see Xiangshan Waterfall after the heavy rain. Although it didn't happen in the end, such a scene still fascinated Zhang Jinqiu. As one of the four landmark buildings of the Xi World Expo, Chang 'an Tower has attracted much attention since its design. On the one hand, Chang 'an Tower is at the core of the whole park and shoulders an important mission. On the other hand, it is because its designer is a famous academician of China Academy of Engineering and master Zhang Jinqiu, the chief architect of China Northwest Architectural Design and Research Institute.
"The architectural design of the World Expo needs bidding, and the Chang 'an Tower is directly made by the government. The government has a high degree of trust in me, and I am under great pressure. "Zhang Jinqiu said that before the design, the tower should be characterized and positioned." At that time, it was decided to build a tower-shaped building at the core of the park. As for whether to build the ancient pagoda or the west building, it has not been decided yet. "
How to express the theme of "Chang 'an between Heaven and Man, Creative Nature-Harmony between City and Nature" has become the key to successful design. It is not a simple sightseeing tower, but a cultural landmark building. First of all, we should embody China's traditional philosophy and cosmology of "the unity of man and nature". This requires the tower to be integrated with the surrounding landscape and become an organic part of the natural environment. At the same time, people in the tower also feel integrated and interactive with nature. Famous sentences in Tang poetry, such as "Climb high and look far" and "Sit humbly in the sky and wave clouds and smoke", inspired Zhang Jinqiu from China's traditional philosophy of "harmony between man and nature".
On the other hand, as the landmark building of Xi 'an, to express the background of Xi 'an's ancient capital for thousands of years, we must include the historical information of the city. In the traditional culture of China, the tower symbolizes auspiciousness. Zhang Jinqiu said that the towers in the Sui and Tang Dynasties can be divided into three types according to their uses: one is a pagoda, which contains treasures or Buddhist scriptures and Buddha statues; The second is the watchtower; The third is the Feng Shui Tower. Some towers are three in one. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were two wooden pagodas 97 meters high in the southwest corner of Chang 'an City, both of which were "three-in-one" square pagodas. These two wooden pagodas were the landmark buildings of Chang 'an at that time.
Be worthy of being Liang Sicheng's proté gé, Zhang Jinqiu has no simple archaism. "History has turned over 1000 years. Chanba (Expo site) is a land full of modern flavor. If the tower is built completely in the style of the Tang Dynasty, it will not become a new landmark of Xi. "In the design of Chang 'an Tower, she highlighted the distinctive spirit of the times.
The design grasps the principle of looking at the tower from a distance and enjoying the beautiful shape from a close distance. The Chang 'an Pagoda seen from a distance has the modeling characteristics of the square ancient pagoda in the Tang Dynasty. There is a seat on each cornice, which is divided into layers and has a harmonious rhythm. The overhanging eaves of each floor all reflect the trend of "overhanging eaves" of wood structure in Tang Dynasty. Metal components are combined between the eaves and the stigma, which abstractly summarizes the bucket arch system under the eaves of traditional buildings. The glass curtain wall is arranged at the inner side of the outer groove column and fixed with the column and the cross beam through glass ribs. This series of treatments makes the Chang 'an Tower full of tang style Tang rhyme, without losing a crystal-clear sense of modernity. Born and raised in Sri Lanka, not "whispering".
Zhang Jinqiu said: "Chang 'an Pagoda is its soul, tang style Pagoda is its shape, modern steel structure is its skeleton, and high-tech ultra-white glass and stainless steel modeling components are its skin. "
In the inner space of the tower, architects also try to create an eternal green environment. Zhang Jinqiu proposed that the seven-story exposed wall of the tower should be regarded as a huge painting, and a group of Bodhi Woods should be painted by oil painting. Bodhi symbolizes holiness, peace and eternity. This is a vivid imagination of the tower in the garden and the trees in the tower. With the close cooperation of architects, painters and interior designers, this fantasy has finally become a reality.