Wu Jianxiong (191May 31-1February 997 16), a Chinese-American nuclear physicist, was born in Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, and was known as "Madame Curie of the East", who made worldwide contributions to the study of β decay.
1934 graduated from the Physics Department of National Central University with a bachelor's degree and was employed as a teaching assistant in the Physics Department of National Zhejiang University. Later, he entered academia sinica to engage in research work. 1936 entered the university of California, 1940 received his doctorate, 1944 participated in the Manhattan project, and 1948 participated. 1958 was promoted to professor, 1958 was elected as an academician of the American academy of sciences, and 1975 was the first female president of american physical society. In the same year, President Ford awarded her the National Medal of Science, the highest scientific honor in the United States.
Wu Jianxiong 1982 was appointed honorary professor of Nanjing University, Peking University and University of Science and Technology of China, and member of the Academic Committee of Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1994 was elected as the first batch of foreign academicians of China Academy of Sciences.
newton
Sir isaac newton (1643 (Gregorian calendar) 65438+1October 4-65438+March 3 1 0727), chairman of the Royal Society, a famous British physicist, is an encyclopedic "all-rounder" who has written the mathematical principles of natural philosophy and optics. He described gravity and three laws of motion in the paper "Laws of Nature" published by 1687. These descriptions laid the scientific view of the physical world in the next three centuries and became the basis of modern engineering. By demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's law of planetary motion and his theory of gravity, he showed that the movements of ground objects and celestial bodies all follow the same natural law; It provides strong theoretical support for the sun-centered theory and promotes the scientific revolution. In mechanics, Newton expounded the conservation principle of momentum and angular momentum and put forward Newton's law of motion. In optics, he invented reflecting telescope, and based on the observation that a prism diverges white light into the visible spectrum, he developed the color theory. He also systematically expressed the law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. In mathematics, Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz shared the honor of developing calculus. He also proved the generalized binomial theorem and put forward Newton's method to approximate the zero point of function, which contributed to the study of power series. In economics, Newton put forward the gold standard.
[Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)
Albert Einstein (1879.3.14-1955.4.18)-German-American Jew, world-famous physicist, pioneer and founder of modern physics, relativity, "mass-energy relationship" and laser. 199965438+On February 26th, Einstein was selected as "the great man of the century" by American Time magazine.
maxwell
Maxwell (1831.06.13-1879.1.5)-19 century great British physicist and mathematician. Maxwell is mainly engaged in electromagnetic theory, molecular physics, statistical physics, optics, mechanics and elasticity theory. In particular, his electromagnetic field theory, which unifies electricity, magnetism and light, is the most brilliant achievement of the development of physics in the19th century and one of the greatest complexes in the history of science. He predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. This theory was predicted and fully verified by experiments. He erected a monument to physics. Radio technology for the benefit of mankind is developed on the basis of electromagnetic field theory.
bohr
Niels henrik david bohr (niels henrik david bohr,18851October 7th ~196211October 8th)) is a Danish physicist. By introducing quantization conditions, he put forward a Bohr model to explain the spectrum of hydrogen atoms, and put forward the complementary principle to explain quantum mechanics and Copenhagen interpretation, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of physics in the twentieth century. Bohr is the founder of Copenhagen School, Master of Science and Doctor of Science of Copenhagen University, and an academician of Royal Danish Academy of Sciences. He has won the gold medal from the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Art, honorary doctorates from the University of Manchester and Cambridge, and the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Henry Cavendish
Cavendish henry cavendish (also translated by Henry cavendish, 173 1 year1October1day1865438+24 February 2000) is a British physicist and chemist. He made a detailed study of the properties of hydrogen for the first time, proved that water is not a simple substance, and predicted the existence of rare gases in the air. He widely applied the concept of electric potential to electricity and accurately measured the density of the earth. He is considered as one of the greatest scientists in Britain after Newton. During cavendish's long life, he made a series of important discoveries-among them, he was the first person to separate hydrogen, and he was also the first person to oxidize hydrogen and water into water. Because of Cavendish's outstanding contribution in the field of chemistry, later generations called him "Newton in chemistry". One of Cavendish's most admirable great contributions in physics is that he completed the torsion balance experiment to measure the gravitational constant when he was nearly 70 years old, which made Newton's law of gravity no longer a proportional statement, but an accurate quantitative law. The measurement of gravitational constant also provides the most important experimental evidence for the reliability of Newton's law of gravity.
"Galileo"
Italian physicist, astronomer and philosopher Galileo (1564-02-15-1642-01-08) introduced quantitative analysis into physics. Einstein thought that he initiated the research method of modern physics. 1590, Galileo made a famous experiment of "two iron balls landing at the same time" on the leaning tower of Pisa, which overthrew Aristotle's theory that the falling speed of an object is proportional to its weight. He invented an astronomical telescope to observe celestial bodies. He found the unevenness on the surface of the moon and drew the first map of the moon himself. Four moons of Jupiter, sunspots, the rotation of the sun, and the profit and loss phenomena of Venus and Mercury have been discovered successively. These discoveries ushered in a new era of astronomy.
Richard Feynman
Richard feynman (191May 081-1September 08 15), Feynman is a descendant of Russian and Polish Jews who immigrated to the United States at the end of19. American physicist. 1965 Nobel Prize winner in physics. Feynman diagram, Feynman rule and renormalization calculation method are put forward, which are indispensable tools for studying quantum electrodynamics and particle physics. Feynman also discovered the singing method of Humai, and had been looking forward to going to Tuwa, the birthplace of Humai, but he failed in the end. He is regarded as the most intelligent theoretical physicist after Einstein and the first person to put forward the concept of nano. Richard Feynman
Dirac
British theoretical physicist paul dirac (1902.8.8-1984.10.20) is one of the founders of quantum mechanics and has made important contributions to the early development of quantum electrodynamics. He used to be Lucas Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
Spent the last 14 years of his life at Florida State University.
The Dirac equation he gave can describe the physical behavior of fermions and predict the existence of antimatter.
1933, Dirac and Erwin Schr?dinger both won the Nobel Prize in physics for "discovering new forms that are very useful in atomic theory" (namely, the basic equations of quantum mechanics-Schrodinger equation and Dirac equation).
Max Planck
Max Planck Max Planck (1858-1947 65438+1October 4th) Full name: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (German: Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck), a famous German physicist. He made great contributions to the progress of physics because of the discovery of energy quantum, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 19 18. Planck's other little-known great contribution is the derivation of Boltzmann constant K. He made a deeper study along Boltzmann's thought and got Boltzmann constant. In order to show his respect for Professor Boltzmann, he suggested that K be named Boltzmann constant. Planck, a great physicist, deduced the two most important constants K and H in modern physics all his life. 1929 won the Max Planck Medal with Einstein.
michael faraday
Michael faraday (179 1 September 22 ~1August 25, 867) was a British physicist and chemist, and a famous self-taught scientist. He was born in a poor blacksmith family in Newington, Surrey, and only attended primary school. 183 1 year, he made a key breakthrough in the field of electric field and changed human civilization forever. Faraday and William Hull invented many familiar words such as "electrode" and "ion". Michael faraday is a student and assistant of the famous British chemist David. His discovery laid the foundation of electromagnetism and was the pioneer of Maxwell. Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction for the first time in1831/kloc-0+017, which made great contributions to electromagnetism. Faraday invented the first generator and the first device to move objects by using electric current. Although this device is simple, it is the ancestor of all generators in the world today.