The essence of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought can be summarized as one theory and three principles. One is the theory of life education, which is the name of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought; So what do the three principles mean?
Here are some examples to introduce the three principles of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought.
First, return to China after graduation, so that all people in China can receive education.
18911018. Tao Xingzhi was born in a poor teacher's family in Huangtanyuan Village, Xixiang County, Anhui Province. /kloc-when he was 0/4 years old, he set his ambition: "I am from China and want to contribute to China!" The idea of developing people's wisdom through education has been embodied since childhood.
19 14, Tao Xingzhi graduated from Jinling university with the highest score. Tao Xingzhi wrote in his graduation thesis "* * * and Essence": "People are poor, it is better to be rich than not to learn; People's stupidity is not education but wisdom; The party's opinion is not education; Loyal, non-academic. "
Tao Xingzhi, 23, was later recommended by the school to study in the United States. At the age of 26, he received a master's degree in political science from the University of Illinois and a doctorate in education from Columbia University. After finishing his studies, he returned to the motherland without hesitation, and made up his mind on the boat returning home: "After returning home, I want to educate the people of China." .
19 17 China was poor, bitter and backward. At that time, there were 200 million illiterate people in China, and about 70 million children had no chance to receive education. Tao Xingzhi believes that the problem lies in education. So he began to teach in colleges and universities as soon as he returned to China. While teaching, he ran around, founded civilian literacy reading rooms and civilian schools, and promoted the civilian education movement.
At that time, the new culture movement in China was surging, and many cultural celebrities occupied colleges and universities one after another, pointing out the mountains and inspiring writing. Different from them, Tao Xingzhi took off his suit and gave up the generous treatment of university professors (at that time, he could buy a whole set of quadrangles in Beijing with three months' salary), moved to Xiaozhuang, a very backward and poor village in the suburbs of Nanjing, lived in a cowshed and founded Xiaozhuang Experimental Rural Normal School, which is famous at home and abroad.
Second, the three principles of educational thought
Through years of hard work, Mr. Tao Xingzhi has grown into a famous educator in China and formed his own educational thoughts. The core of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought can be summarized as three principles, namely, life is education, society is school, and teaching is integrated.
Life is education, which is the ontology of life education theory, also called the theory of origin. Tao Xingzhi believes that education comes from life and advocates that education should rely on life and transform life. In essence, life determines education, and education changes life.
Society is the school, which is the place theory of life education theory. Mr. Tao believes that society itself is a big school, and advocates that education should rely on the strength of society to meet the needs of society.
Its basic idea is to oppose the "minority education" divorced from life and the masses of the people, and advocate using the strength of all sectors of society to get through the links between schools and society, establish schools that people need, and cultivate talents that society needs.
The integration of teaching and learning is the methodology of life education theory. Teacher Tao believes that teaching methods, learning methods and practice are inseparable in life. Advocating how to do things, students should learn how; Teachers should teach students how to learn. Both teaching methods and learning methods come from practice and are unified in practice.
Third, for example.
Example 1: "Learn what the motherland needs" (life is education)
During the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Tao founded the "Yucai School" in Chongqing to cultivate a new generation of national liberation, and selected many orphans to attend school. One of the female students is the child of a Korean anti-Japanese fighter. Her talent has just begun to show, and her husband loves her very much.
But when Mr. Wang learned that she was a North Korean child, he said in an inquiring tone, "Why don't you join a social group and study social science?" The Korean girl asked inexplicably: "Why? I like writing since I was a child, and I like writing poems ... "
Mr. Wang patiently enlightened: "Your motherland needs philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism more now!" "Mr. Jing pointed out that the girl understood. She seemed to see her father fighting at the foot of Changbai Mountain and was greeting her: Mr. Tao is right.
This example fully shows that Tao Xingzhi teaches students to learn knowledge according to the needs of real life, so that after receiving education, they can learn useful things and better serve the people and social life of the motherland.
Example 2: Society is a school.
Because of Tao Xingzhi's great influence, thousands of children came to Xiaozhuang Normal School to register, and there were not enough desks and chairs in the school. Tao Xingzhi hired a carpenter to make a stool. As soon as the carpenter prepared his tools to work, Tao Xingzhi suddenly said to him, "Master, we didn't let you be a stool."
The carpenter master paused and didn't let me make a stool. Then why did he call me? Tao Xingzhi went on to say, "We ask you to be a teacher. If you teach a student to make a stool, you will get a salary. If you can't teach them, even if you make all the stools, you won't have a penny. "
When the carpenter heard this, he felt fresh and agreed. Tao Xingzhi added: "You teach students to make stools, and students should also teach you cultural knowledge to see who can teach well and learn quickly."
In this way, the students learn to make stools from the carpenter while teaching him cultural knowledge. After a few days, not only the stools in the whole school were finished, but also the students' knowledge was better understood, killing two birds with one stone.
This example shows that society is a big classroom. As long as you put your heart and mind into it, there is something to learn everywhere. Students learn to make stools from carpenters, which enhances their hands-on ability and adds another survival skill to society in the future; The master carpenter learned cultural knowledge from his students, which is of great benefit to further improve his woodworking skills, thus enhancing his viability. This is really learning from teaching.
Fourth, the author comments:
Mr. Tao Xingzhi once said: "Education that is not centered on life is death education. A school without life as the center is a dead school. Books without life as the center are dead books. People who fool around in dead education, dead schools and dead books are all dead. "
Mr. Tao's educational thought-life education theory has certain positive significance in anti-traditional old education. It exposes and criticizes the problems existing in the old education, and at the same time puts forward concrete methods to solve the problems. In the history at that time, many aspects were suitable for popularizing literacy education and eliminating illiteracy.
Under the guidance of the party's educational policy, we should learn from Mr. Tao's educational thought, do a good job in popularizing education and eliminating illiteracy, and work hard to improve the quality of the whole people, comprehensively improve the teaching level and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation at an early date.