Self-raised funds: including their own savings or loans from relatives and friends.
Social financing: by providing high-value fixed collateral, lending to financial institutions such as banks, or borrowing from informal financial institutions through acquaintances or networks, the latter has higher interest rates and greater risks than the former.
The Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China issued the Notice on Supporting and Promoting Employment-related Tax Policies, clarifying that graduates who start their own businesses can enjoy three-year tax reduction and exemption from the graduation year.
Among them, college graduates who start their own businesses at school can apply for the "Certificate of Self-employment of College Graduates" from their universities; If you start a business after leaving school, you can apply directly to the human resources department at or above the county level for the issuance of the Employment and Unemployment Registration Certificate with your diploma as a voucher for enjoying the policy.
Application conditions for college students' entrepreneurial loan 1, identity certificate.
2. Ask students to provide student ID cards and transcripts.
3. Graduates are required to provide graduation certificates and degree certificates.
4. Checklist of frequently used bankbooks or bank cards in the past 6 months.
5. Other credit certificates: scholarship certificate, class cadre certificate, club activity certificate, various honor/social reward certificates, such as blood donation and voluntary teaching.
6. Check whether students have bad criminal records.
7. College degree or above.
8 unemployed for more than 6 months after graduation, and registered in the local labor and social security department.
Business loan process for college students 1. Bring the information needed for the loan to the Municipal Personnel Bureau for application;
2, the Municipal Personnel Bureau to review the information submitted, to assess whether it is eligible for loans;
3, issue a recommendation form, and submit it to the county or city guarantee institutions for review;
4, by the handling bank and guarantee institutions to assess the loan qualification;
5. Upon approval, both parties sign a guarantee contract and a loan contract with the lender;
6. Bank loans. Details+
Crowdfunding for college students' entrepreneurship 1. First of all, crowdfunding entrepreneurship, like general entrepreneurship, needs a complete and detailed business plan to explain the goals and direction of its own entrepreneurship. Aiming without a goal is tantamount to wasting money. Some people's business plans may need to be written for a long time, and constantly improve the content of their own business, in order to win the favor of others.
2. Secondly, crowdfunding entrepreneurship must have strong personal connections, preferably professionals with their own entrepreneurial content, so that they can better understand their wishes in the process of expounding business plans. Expand your circle of friends, get to know more talented rich people, and let them contribute to support themselves.
3. Furthermore, it is about your own business promotion. Just like advertising, the more one knows, the more likely crowdfunding is to succeed. Now, unlike in the past, the Internet can quickly inform the world of its entrepreneurial ideas, and if you read more, you will know more about yourself.
4. There are entrepreneurial dreams. I believe that most young people have their own entrepreneurial dreams, creating an achievable and beautiful entrepreneurial dream for crowdfunding partners and inspiring their inner desire for entrepreneurial success. Of course, this is not to say that it is fabricated out of thin air, but there is a certain possibility, so that others will firmly believe in themselves and help themselves.
5. Then, you can make a certain commitment to the crowdfunding goal. This is to be realized. Within the scope of implementation, some interests, such as shares, can be transferred. After talking about dreams, we will eventually come back to reality, otherwise others will not invest in vain.
6. Finally, Bian Xiao believes that crowdfunding entrepreneurship must be reasonable and legal, there must be entities, and it is impossible to raise funds illegally, otherwise it will be jail.
Financing channels of college students' venture capital colleges and universities play an encouraging and promoting role during college students' entrepreneurship, and most colleges and universities have set up relevant venture capital funds to encourage students to try to start businesses. Advantages: Compared with college students, raising funds in this way is more advantageous. Disadvantages: the scale of funds is not large, the support is limited, and the target audience is not wide.
Policy Funds The venture funds provided by the government are often called "free imperial grain" for entrepreneurs. Advantages: Use government funds, and don't worry about investors' credit problems; Government investment is generally free, which reduces or eliminates the financing cost. Disadvantages: there are strict procedural requirements for applying for venture capital funds; The government's annual investment is limited, and financiers need to face competition from other financiers.
Angel Fund Angel Investment is a one-time upfront investment made by free investors or informal venture capital institutions for original projects or small start-ups in the state of conception. Advantages: Private capital investment operation procedures are relatively simple, financing speed is fast, and the threshold is low. Disadvantages: Many private investors always want to hold shares when investing, and it is easy to have some contradictions with entrepreneurs.
Family financing Family financing is to raise money from family members or relatives and friends. Advantages: This method has the advantages of fast financing, low risk and low cost. Disadvantages: Borrowing money from relatives and friends to start a business will bring financial risks and even financial losses to relatives and friends. If the business fails, it will affect the feelings of both parties.
Venture capital Venture capital is a brand-new investment method that integrates financing and investment. It means that entrepreneurs can develop their enterprises and open up markets by selling some shares to venture capitalists, so as to obtain a sum of money. When the enterprise reaches a certain scale, the venture capitalist sells his own shares to gain income, and then makes the next round of investment. Many entrepreneurs use venture capital to get their enterprises through infancy. Advantages: It is conducive to high-tech financing-related projects, innovative business model operation, luxurious team background, good cash flow and rapid development. Disadvantages: limitations of financing projects.
Loans from financial institutions-bank micro-loans Bank loans are known as the "reservoir" of venture financing. Advantages: The bank has strong financial resources. Disadvantages: The procedures are cumbersome and need to go through many "thresholds", and no problem can occur in any link.
Looking for partners' investment in partnership financing refers to a financing method that directly absorbs units or individuals to invest in partnership business according to the principle of "* * * investment, * * * operation, * * * risk and * * * income". Advantages: It is conducive to the utilization and integration of various resources, enhancing the reputation of enterprises, forming production capacity as soon as possible, and reducing entrepreneurial risks. Disadvantages: Disagreement is easy to occur, which reduces work efficiency. There may also be conflicts between partners due to unequal rights and obligations, which is not conducive to the stability of the partnership foundation.
The relevant provisions on college students' application for venture capital are as follows:
The loan amount applied for is 20,000 to 50,000 yuan.
In the case of partnership, the maximum is 6.5438+10,000 yuan, calculated at 20,000 yuan per person.
The loan term is generally 1 year, and the longest is no more than 2 years. You can renew it when it expires.
After the loan expires, graduates who repay the loan on schedule and meet the prescribed conditions can apply for loan discount directly to the county (city) and district employment management service agencies, and after examination, the financial department will give 50% discount.
Graduates applying for small secured loans should apply to the social security agency in the street (township) where their household registration is located for loan qualification identification, fill in the qualification identification form for small secured loans, and provide their ID card and photocopy, household registration book and photocopy, unemployment registration certificate and photocopy, feasibility and benefit evaluation report of entrepreneurial projects, relevant collateral and third-party guarantee certificate and other credentials.
1. Application conditions:
(1) College degree or above;
(2) Have not been employed for more than 6 months after graduation, and have registered unemployment in the local labor and social security department.
2. Term of loan: The small-scale entrepreneurial loans provided by the state for college graduates are subsidized by the government, with a term of 1-2 years. After 2 years, they will not enjoy financial discount.
3. Loan methods: The micro-loan methods for college graduates to start their own businesses are guarantee and mortgage (pledge) loans.
4. Please consult the local labor and social security bureau for specific operation methods.
In addition, there are other preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship. For example, those who are engaged in self-employment will be exempted from administrative fees for industrial and commercial registration management within 1 year; Self-employed individuals and self-employed individuals can also trust their household registration files in the employment guidance service center for college graduates. Relevant departments should be consulted about the specific policies for college graduates to start their own businesses.
Problems and Countermeasures in Financial Management of College Students' Entrepreneurial Enterprises Problems in Financial Management 1, single financing method.
Companies are faced with the problem of financing difficulties in the initial stage of starting a business, and college students are also faced with this problem in the process of starting a business. At present, the financing channels of college students' start-up companies in China mainly include self-owned funds, family loans, bank loans and venture capital funds, among which self-owned funds refer to the support of college students' parents and the funds accumulated by college students themselves, and the amount of funds is small. Family loans mainly rely on college students' social relations and interpersonal networks. Although there is no loan interest, the loan amount is limited. Bank credit refers to the credit loans provided by banks for college students. However, due to the low success rate of college students' entrepreneurship, banks set up small short-term loans to avoid risks, and the loan review procedure is complicated, which requires not only the credit of entrepreneurs, but also asset mortgage. However, because college students are in the early stage of starting a business, they have few mortgage items, so it is difficult to realize bank credit. Venture capital fund, also known as venture capital fund, is one of the most popular new investment institutions. It attracts funds from individuals and enterprises in a certain way and invests them in emerging enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises that cannot be listed. Compared with bank credit, it does not need asset mortgage, and the procedure is relatively simple. It is the main channel for college students to participate in venture capital financing, but it often requires higher requirements for venture companies. At present, China's venture capital fund is still in its infancy, and its market development is not yet mature. The single financing channel leads to the shortage of college students' venture capital, and the capital chain is easy to break, which leads to the difficulty of startup companies.
2. Policy implementation is not in place.
In recent years, in order to alleviate the employment pressure of college students, the government has issued many policies and documents to encourage college students to start their own businesses, such as preferential tax policies, financing policies and legal support, but there is a phenomenon that the preferential government policies are not implemented in place. According to the survey, only 4% of college students' entrepreneurs in China enjoy the preferential policies of the government, and the inadequate implementation of the policies has restricted the long-term development of college students' entrepreneurial companies to some extent.
3, weak sense of financial management
In the process of starting a business, college students often start companies with relatively small scale, simple organizational structure, small business volume and market scope, relatively few employees, and some company managers are employees. At the same time, most of the company's financial management work is managed by the manager part-time. Because managers pay attention to product design and market expansion in the early stage of starting a business, financial management has less content. Entrepreneurs only complete financial management through simple bookkeeping, and their awareness of financial management is weak, which leads to the company's cost much higher than the profit in the initial stage of entrepreneurship, unreasonable use of funds and serious capital loss, which leads to the unhealthy development of startup companies.
4. The financial management system is not perfect.
At present, college entrepreneurs in China come from different majors, and some entrepreneurs lack systematic financial management theoretical knowledge and experience in the process of starting a business. At the same time, although some entrepreneurs come from economic management majors and have strong theoretical knowledge of financial management, they have few opportunities to practice financial management in their study and life, and lack certain financial management experience, which leads to the imperfection of the company's financial management system and the lack of a sound credit system. At the same time, when cooperating with other companies, we neglected the review of their company's credit status, which led to the fact that most of the company's funds could not be recovered, the amount of bad debts was large, and the capital chain was broken, which restricted the sustainable development of the startup company.
Countermeasures for financial management problems 1, external support
(1) The government has strengthened policy implementation. The government and relevant departments should strengthen their cooperation ability and further implement the relevant preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship. For example, the Industrial and Commercial Bureau has opened up a green channel for college students to start their own businesses and continuously simplified the registration process of college students' start-up companies. At the same time, the tax authorities have increased preferential tax policies, increased the tax-free period of college students' first venture and strengthened other tax standards. In addition, all departments strengthen cooperation and integrate project development, scheme design, risk assessment and financing services to provide "one-stop" services for college students' entrepreneurship. In addition, we should actively build the government's entrepreneurship policy and information publishing platform to provide channels for college entrepreneurs to communicate and help each other.
(2) Entrepreneurship training in universities. In view of the current situation that most domestic college students' awareness of entrepreneurial financial management is weak, colleges and universities can provide entrepreneurial training services, offer elective courses of entrepreneurial training and financial management for students, strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, contact enterprises to provide students with entrepreneurial practice opportunities, and actively invite business leaders, outstanding entrepreneurial students and relevant personnel of the Industrial and Commercial Bureau to hold special lectures to enhance entrepreneurial management experience. In addition, colleges and universities can also set up entrepreneurial consulting centers and invite relevant personnel of enterprises to serve as tutors to further enhance their entrepreneurial management experience.
(3) Banks provide entrepreneurial assistance. In the process of college students' entrepreneurship, banks should increase their assistance to college students' entrepreneurs and appropriately adjust the loan amount for entrepreneurs with good credit. At the same time, state-owned banks need to set up business departments for college students' entrepreneurship according to the government's preferential policies, open up green channels and simplify the loan review process. In addition, banks can issue low-risk corporate investment and wealth management products, strengthen cooperation with relevant government policies, and provide diversified financing support.
2. Internal management
(1) Strengthen financial management awareness. At present, college students should constantly strengthen their awareness of financial management and understand the important role of financial management in promoting the long-term development of the company. In the early stage of starting a business, entrepreneurs should systematically learn financial management knowledge and accumulate some practical experience, such as participating in SYB entrepreneurship training, systematically learning project analysis, market analysis, financial planning of management team, financing scheme design, etc. , and constantly strengthen their financial and business management capabilities. At the same time, they can also seek the cooperation of financial management students in the early stage of their business to improve their financial situation.
(2) Improve the financial management system and mechanism. Entrepreneurs should establish a sound financial management system and mechanism in the early stage of starting a business, formulate a sound financial management system according to the current financial management status and development needs of the startup company, including financial statements, financing, credit sales, auditing, etc., clarify the important role of financial management in the company's development, continuously strengthen the supervision role of financial managers on the company's finances, and at the same time add financial management departments, hire people with strong financial management capabilities to carry out financial management of the company, and carry out comprehensive budget management according to the current cost of the enterprise. In addition, entrepreneurs should allocate funds scientifically, improve the utilization rate of funds, attach importance to the credit of cooperative units, strengthen the credit review of cooperative units, choose to cooperate with companies with high credit, avoid the phenomenon of unrecoverable funds and bad debts, and carry out different settlement methods in cooperation to improve the efficiency of enterprise capital recovery and ensure the long-term development of startup companies.
(3) Develop diversified financing channels. In the process of starting a business, college students should not only improve their financial management ability, but also fully understand the preferential policies of the state, government and other institutions for college students' starting a business, and on this basis, carry out multi-channel financing to ensure that the company has sufficient operating funds. For example, the government allows college entrepreneurs to pay registered capital in installments, subsidizes venture loans, and simplifies the loan procedures of financial institutions. At the same time, college students' entrepreneurs should realize flexible management in their business activities, implement share financing in the early stage of their business, split the shares of the company, and attract well-funded individuals or institutions to participate in the shares, so as to alleviate the financing problem and disperse the venture risks.