1903, patriotic student Zhang was the editor-in-chief of Su Bao, and added two columns of "academic agitation" and "public opinion discussion" to report the student movement, create revolutionary public opinion, and vigorously publicize Zou Rong's revolutionary army. China's famous daily newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty.
1896 (22nd year of Guangxu reign of Qing dynasty) was founded in Shanghai on June 26th. At first, Zhang Hu's Japanese wife, Ikoma Yue, was appointed as the "owner" and was the main writer. Registered at the Japanese Consulate in Shanghai. More social news.
1900, the original owner was unable to maintain it, and gave it to Chen Fan. Chen Fan hired Wang Wenpu as the main writer and once devoted himself to the propaganda of constitutional monarchy.
From 1902, Fan Chen gradually turned to revolution, and his attitude towards Su Bao changed obviously. In the winter of that year, a special column on "Student Tide" was set up to openly support students' patriotic movements and revolutionary activities, and members of China Education Society and Patriotic Society were invited to write comments, which became a forum for the two revolutionary groups.
Since 1903, the remarks have intensified. On May 27th of the same year, Zhang, a member of Patriotic Society, was hired as the lead writer. In more than a month's time, he has published more than a dozen articles with a strong color of democratic revolution, such as "Sighing for the People without Country", "Hakka" and "Refuting Revolution and Killism". He has published Reading Revolutionary Army and Preface to Revolutionary Army, and recommended Zou Rong's Revolutionary Army. On June 29th of the same year, Su Bao published Zhang Taiyan's famous political treatise "The Relationship between Kang Youwei and Jue Luo Jun" in a prominent position, which gave warm praise to the revolution. These remarks shocked the Qing government. Wei Guangtao, Governor of Liangjiang, sent people to Shanghai to persecute Su Bao with the concession authorities. Chen Fan, Zhang and others withdrew in advance, and six people including Zhang Taiyan and Zou Rong were arrested. Zhang Taiyan was sentenced to three years' imprisonment and Zou Rong was sentenced to two years' imprisonment.
On July 7 1903, Su Bao was also seized. History is called "Sue reported the case". The revolutionary propaganda of Su Bao and Su Bao had a great influence at home and abroad at that time and promoted the development of democratic revolution. 1In February, 903, Shanghai Su Bao opened a column called "Academic Tide", which published articles by revolutionary teachers and students against the Qing Dynasty and feudal autocracy. Su Bao was originally a Japanese newspaper, published in 1896, and resold to China Chen Fan in the autumn of 1898.
Chen Fan was born in Hengshan, Hunan. Angry at the corruption of the Qing government, he wanted to preside over the Qing debate to save the current situation, so he advocated reform and protected the emperor. Su Bao has a close relationship with educational society and patriotic society. After Su Bao dropped out of Nanyang University, influenced by the new trend of thought, his remarks intensified. After the Spring Festival this year, the newspaper hired seven teachers and students of the Patriotic Society, including Cai Yuanpei and Wu Zhihui, to write essays, and subsidized the Society 100 yuan per month. Soon, the cry of revolution appeared in newspapers, and Su Bao began to become the organ newspaper of educational society and academic society. The word alliance is widely used.
1903 In April, Su Bao published the news of the formation of China Teaching Alliance, China Student Alliance and National Alliance. The anti-Qing revolutionary thought has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and has the potential to start a prairie fire. Revolutionary alliance has become the general trend, and the word alliance has become popular and widely used. On May 3rd, 1903, the students of Shanghai Cantonese Pavilion collectively proposed to drop out of school in order to oppose the unreasonable oppression of the general manager Di. General manager Zhao tried to dispatch troops around the school, but after seeing the perseverance of the students, he tried to mediate. On the 9th, more than 50 students from Whelan College of Hangzhou Christian School dropped out of school to set up a reform society because they opposed the bullying behavior of American pastor Gan Huide.
In May 1903, 1 1, Su Bao published "Reflections on Reading the Record of Students' Withdrawal from Hangzhou Huilan College" in the student tide, pointing out that government-run schools are a small shadow suppressed by the government; Church schools, small shadows of religious oppression. Therefore, the struggle of student unrest is to get rid of slave education and autocracy; Interpret religious superstitions without being fettered by outsiders. The article holds that the student movement is a precursor to political struggle. May 1903, 12 Chinese and foreign daily newspapers criticized the revolutionaries for creating extraordinary ideas and threatening the public, and then wanted to launch a catastrophe to call on disciples, but in fact it was not enough to achieve and could not be connected. Shanghai's rejection of the French-Russian movement is a speech jointly sponsored by reformists and revolutionaries. The reformists Wang, Long Zehou, Feng Jingru and Yi Jifu, and the revolutionaries Cai Yuanpei, Wu Zhihui, Ma, Zou Rong all put forward their own ideas. The two factions are evenly matched. At the meeting of rejecting Russia, the two factions were once divided for different purposes.
On the second day after the Chinese and foreign daily accused the revolutionaries, the Soviet newspaper published a warning to conservative gentlemen, pointing out that there was no other way to save my compatriots except revolution. No revolution is not enough to destroy, and no destruction is not enough to build, so revolution is the only way to save China. The article also said that the revolution will bleed, and revolutionaries would rather bleed in order to save 40 million compatriots.
On June 4th, 65438, Chinese and Foreign Daily published another paper, Seize the Time, which made it imperative to attack revolutionary ideas. Su Bao was published on 18, saying "read Chinese and foreign daily newspapers", openly challenging and pointing out the naive demands of the masses for reform, or it can be said that it is the bud of non-state thought. Of course, I will introduce it, but I don't know what everything he writes is by negative means.
The article also accused Wang of hearing the rumor that the dynasty wanted to suppress the anti-Russian movement, so he was eager to explain to the officialdom. On June 1903 and 1 day, under the leadership of Zhang, the Soviet newspaper began to improve greatly, printing large characters in important places of articles and news, highlighting academic agitation columns, increasing public opinion discussion columns and reducing general news. The main purpose of the reform is to use simple comments as the organ of the current situation, that is to say, to influence the political situation in China with revolutionary public opinion.
In June of 5438+0, Kang Youwei published an article saying that the world was bound to undergo a one-party revolution, which was almost an inevitable example of China's future. The revolutionary manifesto has been almost recognized by the whole country, such as the immovable iron case. New water is not old water, and the old water continues to be retted. The royalists of the Reform Movement of 1898 could not enter the Qinwang Boxer; Gengzi is a diligent king, so he won't need it in the future revolution. Even if the Qing court tried every means to stop it, including carrying Kang Youwei out, it would have no influence on the future of China. He criticized Kang Youwei for indirectly asking the Manchu government for mercy while protecting the eternal achievements of the descendants of the Qing Dynasty, and thought that Kang Youwei had almost no place in today's new society. On the 2nd, he published "Sigh for the People Without Country" and "On Jiangyou School Students No More Studying Abroad", calling on students to stop bowing to conquered people.
On the 3rd, Zhang's "Hakka People's Articles" was published, denouncing the Qing court as a guest emperor.
On the 6th, he published the article "I wish Peking University students" written by Zhang Ji, pointing out that there are two kinds of revolutions, namely, the central revolution, which starts from the central government and extends to local governments, and the local revolution is a torrent of revolution, starting from local governments and reaching the seat of the central government, calling on Peking University students to learn from Paris, Vienna, Berlin and St. Petersburg and bump into liberty bell, set up the independence flag, kill the emperor and overthrow the government.
On the 7th, he published "On the Ruler of China is a Revolutionary Party", opposing the cultural coercion policy of the Qing government.
On the 9th, Zhang's "Reading Revolutionary Army" pointed out that the enmity of Manchu is well known to ordinary people, but today, the hereditary monarch is full, those who occupy aristocratic privileges are full, and those who are stationed in various places to suppress slaves are full. Are you going to be a hereditary monarch, excluding aristocratic privileges and covering all suppression measures?
On June 5th, at 438+00, Zhang Ji's Reading Secret Order for Foreign Students was published. Say: if you don't go, good results will not bear fruit; You can't resist the enemy unless you get rid of the clown. For today's Manchuria, I can advocate revenge to restore what I have, so those people from Britain, France, Russia and Germany can also advocate revenge in the future, so it is not difficult to expel them!
In June 1 1, the anonymous Miscellaneous Feeling was published. Time to cry, time to cry, time to miss! Make good use of it, shed a little blood that will never be ground, establish a completely beautiful political system, purify the atmosphere and strengthen our species. Although thousands of skulls have been thrown into blood shed, it is not a great pleasure to admire this aboveboard means!
In June, 5438+02, Liu Yazi, Zhang, Cai, Zou Rong and others co-authored Refuting Revolution, denouncing the argument that "only constitutionalism can be achieved, but revolution cannot be achieved", and proposing that revolution and reform are fundamentally opposed, and only bloody struggle can create a new China.
On the 20th, the Ghost of Jiangnan Naval Academy was published, pointing out that students can really be unique in today's various societies, with the resources to absorb new ideas, the mind to accept new feelings and the knowledge to be a new China. The socialist party came against the European wind and poured rain on Asia, but it had to rely on students as a medium to bear the power directly.
The article "Killing" was published on the 22nd, clarifying the bitter feud between the government and 40 million compatriots for 260 years and calling on the people to fight the enemy to the end. When Louis died, the law was strong; With Ying Jin gone, beauty prospered. Don't be angry, don't be arrogant; Insert a banner of righteousness in the earth and build a government in the central government; Sweep away evil spirits and give me back my crown! When the Independent Pavilion was built and liberty bell crashed, I was invited to hold a memorial service with the people to kill people, in order to show that the visitors got carried away. It's an essay on an armed uprising, which makes people's hearts thump. On June 1903, Su Bao published an advertisement of China Education Association, saying that its mailing address was China Education Association No.22, Fuyuan Li, outside Nicheng Bridge, and particularly emphasized not to send it to the Patriotic Society by mistake. The split between the Patriotic Society and the China Education Society was unexpected. After the establishment of the patriotic society, it had a great influence. In May, when the Education Association held a meeting in Bird, it was mentioned that the association was part of the Education Association, and the students were in an uproar. They published an article entitled "The Master of the Patriotic Society" in their own publication "The World of Boys", and said tit for tat: Who is the master of the Patriotic Society? A patriotic society is also a patriotic society. This marks the open split between China Education Association and patriotic society. Since then, things have become difficult.
13 in the evening, a seminar was held in the society. Who is the subject and society of discussion? The representative of the patriotic society believes that the society is an independent institution, not an education society. Cai Yuanpei and Huang Zongyang advocated the independence of the listening society. The two words clashed and broke up in discord. Cai Yuanpei was so angry that he didn't want to take care of it anymore. Two or three days later, he went to Qingdao. The crack can't be repaired.
On 19, members of the Patriotic Association published an article "Thanks for Education" and declared independence.
On 25th, Huang Zongyang published Congratulations on the Independence of Patriotic Society in Su Bao on behalf of the Education Association. Education society and social formal division. In June, under the urging of Enshou, Shu Xun of Shanghai Daoyuan kept negotiating with consuls of various countries.
On 20th, Wei Guangtao, Governor of Liangjiang, telegraphed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that Mina had been banned for establishing patriotic associations, recruiting unruly people and advocating revolutionary heresy.
On 2 1 day, according to Dian Wei's decree, the Qing court said that it would be harmful to customs and people's hearts if it seemed absurd and rebellious. Together with the governors of coastal provinces along the Yangtze River, we will ensure that this scum is strictly investigated at any time. Yuan Shuxun continued the negotiations in the name of being ordered to investigate.
On the 22nd, it was said that some people in the Shanghai Concession refused to resist Russia and France, and they really wanted to make trouble, asking Mina to take the lead. Cai Yuanpei, Chen Fan, Wu Jingheng, Huang Zongyang, Zhang and Zou Rong. On the 23rd, Wei Guangtao, Governor of Huguang, stressed that Su Bao was rampant, which was a great disaster. It was wonderful to try to recover and open it. Otherwise, every time I do something, there will be discussions, which will harm the government and upset people's hearts, so there will be no time.
On 24th, Wei Guangtao called back to inform the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Shanghai Road and instructed him to ban Su Bao.
On the 25th, Yu Mingzhen, an alternate route, arrived in Shanghai from Nanjing. Together with Yuan Shuxun, she negotiated with the Consular Office in Shanghai, demanding that six people, including Cai Yuanpei and Zhang, be arrested. The consular corps refused to assist in the arrest on the grounds that the criminals were political figures. In June, under the constant representations of Shanghai Road Yuan Shuxun, the Shanghai Concession authorities began to make concessions and agreed to the demands of the Qing court.
On the 29th, Yuan Shuxun and Yu Mingzhen negotiated successfully, and the concession authorities began to arrest people.
Yuan Shuxun and others took the imperial edict and asked the consuls to sign and arrest Qin criminals. Consuls said that if the case is tried in the concession, it can be considered. Yuan expressed his willingness and the consuls agreed to sign it. The British and American consuls told Yuan that the Qing side must abide by this agreement: according to the regulations, anyone who commits a crime in the concession will be convicted in court and suffer in the concession. However, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology still refused to arrest people together. Wei Guangtao adopted the idea of British legal counsel and ordered Yuan and Yu to prosecute these criminals in the mixed court on the British border. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also had to issue a ticket and arrest people for hearing.
On the morning of 29th, detectives and police officers broke into Su Newspaper, showed signs banning patriotic societies and Su Newspaper, arrested Qian, Cheng Jifu, Chen Shuchou, Zhang, Zou Rong, Long Jizhi and Chen Fan, and locked up the cashier Cheng Jifu on the spot. Chen Fan was in the museum that day. He went to the museum twice and didn't catch him. Chen evaded overnight.
On the morning of the 30th, the detective went to the patriotic society to arrest people. Zhang still lives in the club. The night before, he and Wu Zhihui went to the Su Bao Museum to ask about Chen Fan's arrest and knew that he was on the list.
This morning, I came to the club to persuade Zhang to stay, and they dispersed one after another, leaving Zhang alone. The police have arrest warrants, one place at a time. Zhang replied: There is no one else here. If you want to take Zhang away, I am! He was handcuffed away. On the same day, Chen Fan's sons Zhong Qi and Qian Baoren were arrested in the Women's Publishing House. All four were detained in the patrol room.
Zhang also wrote to persuade Zou Rong and Long Zehou to surrender voluntarily. The dragon surrendered that night. On May 2,1,1904, together with the British Vice Consul Dwaymen, it was announced that Zhang was imprisoned for three years, Zou Rong was imprisoned for two years, and was fined for hard labor. From the date of the case, he was released and expelled from the rental department. This is the end of the Su Bao case.
So there are many cases, so there has been no judgment. Public opinion accused Zhang and Zou of not sentencing for a long time, violating laws and ethics; The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the news that people would be released without being sentenced. The foreign affairs department of the Qing court was afraid of giving up all previous achievements, accepted the suggestion of the British minister and agreed to reduce the sentence. Sun Yat-sen pointed out: This case involves the Qing emperor personally, and it is the beginning of a lawsuit between the court and the people, which is unprecedented since the Qing Dynasty. Although the Qing court won the lawsuit, Zhang Zou was only imprisoned for two years. Therefore, the people are very popular.