1, the emergence, unification and demise of the country
(1) in 3500 BC, dozens of small slave countries appeared along the Nile; (2) In 3500 BC, the original unified ancient Egyptian country was established; In the 6th century BC, Egypt was destroyed by Persia in West Asia.
2. Pyramids (tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs)
The pyramid is a symbol of the power of the Egyptian king.
Second, the ancient country bred by the new moon-Babylon, Cuba
After/kloc-0 BC and 3500 BC, Sumerians established many small slave countries in the south of the two river basins.
2. In the 8th century BC, King Hammurabi of Babylon unified the two river basins and established a centralized slave country.
3. code of hammurabi: It was the first relatively complete written code in ancient times.
Third, ancient India
In BC 1 and 2500, some small countries began to appear in the Indus Valley. Later, Aryans invaded ancient India, conquered the local residents and turned them into slaves, and successively established slave countries in the Indus Valley and Ganges Valley.
2. The hierarchy in India
(1) Ruling class: Brahmins (priests, nobles), Khrushchev (kings, warriors, officials);
② Ruled classes: Vishnu (farmers, herders, craftsmen and businessmen) and sudra (the conquered, the poor who lost their land and the bankrupt);
Influence: The caste system intensified the social contradictions at that time and brought adverse effects to the later development of Indian society.
4. Why did the ancient civilization appear in the big river basin?
A: ① The big river basin has humid climate, sufficient light and heat, and flat terrain, which is suitable for human survival; (2) The regular flooding of rivers provides abundant water sources and fertile soil, which is conducive to the development of agricultural production and further promotes the development of handicrafts and commerce.
Note: 1. Which class is most beneficial to India's caste system in real life? The answer is Khrushchev.
2. Summarize the civilizations related to ancient India: caste system, Buddhism and Arabic numerals.
3. The essence of river civilization and marine civilization is the same: both are slavery civilizations.
4. Four ancient civilizations: ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, ancient India and ancient Egypt?
The answer is: they entered the slave society earlier from primitive society.
5. China's four great inventions: papermaking (Western Han Dynasty), printing (Sui and Tang Dynasties), gunpowder (Tang Dynasty) and compass (Northern Song Dynasty).