Confucius (5565438 BC+0-479 BC), named Zhong Ni, was born in Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. According to legend, there are 3000 disciples and 72 disciples of saints. Confucius led his disciples around the world 14 years. Confucius is also an ancient literature collator. He edited poetry books, defined rites and music, and prefaced Zhouyi as Chunqiu. Confucius' thoughts and theories have far-reaching influence on later generations. The Analects of Confucius is a record of words and deeds recorded by the disciples of Confucius, an ancient thinker in China, so the Analects was not written by Confucius, but by his disciples! 1. Philosophical Contribution The Book of Changes is the source of China's philosophy and road. Hanshu records the origin of "Yi", "Man is more holy, and the world is three ancient". Fuxi initiated the first stage of gossip; Zhou Wenwang's transformation from eight diagrams to sixty-four hexagrams is the second stage; Confucius' Book of Changes is the third stage. The basic feature of the Book of Changes is that it bypasses divination and expounds the principle of change. Some basic categories, propositions, ways of thinking and philosophical thoughts expounded by the Book of Changes, such as "Yin and Yang", "Poverty leads to change, change leads to communication, and general principles last for a long time", "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen strive for self-improvement; Rich terrain, gentleman's idea of "harmony" and "combination" with morality and so on. , discover the general laws in nature, social field and thinking field, that is, the law of unity of opposites, quantitative change and qualitative change, and negation of negation. The principles such as "the gentleman is in the middle", "going too far is not enough", "changing" and "the doctrine of the mean is the way" have been established, which embodies the universal connection, development and change of dialectics. The idea of the movement process. From the development of the ceremony, we can see the trajectory of the debate's return. 2. Contribution to education In the Confucius era, education and academics were monopolized by the government, and the banner of "education cannot have classes" was put forward. The first private school in the history of China was established by recruiting students to give lectures in private capacity. Poems, books, rites, music and Yi are all selected. The content is divided into "morality", "speech", "politics" and "literature" for education. Based on his rich teaching practice, Confucius put forward a set of educational theories and teaching methods. The goal of education is to cultivate gentlemen and kindness, and the object of education is "teaching without distinction". The teaching principle is to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and the teaching method adopts the heuristic method of "following the lead", which requires disciples to combine learning with thinking, draw inferences from others, keep pace with the times, and learn new things by reviewing old ones; Attach importance to moral education, take benevolence as the center, and combine wisdom, benevolence and courage; Advocate teachers to set an example and teachers and students learn from each other; Correct the learning attitude of seeking truth from facts, "knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also". It is the bounden duty of teachers to ask disciples to learn to become talents and apply what they have learned. Confucius "never tires of learning and never tires of teaching" all his life, and is regarded as "a model for later generations". His educational theory and teaching methods have guided the traditional education in China for more than two thousand years, and today, they still conform to the eastern and western and modern educational concepts. Contribution to Literature Confucius revised The Book of Songs, which is the first literary work handed down from generation to generation in China. The Book of Songs was compiled into a book by Confucius. The book of music is lost. According to the historian "Confucius Family", there were more than 3,000 poems in ancient times. Confucius cut down the complexity and simplified them, and chose those that could be applied to etiquette and righteousness, forming 305 poems. There are many records in the Analects of Confucius, such as: "There are 300 poems, in a word, thinking is innocent." "If you don't learn poetry, you can't say anything." "You recite three hundred poems, but you can't reach politics; Although there are many, I also think that Confucius Poems, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period collected in Shanghai Museum, is a recently discovered literature on Confucius poetics. Confucius' interpretation of The Book of Songs involves literature, politics, ethics, education and other aspects, and some important ideas and concepts have played an important guiding role in later literary creation. It has had an extremely extensive and far-reaching impact. The Book of Songs and Poetics compiled by Confucius are the "living water" of China literature and literary theory for more than 2,500 years. Confucius spent most of his life in the education of preaching, teaching and solving doubts. He created effective teaching methods; Summarized and advocated a set of correct learning principles; Formed a relatively complete teaching content system; Put forward a series of far-reaching educational thoughts; Set a good example of teachers' morality. It is because of his contribution that people say that he is a great scholar.