Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Quan and Song Chen
Many infected people in COVID-19 have been coughing since they turned negative, and some netizens reported that menstrual disorder and abnormal uterine bleeding occurred after infection. What is the cause of cough after turning negative, and how to relieve it? Does COVID-19 attack the human reproductive system? The National Health and Wellness Committee organized authoritative experts to respond.
"Recently, most infected people have symptoms of acute upper respiratory tract infection such as fever, sore throat and cough. Many people still cough for a long time after turning cloudy. We generally think that more than three weeks is subacute cough, the most common of which is post-infection cough. " Lin Jiangtao, deputy director of the Respiratory Center of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, said.
Video screenshot
Lin Jiangtao said that the cause of post-infection cough is that the upper respiratory tract infection leads to the damage of bronchial mucosa or the exposure of sensory nerves, thus increasing the sensitivity to various external stimuli. Therefore, physical and chemical stimuli such as temperature drop, smoke from smoking and kitchen fume may cause severe cough.
"Increased cough sensitivity after turning negative is not an infection. At this time, neither antiviral nor antibacterial drugs are needed, and they can recover on their own. " Lin Jiangtao said that patients who cough after infection should avoid all kinds of factors that stimulate the respiratory tract. If the symptoms are serious and affect work, study and rest, you can go to the hospital for treatment. Doctors usually use antitussive drugs to treat cough, and some Chinese patent medicines are also very satisfactory.
"From the perspective of Chinese medicine, infected people are in a state of exhaustion of exogenous pathogens after turning negative. At this time, there will be some abnormalities in the physiological function of the lungs, which will lead to cough. " Zhu Yong, chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that according to the specific conditions of patients, the treatment methods of clearing lung or moistening lung can achieve better results.
Some netizens said that menstrual disorder and abnormal uterine bleeding occurred after being infected with COVID-19, and they suspected that COVID-19 had attacked the human reproductive system. In this regard, Yang Xin, chief physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Peking University People's Hospital, said that there is no evidence that COVID-19 infection has an impact on the reproductive system.
Video screenshot
"The regulation of menstruation is influenced by the functions of cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary, and it is a strict reproductive endocrine axis. Stress, physical discomfort and many other external influences may have an impact on menstruation. Therefore, the abnormal menstruation of infected people does not explain the direct effect of COVID-19 on the reproductive system. " Yang Xin said.
Extended reading
Is the epidemic prevention and control released too fast? Did you underestimate the current death toll in COVID-19? Expert response.
There are no new variants in Shanghai, and the number of infected people is tens of millions.
Finishing | Lin Shen
In recent years, with the variation of virus, the change of epidemic situation, the popularization of vaccination and the accumulation of prevention and control experience, the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19 has entered a new stage. Not long ago, the National Health and Family Planning Commission announced that novel coronavirus was renamed novel coronavirus Infection. With the approval of the State Council, since June 8, 2023, the prevention and control measures of Class A infectious diseases in COVID-19 have been lifted, and "Class B and Class B management" has been implemented.
Correspondingly, all localities have gradually entered the period of rising infection.
According to the relevant data released by Sichuan CDC, the infection rate of the respondents in Sichuan 158506 was 63.52%, and 28% of the respondents had symptoms of COVID-19-like infection such as fever and cough. Although nucleic acid or antigen was not tested, the actual infection rate should be higher than 63.52%. The estimated infection rate in Hainan Province has reached 50%, and Sanya and Haikou as a whole have passed the peak period of infection.
Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of China CDC, believes that the epidemic situation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei developed earlier, and the peak period of possible epidemic situation has passed.
Over the past month, experts have responded to the key concerns of everyone, such as whether the epidemic prevention and control has been released too quickly, the infection situation in Shanghai, the severe/critical illness situation, and the characteristics of the response and treatment of this epidemic.
No new mutants were found in Shanghai.
The number of infected people is tens of millions.
On June 365438+February 3 1 day, the team of Academician Chen Saijuan of Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College and the team of Fan Xiaohong of Shanghai Public Health Center jointly released a new research achievement-the paper "Preliminary Analysis on the Diversity and Epidemiological Characteristics of Omicron Subtypes in COVID-19 in Autumn and Winter of 2022 in China", which was jointly tackled by the two teams. Through the random genome sequencing of patients admitted to Shanghai Public Health Center in autumn and winter of 2022, among the 369 high-quality virus genomes obtained, * * contains 30 strains of Omicron subtype recorded in the database of Global Influenza Data Initiative, among which 355 genome sequences are concentrated in five Omicron subfamilies.
The main strains are BF.7 and BA.5.2 which have been reported to be popular in Beijing and Guangzhou, and BQ. 1 and XBB which have recently appeared in Europe and America.
Chen Saijuan and Fan Xiaohong jointly predicted the epidemic trend.
The research team found that in addition to BA.5.2, there are several strains of Omikrongya in Shanghai, accounting for a relatively high proportion. No new COVID-19 mutant was found in these results.
65438+On February 29th, Zhang Wenhong, head of the expert group on epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 and director of the infectious diseases department of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, mentioned in an exclusive interview with Dajiangdong.
Shanghai reached the peak of infection from February 22, 65438. It is estimated that the number of infected people is tens of millions.
"Assuming that 0.5% of Shanghai100000 infected people need to be hospitalized, it means that 50000 people need to be hospitalized in the next few weeks, and all major hospitals will treat thousands of people without exception, especially those who are particularly critical and need respiratory support. Therefore, although the proportion of severe cases among infected people is low, the base is large and the absolute number is still large. This is the characteristic of this wave of Omicron infection. "
According to Zhang Wenhong, at present, Shanghai is making every effort to improve its ability to treat critically ill patients. From primary health institutions to tertiary hospitals, all doctors and nurses are carrying out an all-round Omicron campaign, so that more patients can get effective treatment within the "golden 72 hours" of onset, and critically ill patients can be referred to higher-level hospitals through the graded diagnosis and treatment system as soon as possible.
The epidemic in Shanghai is coming to an end.
After New Year's Day, it mainly affects rural areas and small and medium-sized urban areas.
In the team paper of Chen Saijuan and Fan Xiaohong, based on public information, the research team analyzed the changes of the number of severe/critical patients and the total number of infected people in this epidemic as of 20221October 29th, and found that the number of severe/critical patients increased with the increase of the number of infected people, accounting for 0.035%. According to the general rule, the high-risk group evolved into severe and critical patients 2-3 weeks after admission.
The research team analyzed the clinical evolution of 5706 patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection admitted to Shanghai Public Health Center from September/KLOC-0 to February 26, 2022. After comprehensive medical observation and diagnosis, 5533 patients showed mild and common symptoms, and the rest 173 patients progressed to severe/critical diseases, among which 20 patients were only infected with COVID-19, and 673 patients. In addition, the risk of serious/critical diseases of the elderly and male patients is significantly increased.
Chen Saijuan and Fan Xiaohong jointly predicted the epidemic trend.
Based on the data of the number of infected people in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Chongqing, the research group established a mathematical model to simulate the change curve of the number of infected people, and evaluated and predicted the development trend of the recent epidemic situation.
It is preliminarily judged that around New Year's Day in 2023, the number of people infected with this round of Omicron epidemic in the above-mentioned major cities will come to an end.
From New Year's Day to Spring Festival, COVID-19 epidemic will mainly affect rural areas and small and medium-sized towns. It is particularly noteworthy that medical resources in rural areas and small and medium-sized towns in China are relatively scarce, and there are a large number of elderly people and people with basic diseases; During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the mobility of urban and rural population will greatly affect the epidemic trend.
What are the characteristics of this wave of epidemic response and handling?
Many experts have said that compared with the original strain and the "mutant of concern", the spread of Omicron mutant is obviously enhanced, but the virulence is obviously weakened. Zhang Zhongde, vice president of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and president of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that most patients showed symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, mainly local symptoms, including fever, sore throat and dry cough. Some patients have general headache and joint pain, and some patients have gastrointestinal symptoms, no appetite or diarrhea. After symptomatic treatment, most of them can relieve symptoms within 24 to 36 hours.
Zhang Wenhong also admitted in a recent interview that he had been infected with Omicron, and his symptoms were very mild. "On the first day, I rested at home and held six or seven online meetings; Go to the positive ward for rounds the next day. No one around thinks I'm infected, because I'm in the ward every day and I'm working. I have already taken the fourth shot, and my own experience has made me more supportive of vaccination. " Zhang Wenhong introduced that after these three years, we have formed many standardized treatment procedures.
Through the research and analysis of past deaths and severe cases, vaccination can effectively reduce the rate of severe illness and mortality. Some preparations have also been made in antiviral drugs, respiratory support, ICU wards and equipment. In the course of treatment, according to the characteristics of severe COVID-19, oxygen therapy should be used as early as possible to correct hypoxia, hormone should be used to improve inflammation, and early anticoagulation therapy should be used.
Video screenshot
Zhang Wenhong said that, generally speaking, the summit of intensive care comes shortly after the peak of infection. The weapon to deal with is to allocate medical resources from primary hospitals to tertiary hospitals with the greatest efforts and sleepless spirit, and seize 72 hours of "prime time" treatment at the fastest speed. Whether it is early community primary medical care or emergency treatment for critically ill patients, we must strive for faster and earlier, so as to compete with death for time and life.
Is the epidemic prevention and control released too fast?
Social operation will gradually return to the daily state, but the rapid spread of Omicron is still in the peak stage in China. Some people questioned that the prevention and control of China epidemic was released too quickly. In response to this problem, Liang Wannian, head of the expert group of the COVID-19 epidemic response leading group of the National Health and Wellness Committee of China, said in an interview with the media a few days ago.
The adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies in China is based on the understanding of pathogens and diseases, the immune level of the population and the resistance of the health system, and public health intervention measures.
The current adjustment is appropriate, scientific and legal, which is in line with the actual situation of prevention and control in China.
Liang Wannian emphasized that since the prevention and control of the epidemic in 2020, China has been closely judging three factors. First, the understanding of pathogens and diseases, such as their toxicity and harmfulness; The second is the immune level of the population and the resistance of the health system, especially the ability of prevention and control and medical treatment; Third, social public health intervention measures. Faced with a major epidemic, China has been considering trying to achieve a balanced state from these three aspects.
From the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan, 20 optimization measures, the "Ten New Countries" since 2020 to the adjustment to "Class B management", all these reflect the balanced results of these three factors in China.
Liang Wannian said that this adjustment is not completely laissez-faire, but more scientific and accurate to put resources on the most important prevention and control tasks and treatment tasks. "The speed of this adjustment, I think history will prove it. We believe that the current adjustment is appropriate, scientific and legal, which is in line with China's prevention and control reality. "
Has China underestimated the current death toll in COVID-19?
With the cancellation of large-scale nucleic acid testing, has China underestimated the current death toll in COVID-19?
Liang Wannian said that it is difficult to accurately judge the mortality and mortality during the epidemic and rapid spread. From the point of view of public health, only after the epidemic cycle has passed, can we accurately judge the real mortality rate and mortality rate, and judge the harm of an epidemic to people, especially to life safety and health. Death is an important indicator, which has been highly valued by our expert group and our government.
Wu Zunyou introduced that there is a calculation method in the field of public health called "excess death", which can evaluate possible underestimation. After the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, the team of China CDC quickly analyzed the possible "excess death" caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, and publicly released the results.
Regarding the "excessive death" that this wave of epidemic may cause, the team is already doing relevant work and will provide it to the society one after another.
Comprehensive arrangement from China News Service, Dajiangdong, Xinhua News Agency, etc.