Zhuang Changgong (1894 65438+February 25th ~1962 February 15), male, from Pico, an organic chemist and educator, a pioneer in steroid chemistry in China and the founder of organic microanalysis. 192 1 graduated from the university of Chicago, USA, and 1924 received his doctorate. 1948 was elected as an academician of academia sinica. 1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1962 died in February 15.
He has made outstanding contributions to organic synthesis, especially the synthesis of steroid compounds and the structural study of natural organic compounds. The structure of ergostane was confirmed, the structure of ergosterol was deduced, and a synthetic method of diketone A containing keratin was designed, which was called "Johnson method". The oxidative cleavage of steroid side chains was studied. He was one of the few well-known chemists engaged in steroid synthesis at that time, and his work was introduced into textbooks. Tetrandrine and tetrandrine were separated from tetrandrine and their structures were clarified. He attached importance to and participated in the formulation of Chinese nomenclature in organic chemistry. At present, he initiated the naming of heterocyclic compounds such as indole and pyrrole.
In his research work, he emphasized the spirit of innovation and advocated the idea of "doing something before doing something". He promoted the establishment of Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Beijing Institute of Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1956 served as a member of the the State Council science planning commission, and participated in the formulation of 1956- 1967 science and technology development plan and other documents. He used to be director of the Department of Chemistry of Northeastern University, dean of the School of Science of National Central University, director of the Institute of Chemistry of Academia Sinica, president of Taiwan Province Provincial University and director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences.
Chinese name: Zhuang Changgong.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Quanzhou, Fujian
Date of birth:1894 65438+February 25th.
Date of death: 1962 February 15.
Occupation: chemist
Graduate school: University of Chicago
Main achievements: Pioneer of organic chemistry research in China.
1948 was selected as an academician of academia sinica.
Representative works: the structure of ergosterol, etc.
Gender: male
Education: Doctor.
all one's life
Scientific research life
Zhuang Changgong (1894.12.25 ~1962.2.15) is a chemist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Licheng, Quanzhou, Fujian. 19 16 graduated from Quanzhou Middle School (now Quanzhou No.5 Middle School). Because of his excellent academic performance, he was sent to the Chemistry Department of Peking University on a local scholarship, and then transferred to the University of Chicago. 192 1 graduated from the university of Chicago, USA, and 1924 received his doctorate. 1948 was selected as an academician of academia sinica. 1949, he served as the director and researcher of the Institute of Organic Chemistry, China Academy of Sciences. The structure of ergostane was confirmed, the structure of ergosterol was deduced, and the synthesis method of keratin bicyclic α -ketone was designed. The oxidative cleavage of steroid side chains was studied. He was one of the few well-known chemists engaged in the study of steroid total synthesis at that time, and his work was introduced into famous textbooks. The structures of alkaloids such as tetrandrine and nortetrandrine were studied. He has made great contributions to organic synthesis, especially the synthesis of steroid compounds and the structural study of natural organic compounds. He paid attention to and drew up the Chinese nomenclature of organic chemistry. At present, he initiated the nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds such as indole and pyrrole. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences.
1922 graduated and stayed in school for further study; 1925 received a doctorate in chemistry. After returning to China, he served as a professor, dean of the Department of Chemistry of Northeastern University and a research lecture for members of the Sino-American Cultural Fund. 193 1 went to the university of g? ttingen, Munich, Germany to study organic chemistry and study the structure of ergosterol, with outstanding achievements. From 65438 to 0934, he returned to China and served as Dean of the School of Science of Central University (Nanjing University) and Director of the Institute of Chemistry of Academia Sinica. Soon, he was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he worked in Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, and then moved to Kunming, Yunnan to continue his research activities. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he went to the United States again to have academic exchanges with scientists in the field of organic chemistry. 1948 Taiwan Province regional leaders university. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he resolutely crossed the underworld and returned to the mainland, and was appointed as the director of the Institute of Organic Classics of China Academy of Sciences. 1March, 1956, member of the State Council Science Planning Commission. In June of the same year 10 was elected as a member of the Department of Mathematical Physical Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, and served as the standing committee member and deputy director of the Department of Chemistry. 1954- 1958 was elected as the deputy to the first and second national people's congresses. 1962 February 15, unfortunately died in Shanghai.
make good
Zhuang Changgong has been engaged in scientific research and higher education all his life, and has made great contributions to organic synthesis, especially the synthesis of steroid compounds and the study of natural organic structures. During this period, he published 1937- 194 1 and 18 important papers. During his stay at the University of G? ttingen, Germany, he conducted fruitful research on the structure of ergot, clarified its chemical structure, and effectively promoted the development of polycyclic compound chemistry. In order to synthesize polycyclic a- ketones from keratin, he designed an effective method with universal significance, which attracted the attention of the international organic chemistry community. When Zhuang Changgong was engaged in research work in Germany, he went to Vienna University to study the newly developed mechanical microanalysis technology. After returning to China, this new technology was first introduced and established in China. In addition, he and his collaborators studied the structure of alkaloids, separated two kinds of crystalline alkaloids from tetrandrine, and explored their structures, one of which has been confirmed as tetrandrine; The other is called tetrandrine, which contains phenolic groups and has been proved to be demethyltetrandrine. Zhuang Changgong is rigorous in his studies and observes experimental phenomena very carefully. For example, in the process of studying the structure of ergosterol, he found that insoluble sodium salt was suspended between the ether layer and the water layer from the oxide of ergosterol, so he separated them and acidified them to get the key product-demethylcholic acid. Zhuang Changgong's scientific research works are rich and fruitful. The main thesis includes the structure of ergosterol, the synthesis of [1] methylcyclohexane acetic acid, [1] formic acid -[2] and related compounds, and the condensation reaction between oxalate and tripropyl carboxylate. His scientific achievements and deeds were recorded in China Keyuan Huayingzhi and China Dictionary of Scientists.
Chemical Research
Contribute to the synthesis of steroid compounds and the study of natural organic compounds.
From 65438 to 0933, when Zhuang Changgong was a visiting professor at the University of G? ttingen, he devoted himself to the structural study of ergosterol and made outstanding contributions. He separated it from the chromic acid oxidation product of ergostane (norbicholineic acid, C23H38O2) and compared it with the known isocholic acid, thus proving that the structure of ergostane is
The structure of ergosterol was speculated.
The importance of ergosterol structure is related to the structure of vitamin D, which is a challenging worldwide topic. Therefore, in the 166 documents listed in the second edition of Karel's famous Organic Chemistry published in the 1940s, one of China's works is Zhuang Changgong's article on ergostane.
From 1934 to 1938, Zhuang Changgong mainly engaged in the synthesis of steroid-related compounds, which effectively promoted the development of organic synthetic chemistry in China. First of all, he thinks that keratin exists between AB ring and CD ring of many steroid compounds, and how to synthesize polycyclic α -ketones and related compounds from keratin is the key to the total synthesis of steroid compounds. This is the focus of his early scientific research work. Starting from 2- methyl cyclohexanone formate -[2], he synthesized 2- methylcyclohexane acetic acid -[ 1]- formic acid -[2] (2) through three steps.
2- methylcyclohexane acetic acid
The synthesis of compound (2) is a model experiment of CD ring in steroid total synthesis designed by him. In fact, Zhuang Changgong's method was partially adopted by Bachmann and others, and the first natural steroid product equilenin was synthesized in the following five years.
Starting from 1- methyl -2- acetyl-cyclopentene -[ 1], he and his students synthesized 2,4-dioxo -8- methyl perhydroindane through Michael addition, and further oxidized it to cis and trans -2- methyl-1- carboxyl-.
Zhuang Changgong also pointed out that the addition of 2,4-dioxo -8- methylperhydroindene with 1- methyl -2- acetyl-cyclohexene -[ 1] is expected to give compound (3) with steroid skeleton.
In the same way, compound (4) was obtained from 1- acetyl-cyclohexene [1] by Michael addition, and trans or cis decalin 1, 3- dione was obtained by treating it with ethanol-sodium hydroxide with different concentrations under different conditions. The former is oxidized to trans -o- carboxycyclohexane acetic acid, while the latter is oxidized to cis-acid.
Two compounds were obtained by separation.
It is worth pointing out that the above-mentioned reactive Kang (Kon) and Rucka (Ruzicka) have been studied, but pure cis-diketones and trans-diketones have not been separated. Zhuang Changgong separated two compounds, which shows the rigor of his research work and is worthy of being a model.
In order to synthesize bicyclic α -ketone from keratin, he designed a general method and obtained satisfactory results. The key of this method is to synthesize unsaturated acid (5) from methylcyclohydrocarbon, and then cyclize it into unsaturated α -ketone with keratin by Darzen reaction, and then catalyze hydrogenation to obtain the desired compound.
According to this design, he and his students synthesized compounds (6) and (7) through the following series of reactions.
Compounds (6) and (7) were synthesized.
The structure of the above compound (6) was proved by the oxidation of (6) to (2). The structure of compound (7) was confirmed by the reduction of its precursor by Clemensen and the dehydrogenation of selenium at high temperature to obtain naphthalene. As far as I know, when selenium was dehydrogenated at high temperature, several pipes were blown up and raw materials were lost several times. So he had to synthesize it again, and finally, after many failures, he got naphthalene instead of methylnaphthalene, thus proving the structure of (7). This fully shows Zhuang Changgong's rigorous work style. His method of making α -ketodiketone from keratin was praised by Fischer as Zhuang method. After the publication of this work, it attracted the attention of the international organic chemistry community at that time, especially Robinson, Linstead, Cook and others in Britain, and also published their papers on the synthesis of polycyclic α -ketones from keratin.
Because of the progress in the synthesis of polycyclic compounds from keratin, Zhuang Changgong and his students then devoted themselves to the synthesis of estrone, the steroid itself. This was also the research object of international organic chemistry at that time, such as Robinson in Britain and Bout Nan Di in Germany. Firstly, Zhuang Changgong synthesized γ-m-methoxyphenylbutyric acid by a simple method, which ensured the supply of starting materials. The derivative (8) of α -naphthylbutyric acid was synthesized from it through several steps, and the precursor of estrone (9)(x=CH3, n= 1) was expected to be obtained through the following steps.
Academic attitude
A keen observation
Zhuang Changgong's academic attitude is extremely rigorous, and his observation is also very keen. For example, in his work to determine the structure of ergosterol, he found that the insoluble sodium salt was suspended between the ether layer and the water layer from the oxidation product of ergosterol, and the key decarbonylisocholic acid was obtained after separation and acidification, and the amount was very small (only 20 mg decarbonylisocholic acid could be obtained from 7 g ergosterol), which was quite advanced at that time and was of decisive significance for inferring the structure of ergosterol. After Zhuang Changgong's work was published, a chemist in his laboratory in G? ttingen said he was lucky. Zhuang Changgong replied that scientific research does not depend on luck, but must have strong perseverance, rigorous attitude and keen observation to succeed. These words became his motto.
Tactile sensitivity
Zhuang Changgong is very sensitive to new scientific and technological progress. When he was studying in Germany, he went to Vienna University to personally study the organic micro-analysis technology, which was just developed at that time and was very important for studying trace components. After returning home, he and his students established this analytical technique for the first time in China, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of domestic research work in the future.
Zhuang Changgong loves research and cares about the growth of cadres. When he leads his assistants to do research work, he gives them personal guidance. One year on New Year's Eve, several young people in the laboratory made an appointment to have dinner together in the evening, but Zhuang Changgong stayed in the laboratory to work until the bell rang for a long time. Although young people have been fidgeting for a long time, they were deeply moved by his tireless spirit of teaching and educating people. On another occasion, he went to Moganshan for a month's summer vacation according to the regulations, but in less than a week, he came back to participate in the investigation himself. When designing the research route, he has to consult a lot of literature and even stay up late. One morning, he came to the laboratory and told his assistant that he stayed up all night and considered a route to synthesize estrone, which was very promising. Later, experiments proved that his consideration was correct, and his spirit deeply infected his assistants and students.
Be diligent in thinking
He often encourages students to think more. When students occasionally have to discuss with him, he will patiently point out what is right and what is wrong. When he sees the students' correct design, he often draws two or three circles on the paper, which makes the students feel extremely excited.
When Zhuang Changgong was teaching in a university, he prepared lessons very carefully and repeatedly thought about how to make students easy to understand, so when he gave lectures, the students listened with relish. For example, when he was talking about the theory of organic compounds, he began to introduce chromophores and chromophores, and then told his classmates not to be satisfied with only knowing where the sound of the piano came from, but also to think about why the strings can make sounds, so he introduced the theory that electronic vibration absorbs visible light waves of a certain wavelength to produce complementary colors. This not only makes the problem clear, but also inspires everyone to understand that nature must be deepened step by step, and there must be a spirit of breaking the casserole and asking the end.
Serious and rigorous
No matter what work Zhuang Changgong does, his attitude is serious. Not only do the year-end summary or quarterly summary seriously; Even if you make a list, or a list of letters sent and received in a year, you are meticulous and responsible. Once I checked the inventory and changed it seven times in a row before I made a list. He said that the country's foreign exchange must be saved, especially the person in charge should be more serious and responsible.
Be strict with yourself
Zhuang Changgong was strict with himself, lived frugally, loved his motherland and was upright. When he was the president of Taiwan Province Provincial University, he tried to dismiss a group of teachers who had nepotism with the powerful people at that time, but it backfired and was opposed by the authorities. He also resisted the reactionary military police several times to arrest people and protected the pursued students in his dormitory.
biographical notes
1894 was born in Quanzhou, Fujian on February 25th.
1916—1918 Beijing Agricultural College.
1919-1921studied in the chemistry department of the university of Chicago, USA, and obtained a bachelor's degree.
1921-1924 studied in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Chicago, USA, and obtained a doctorate.
1924 ——1931Professor of Northeastern University and Head of the Department of Chemistry.
1926 ——1933 Scientific Lecture by the Board of Directors of China Education and Culture Fund.
1931-1932 was a visiting professor at the University of G? ttingen and the Star University in Germany.
1933 ——1934 Dean, School of Science, Central University.
1934 ——1945 researcher of the board of directors of Ren Zhonghua education and culture foundation.
1934- 1943 served as the director of the institute of chemistry of academia sinica and was elected as a member of the academic Committee of academia sinica.
From 65438 to 0948, he served as the leader of Taiwan Province province and was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica.
1950 director, institute of organic chemistry, China academy of sciences.
1955 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences and served as deputy director of the Department of Mathematics and Physics.
1962 died in Shanghai on February 25th.
Main thesis
Ma Jiming Changgongzhuang 1. Preliminary report on chemical constituents of Scrophularia ningpoensis. Trans ... sci SOC。 China, 1932, 7: 187— 194, C.A. 1932, 26: 5632.
2 Zhuang Changgong, Tian Yulin. A preliminary study on the Confucian classics of Stellera chamaejasme. Ibid.,1932,7:195-205; C.A. 1932，26:5699
Zhuang Changgong, Zhang Weiping, Shen Haifeng. Preliminary report on chemical constituents of Alisma orientalis in China. Ibid., 1932, 7: 207-215; c . a . 1932，26:5699。
4 Zhuang Changgong. Structure of ergosterol. . Ann， 1933，500:270-280； C.A. 1933，27:2 157
Zhuang Changgong, Tian Yulin and Huang Yaoceng. Synthesis of 2- methylcyclohexane acetic acid -[ 1]- formic acid -[2] and its related compounds. Ber。 Deuteronomy chemistry. GES。 ， 1935，68b:864-870； 1935，29:508 1。
6 Ma Jiming Zhuang Changgong. Synthesis of cyclohexane diacetic acid mono [1, 2] and its related compounds. Ibid., 1935, 68b: 871-876; c . a 1935，29:5085。
7 Zhuang Changgong, Han Jinjian. Addition of butadiene to alkylbenzene quinone. Ibid.,1935,68b: 876-882; c . a . 1935，29:5098。
8 Zhuang Changgong Ma Jiming, condensation of oxalate with β-methyl-tricarboxylic acid ester. Ibid.,1935,68b: 882-886; c . a . 1935，29:5083。
No.9, Changgong, Majiming Village, Tian Yulin. 8- methyl perhydroindene derivatives and cis -2- methyl-1- carboxyl-cyclopentane-acetic acid -[2]. Ibid.,1935,68b:1946-1957. 1936，30:724。
Tian Yulin Zhuang Changgong 10. Cis-trans decalin dione -[ 1, 3]. Ibid., 1936, 69b: 25-31; About1936,30; 2953.
Ma Jiming Tian Yulin Zhuang Changgong 1 1. A general method for synthesizing polycyclic α-ketones from keratin. Ibid.,1936,69b:1494-1505; C.A. 1936，30:6000。
12 Zhuang changgong, Huang Yaoceng. Synthesis of γ-methoxyphenylbutyric acid. Ibid.,1936,69b:1505-1508: c.a.1936,30: 60065438.
13 Zhuang Changgong, Tian Yulin, Huang Yaoceng. Study on synthesis of sterols and sex hormones. The synthesis of 10 hydroxy -3- oxo-hexahydro and its methyl ether is reported for the first time. Ibid. 1937, 70b: 858-863; c . a 1937，3 1:4674。
Zhuang Changgong, Xing, Gao Yisheng, Zhang Guoren, 14, study on tetrandrine, used for prevention and demethylation of tetrandrine. Ibid., 1939, 72b: 519-525; C.A. 1939，33:4257
15 Zhuang Changgong, Huang Yaoceng, Ma Jiming. Study on synthesis of sterols and sex hormones. The second report is the synthesis of 3- oxohexahydro. Ibid., 1939, 72B,: 713-716; C.A. 1939，33:4982。
16 Zhuang Changgong, Ma Jiming, Tian Yulin, Huang Yaoceng. Study on synthesis of sterols and sex hormones. The third report, 7- hydroxy -3- oxo -3,4-dihydro-(cyclopentenyl-1', 2': 1, 2- phenanthrene) and its methyl ether. C.A. 1939，33:5862。
17 Zhuang Changgong, Zhu, Gao Yisheng. 2- methyl -4- phenyl-cyclohexylacetic acid and its related compounds. Ibid.,1940,73b:1347-1353; c . a 194 1.35:2865。
18 Zhuang Changgong, Zhu, Gao Yisheng. Study on synthesis of sterols and sex hormones. The fourth report, the synthesis of 3- naphthyl -[2]- cyclopentanone derivatives. Ibid., 194 1, 74b: 798-806; c . a 194 1，35:695 1。
Related report
Zhuang Changgong: A Flag of China Chemical Industry (20 19- 10-25 Source: Von China Science News)
Speaking of Zhuang Changgong, one thing was once told as a much-told story in Northeastern University. That was when I was working at Northeastern University. One Sunday, he took a worker to the laboratory to do experiments. When he was absorbed in the experiment, he handed a glass bottle to the person standing behind him and said, "Please clean it." The man replied, "Yes, Professor Zhuang." Then I laughed. He looked back and found the headmaster, Zhang Xueliang, behind him. Zhang Xueliang gave a thumbs-up and said, "You are a real scientist."
This shows that Zhuang Changgong is serious about his research work. Innovation, persistence, integrity and diligence are the impressions of students and colleagues. Compared with 70 years ago, scientific research in China has taken on a new look. However, many interviewees told the China Journal of Science that the qualities of the older generation of scientists, such as Zhuang Changgong, are still shining and worth learning.
As a pioneer of organic chemistry in China, Zhuang Changgong devoted his life to scientific research and higher education. His research on the synthesis of steroid compounds enjoys a high reputation in the field of international organic chemistry. Established the first organic microanalysis laboratory in China, and trained a number of academic leaders such as Gao Yisheng and Huang Yaoceng. The organic chemistry terms he advocated, such as indole and pyrrole, are still in use today. Guo Moruo, then president of Chinese Academy of Sciences, called him "a banner of China chemistry".
Chemistry in troubled times
Zhuang Changgong 1894 12.25 was born in Quanzhou, Fujian, a declining scholar. With the support of Liao Wang, an overseas Chinese village in the Philippines, he went to the University of Chicago for further study at the age of 25. Seeing the economic depression in southern Fujian at that time, he originally planned to study agricultural chemistry to make sugar from sugarcane and take the road of saving the country through industry. Under the persuasion of doctoral supervisor JuliusStieglitz, he learned that engaging in basic research can also serve the motherland.
1924, Zhuang Changgong returned to China. He first stayed in Wuhan University for a short time, and then served as a professor and head of the Department of Chemistry at Northeastern University. He not only teaches chemistry courses, but also carries out basic research, leading students to publish research articles on chemical constituents of Chinese herbal medicines such as Scrophularia, Stellera chamaejasme and Alisma orientalis. 193 1 year, after the September 18th incident, the northeast fell. He left the northeast of China without giving in to the enemy.
Subsequently, Zhuang Changgong visited Germany. During his laboratory in A.Windaus, a Nobel Prize winner and professor at the University of G? ttingen, with careful planning and experimental skills, he solved the unsolved problem of ergosterol structure and speculated the structure of ergosterol. Because ergosterol is related to the structure of vitamin D, the related results quickly attracted attention after the publication of the Justus von Liebig Chemical Annual Report. The oxidation method he initially used later became the method used in the industrial production of steroid hormones.
Nobel Prize winner P.Karrer included this paper in the textbook of organic chemistry. "This is an international organic chemistry textbook in the 1940s. In the version published by 1942, * * listed 166 documents, among which only Zhuang Changgong's article on ergosterol was written by China people. " Dai Lixin, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced. Since then, two other American monographs have also mentioned this work.
This strengthened Zhuang Changgong's confidence in winning glory for his country in the field of basic research, and he decided to bring the international frontier topic of steroid chemical synthesis back to China for research. Steroids have complex structures and many asymmetric carbon atoms. At that time, only a few people in the world dared to manage. Zhuang Changgong worked hard with graduates from several national central universities and northeastern universities. From 1935 to 194 1, they published 14 papers in the most famous German chemical journal at that time.
But when Zhuang Changgong can produce the most results, it happens that our country is in dire straits. The full-scale invasion of the Japanese invaders forced him to "jump ship" frequently. During this period, I worked in the Department of Chemistry of National Central University, the Institute of Chemistry of Academia Sinica, the Institute of Pharmacy of Beijing Research Institute, and moved to Nanjing, Shanghai, Kunming and other places, and even stopped working for a time. Therefore, his research on sex hormone estrone lost the opportunity in the competition with European and American teams. Nevertheless, its achievements still attract international attention.
"Mr. Zhuang's work in the artificial synthesis of steroid compounds was very advanced and unprecedented in the world at that time. Judging from the magazines in which he published articles, his work has been internationally recognized. " Dai Lixin said. In this regard, in the fifth issue of Science Monthly (1992), Liu Guangding, honorary professor of the Department of Chemistry of Taiwan Province Provincial University, also wrote: "His success can make China people have confidence."
In addition, Zhuang Changgong established the discipline of organic microanalysis for the first time in China. At that time, all kinds of spectral instruments had not come out, and organic microanalysis was the most important means to determine the structure, but because of the small amount, it needed hard study to master it. While studying in Germany, he went to F.Pregl laboratory of Graz University, Austria, a Nobel Prize winner, to study organic microanalysis technology and ordered related instruments. When people visit the history exhibition hall of the Institute of Organic Sciences, they can also see the microbalance he brought back from Austria.
Everyone has the responsibility to succeed in this field.
A flower is not spring, only hard work to serve the country. Zhuang Changgong has never forgotten this original intention.
As early as 1923, Zhuang Changgong and Li Baoqing, a chemist studying in the United States, organized the chinese chemical society in the United States, and planned to publish the Journal of chinese chemical society to publish research topics. Unfortunately, it was not published. 1932 after the establishment of chinese chemical society, he took an active part.
Zhuang Changgong has long recognized that the important factor to improve the international academic status is quality, not quantity. During his tenure as director of the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, he changed the way of writing research reports, editing and publishing, and asked his colleagues to submit their research results to domestic and foreign journals, and then edit them after they were officially published. "In recent years, the research results of this institute have made great progress," Liu Guangding wrote. Unfortunately, successive wars have deprived China's scientific community of the opportunity to learn and popularize this method.
1948, Zhuang Changgong returned from a visit to the United States and became the president of Taiwan Province Provincial University. However, it is difficult to dismiss some related old faculty members, and it is impossible to carry out school affairs because Kuomintang spies broke into the school to catch students. After returning to Shanghai, he lived at home by reviewing manuscripts.
1949 After the founding of New China, Zhuang Changgong was quickly hired as the preparatory committee member of China Academy of Sciences. 1950 was appointed as the first director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences. In the early days of its establishment, he recruited talents extensively and adjusted his research direction, thus creating conditions for the development of organic chemistry in New China. "Many of his ideas are very new, and some ideas and opinions played an important role at that time." For example, Dai Lixin said that the establishment of an organic institute in two disciplines is one of them.
Zhuang Changgong always keeps up with the pace of new technology. "At that time, as a director, he kept learning and mastering the latest scientific knowledge in two new fields of polymers and antibiotics developed by organic enterprises." Dai Lixin, 1953, entered the Institute to help Zhuang Changgong collect polymer research documents, and was deeply impressed by the latter's research and pragmatic spirit.
Since then, the Polymer Group of the Institute of Organic Sciences has moved to Beijing, becoming a main force of the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhuang Changgong was appointed as the chairman of the preparatory committee of the institute.
In addition, Zhuang Changgong also served as the editorial board of Journal of chinese chemical society and Journal of Chemistry for a long time. He attached great importance to China's terminology of organic chemistry, and often said that it was a prerequisite for the growth of chemistry in China. Some commonly used organic chemistry terms, such as heterocyclic terms such as indole and pyrrole, are all his ideas.
Good at diligence and successful thinking.
Zhuang Changgong is not only a scientist, but also an educator. His students and colleagues, such as Xing, Gao Yisheng, Huang Yaoceng and Zhu, later became leaders of teaching units or research units.
According to Tian Yulin and others, Zhuang Changgong was very careful in preparing lessons and was always wondering how to make students easy to understand. Therefore, when he lectures, he can often make students "fascinated and listen with relish", and when discussing problems with him, he can make people "really feel the spring breeze".
Zhuang Changgong's love for science exerts a subtle influence on students. Tian Yulin and others wrote in the article recalling the tutor that he had a month's holiday in summer, and once, less than a week later, he came back to participate in the experiment. When he designs the research route, he often consults a lot of documents and even stays up all night.
Zhuang Changgong emphasized that scientific research should have a rigorous attitude. When his work on the structure of ergosterol was published, a colleague in Windaus's laboratory thought that his success was due to luck. Zhuang Changgong replied: "Scientific research does not depend on luck. You must have strong perseverance, rigorous attitude and keen observation to succeed. " He often uses it to educate his students.
Zhuang Changgong also attaches great importance to family education. Influenced by his father, two of Zhuang Yahui's three brothers chose chemistry as their major. In Zhuang Yahui's impression, what his father said most was "If you don't do one thing, start doing one thing", "If you take the method, you will get the right method" and "If you stop at the last stop, you will die".
"My father asked me to choose an innovative and meaningful direction for scientific research, to sit on the bench, to put myself in a situation where there is no retreat, and to overcome difficulties wholeheartedly." Father's words, from taking up scientific research posts to later serving as the director of the ecological environment research center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have been engraved in Zhuang Yahui's heart.
During a trip to Northeast China, Zhuang Changgong unfortunately fell ill and his health went from bad to worse. 1Feb. 96215th, he died in Shanghai.
In order to commemorate Zhuang Changgong's contribution to basic chemistry research, Shanghai Society of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering