University is a critical period for the development of college students' self-cognition. How to make them know themselves correctly is of great practical and long-term significance to their present and future, present situation and development. College students' mature personality is not perfect, their psychological quality is defective, and their self-cognition is often biased. They can't evaluate themselves correctly, treat their gains and losses objectively [1], and can't position themselves correctly, which often has a negative impact on their future employment, study, development and life [2]. Correct self-cognition comes from correct ideological quality. To correct biased self-cognition, we should pay attention to improving ideological quality.

The foundation of the formation of self-consciousness

How to know yourself correctly is related to the overall situation of your own development and even affects your life; How to evaluate yourself correctly, judge your code of conduct objectively and accurately, and decide success or failure.

Where does the correct self-cognition of college students come from? Obviously, it didn't fall from the sky, nor was it born. People's correct self-cognition can only come from social practice. Chairman Mao said: "People's social existence determines people's thoughts". And this kind of thinking, of course, includes self-awareness.

The formation of college students' self-cognition is related to family, school, society and other environments, and is the basis of the formation of self-cognition. Before going to school, influenced by family members and kindergarten teachers, this enlightenment stage is of great significance to his life; In primary and secondary schools, their self-awareness has developed greatly, and they began to have their own opinions on external things; In the university stage, with the growth of age, the chances of contacting the society increase obviously, and I have a relatively complete self-awareness from my own vertical and horizontal experiences. Because of the relative independence of study and life at this time, self-cognition has more and more influence on a person's behavior.

The characteristics of self-cognition in universities are very different, although their education is basically the same. The reason for this is that their social practice is different and their perceived environment is different, which comes from the differences in family quality education, ideological and moral education and family economic situation. People with superior family environment, overindulgent parents and strong self-awareness are obviously different from those with poor family environment and suffering from childhood.

When college students enter school, their self-cognition is quite different, and their ideological quality is mixed. Some college students have high ideological quality, stable work, strong self-care ability and independent thinking; On the contrary, some college students have poor ideological quality, extreme work, poor self-care ability and blind behavior. This difference is mainly the difference between family environment and education. Defects formed from childhood, if not corrected in adulthood, often have a negative impact on life.

During college, teachers should fully understand students' individual differences, focus on college students who are prone to self-cognition, strengthen targeted education, and pay special attention to ideological and political education, which is very important for establishing correct self-cognition standards, correcting wrong ideological understanding and conducting timely and appropriate ideological education [3]. Although it is difficult to educate these college students, as long as they are persuaded and educated from a long-term perspective, good results can be achieved. In fact, the emphasis on college students' self-awareness and ideological education is far from enough, which is exactly what we need to strengthen in our work [4].

Second, correctly identify self-awareness

Whether college students' self-cognition is correct or not requires self-correct judgment first. Self-knowledge is self-knowledge. This process of raising awareness, as Chairman Mao said, "A correct understanding often needs to be repeated from matter to spirit, from spirit to matter, that is, from practice to understanding, from understanding to practice."

College students are a group with high incidence of psychological problems, whose basic feature is psychological imbalance in normal state, that is, deviation or even confusion of self-cognitive judgment. In behavior, it is often manifested as cognitive self-affirmation-hesitation-affirmation-negation, that is, it is not sure about its own cognition, can not judge correctly, and is often in the contradiction of self-cognition.

This phenomenon is related to low ideological quality, poor discrimination and little social practice. Although there are many reasons, the most important one is low ideological quality. Some people with extreme behavior show obvious childish characteristics about some events. They are always self-righteous and have a good self-evaluation before doing things. They lack correct judgment on their incorrect ideas and have no correct understanding of the cause and effect. For example, the Yao Jiaxin case and Ma Jiajue case, which shocked the whole country, always thought that their way of thinking was correct before doing things, and put this idea into practice. It was not until the crime was committed and it was difficult to end it that I suddenly realized and regretted it. If they can be sure that such consequences will happen before the incident, if it happens again afterwards, it is unlikely that they will repeat the previous means.

Correct self-cognition is the basis and premise of correctly judging one's own behavior, correctly judging and analyzing events, and correctly handling and solving problems. Once there is deviation, you will lose the ability to judge correctly, and you will not be able to distinguish right from wrong accurately, thus becoming ignorant or even blind when dealing with interpersonal relationships and daily affairs. To change this state, we must improve our self-cognitive ability and find the golden key to solving problems. For those who are prone to extreme behavior, we should focus on improving their self-awareness and ability to distinguish right from wrong, so that some college students with self-awareness deviation can get out of the misunderstanding as soon as possible. Some college students with self-cognitive bias are unaware of their own problems, while others are aware of their possible problems but are unwilling to correct them. In this case, through in-depth and meticulous political and ideological work [5], they have a correct world outlook and correct cognitive methods, so as to master the correct self-cognitive standards and methods.

Self-cognition and ideology

There are many factors that affect self-cognition. Usually, family environment, social environment, political and ideological education environment, teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship are all important influencing factors. Undeniably, at present, with the weakening of family education, the increase of social negative influence and the marginalization of ideological and political education, there are some problems in college students' ideological consciousness, and even crises in belief, honesty, psychology, employment and interpersonal relationship, which have a great impact on college students' ideological consciousness, and then directly or indirectly affect their self-awareness level and the accuracy of judging events.

The ideological basis of self-cognition. Once there is a deviation of "arrogance" in thought, there will always be egoism in doing things and selfish behavior. This ideology will naturally have a significant and even decisive impact on self-cognition. In real life, some college students are arrogant and supercilious, always overestimating their abilities, which leads to a "strong" deviation in self-cognition; Contrary to the above situation, some college students have a "low" deviation in thinking, often lack self-confidence in doing things, and their behavior is in a state of inferiority, which leads to a "weak" deviation in self-cognition.

Once the ideology of college students forms a relatively stable thinking mode, it has a great influence on self-cognition and appears "stubborn" character. Why some college students always make the same mistakes and why some college students find it difficult to listen to and adopt the correct opinions of others is determined by ideology.

Some college students are biased in self-cognition and lack self-knowledge, which is more or less related to their ideology. Some extreme college students are not unaware of the consequences of their actions before the serious consequences appear, and even insist on doing so when they know the serious consequences clearly, and adopt an indifferent attitude in ideology. This is obviously not a lack of cognition, but their ideological laissez-faire or deliberate deviation.

Fourth, the rectification points of self-cognition

In the process of improving college students' self-cognitive ability and correcting cognitive deviation, they should change their wrong ideology. At present, there is a big gap between the ideological education of college students and the practical requirements, which is an important factor leading to the deviation of self-cognition. In teaching, we should pay attention to educating them to establish a correct materialistic world outlook, lofty moral outlook on life, overcome extreme egoism, and take regulating their own behavior as the basic criterion and bottom line of life. However, in reality, ideological and political education has been weakened, and unhealthy ideology, cult thought and nihilism are pervasive, even reaching a very worrying level.

Pay attention to the importance of educating college students to know the correct self-cognition. In teaching, we should pay attention to combining with reality, learning from others, using life cases to guide, remind and warn them, so that they can fully realize the influence of correct self-cognition on their future, improve the importance and urgency of self-cognition ability, and then improve their enthusiasm and consciousness of correcting self-cognition deviation. Avoid two extremes in the process of self-cognition and correction, neither become dejected and despondent, belittle oneself, nor prevent complacency and narcissism.

Self-knowledge bears the brand of class. Great people have correct and great self-cognition, while those who are idle, have low taste and are not beneficial to the people have wrong and paranoid self-cognition. People have different ideals, different goals, different morality, good and evil, and different self-awareness. How to turn wrong self-cognition into correct self-cognition is not a matter of one day. College students' positive self-awareness is an important prerequisite and basic guarantee for the smooth development of career planning education, and it is particularly important to strengthen their abilities of self-cognition, self-evaluation, self-management and self-expectation [6].

College students are high-risk groups who are easy to recognize themselves. Mature and perfect self-cognition, the cognition of negative events in college students' life will be more objective, the emotional experience will be milder, and they can actively mediate and control, so they also have strong endurance and self-regulation ability. The fundamental task and purpose of ideological and political education is to educate, enlighten and solve standpoint and ideological problems with the most advanced and scientific world outlook and methodology of mankind, and constantly improve the ability to understand and transform the world, so as to stimulate college students' enthusiasm for study and work and correct their work and interpersonal relationships. The transformation of people's thoughts, viewpoints and positions, as well as the formation law of outlook on life and world are the key points of ideological and political education.

It is an important subject to educate some marginalized college students by combining psychological education with ideological guidance and putting forward reasonable solutions to psychological and ideological problems from interpersonal relationships, psychological prevention and other aspects. This kind of education should not only pay attention to other people's teacher-led education, but also pay attention to self-education based on self-study. The two are highly complementary and cannot be neglected. The former focuses on imparting skills and has the functions of enlightenment and guidance. The latter can improve their ideological consciousness and correct their wrong ideological consciousness through self-study, especially some progressive philosophical books and progressive literary books.

In a word, there are many reasons for the problems of college students' self-cognition, among which correct thinking is particularly important. Cognitive education starts with moral quality and ideological education, which is very conducive to the improvement of college students' self-cognition. Combining the improvement of college students' ideological and moral education with people's concern about self-cognition and psychological problems, and carrying out ideological and political education in a targeted manner will certainly receive ideal educational results.