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Keywords: opera songs; Singing skills; artistic value
First, a preliminary study of opera songs
Opera Song first appeared at the beginning of 1952. In order to promote the cultural prosperity of new China, the China Opera Association and the Chinese Music Association jointly held the "New Opera Seminar", focusing on the relationship between new opera creation and opera reform, and the reference of new opera creation and western opera. As a result, a new form of expression different from traditional folk songs-"opera song" appeared in national opera. This kind of creation, which is rooted in traditional folk songs and draws lessons from colorful local operas, is based on the tones and techniques of traditional operas, which are both like operas and aria of songs. Once it was launched, it became popular all over the country, and its rich nationality, appreciation and singing won the love and pursuit of the people.
On the stage of this period, the national opera appeared a rare scene of prosperity, and a number of excellent works were born: the opera "The Marriage of Little Erhei", which was created with the elements of Shanxi local opera, was sung by Guo and soon spread all over China; The Red Guards of Honghu Lake absorbs the essence of folk music and ancient paintings and operas in Tianmen and Mianyang, Hubei Province, and uses the combination of banqiang and ballad style to unfold the plot and reveal the inner feelings of the characters. Sanjie Liu is the first large-scale musical drama with traditional folk songs as its theme in China, which is of benchmark significance. The opera Red Coral mainly absorbs the tones of various operas in Henan and southern folk music. As the main framework of traditional Chinese opera music structure, it combines banqiang and ballad style, and adopts duet and chorus, especially chorus, which has achieved special artistic effects of enhancing the drama atmosphere and excavating the characters' thoughts and feelings. The main aria opera Jiang Jie, such as Ode to Coral and Sad Sea Wind, is mainly composed of Sichuan folk songs and Sichuan operas, and at the same time absorbs the tones of Sichuan dulcimer, Sichuan Yin Qing, Zhejiang Wu Opera, Yue Opera, Suzhou Pingtan and Beijing Opera, and records the opera elements with different styles. What happened? Therefore, the whole opera music is colorful, harmonious and unified, with strong drama and lyricism of beautiful folk songs.
Undoubtedly, the musical elements of "Opera Song" evolved from the aria in national operas similar to western arias come directly from various traditional operas in China. As mentioned above, its nationality, appreciation and singing are deeply loved by the people. "Opera songs" began to enter the music hall and people's lives as an art form of "new songs". Since the 1980s, due to the spread of TV art forms, operas created with dramatic elements are in the ascendant, resulting in a number of outstanding works, such as Singing Face, Thinking in Front of the Door, confidante, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Drunk New Guifei, Mei Lanfang, Broken Bridge and Dream, which have promoted the innovation, prosperity and prosperity of China traditional folk songs.
Second, the creative background
The opera A Farewell is the product of this period. The song of this opera was written by Wei and composed by Wang Chao. This song was first sung by singer Wang Qingshuang at the 13th CCTV Young Singers' Grand Prix. It was fresh and pleasant, with full melody, and won unanimous praise from the music industry. The opera Farewell is a love swan song of joys and sorrows, with exquisite and neat lyrics and rhyming sentences. It has the characteristics of ancient poetry and artistic songs, and is also a narrative song. The final words of each sentence rhyme to vowel "ang", such as "long, light, young, singing, longing, hope, hometown, makeup" and so on. The lyrics are catchy, elegant and subtle, and full of charm.
In the song, the author outlines a beautiful love story that spans thousands of years. It seems to lead us through ancient and modern times to find the shadow of unforgettable love. The vast sea of people, two hearts match each other. The protagonist is passionate and crazy, looking forward to being with the person he loves forever. Musically, national singing is integrated with traditional opera singing. The melody of the song begins with Peking Opera style, melodious and broad, bold and passionate, and then tells the eternal legend in a narrative way, which is beautiful and delicate and affectionate, reproduces some melodies and returns to the original opera singing method, but it is not completely repeated.
Third, the analysis of singing skills
"Farewell forever" is a three-part musical work with neat structure and clear lines. Music appeared in a unique form from the beginning, and the lyrics rhymed to present a magnificent picture. The composer begins with cadence, and the whole work begins with an impassioned prelude. Express this cross-world love song and eternal farewell feelings incisively and vividly, and then extract the lyrics. The whole song is divided into three parts: introduction+paragraph A, paragraph B and reappearance of paragraph A.. Introduction is a loose board of directors.
Spectral example 1:
As can be seen from the first music example, the introduction is 9- 16, and a lot of decorative sounds such as Boeing, vibrato, tilting and sliding are used. In just four sentences, five-degree, six-degree, seven-degree and eight-degree jumps before and after, and the singing method of the national opera at the beginning of the scattered board is the most prominent, which makes the opening full of Beijing flavor and magnificent, as if crossing into the era when Beijing opera was prevalent in the Qing Dynasty. In the first sentence, "Looking at the mountains and high water, Wan Li scenery, melodious music, farewell forever", in the weak beat, the words "looking", "water", "song" and "ancient" all use the singing method of Beijing opera. There are many big jumps between the two sounds, and then the words are pronounced after the pad sounds, which requires the singer to have a strong breath to connect the words. At the same time, attention should be paid to the clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and the prefix in the words should be strengthened to make the works feel delicate in the sound, tender in the sound and relaxed in the pine.
Spectrum example 2: (the connection between introduction and paragraph a)
From the second musical example, we can see that the connection between the introduction and paragraph A is mainly in rising tone, and the short seven-tone has completed the transformation from high-pitched passion to beautiful tenderness. In the version of Wang Qingshuang's accompaniment, there is erhu accompaniment at the junction of the introduction and paragraph A, which makes the introduction full of Beijing flavor and the pop music color of paragraph A get a perfect inheritance in comparison.
Spectral example 3:
Section a is 18-27. As can be seen from the score example 3, paragraph A is delicate and gentle, which is in sharp contrast with the majestic Beijing dialect in front, and the singing method has also changed from the Beijing dialect singing method in the introduction to the popular singing method. The transformation between these styles is like going through a thousand years, telling a love story that spans the times and echoes the theme of the song. The phrase "The ebb and flow of the world is the most unforgettable" uses octaves and sixteenth notes. The word "most difficult" has seven jumps. Pay attention to the support of breath when singing. As the pitch increases, the volume of the sound will also increase. The word "forget" plus a small decorative sound will bring the listener into a period of memories full of friendship.
Spectral example 4:
As can be seen from the spectrum example 4, "Going home at night, dressing in the mirror, waking up with tears for a thousand lines" seems to bring the listener into a dream, back to his youth, seeing the past in the mirror, and when he wakes up, he is filled with emotion and his thoughts turn into tears. Every sentence has a small fluctuation of music, as if the inner waves and tranquility alternate. Pay attention to the support of breath and the contrast of each sentence when singing. Each bar should become stronger as the volume increases and weaker as the volume decreases. Also insist on the prefix and make the vowels of each word clear. The accompaniment is mostly sixteenth notes, which increases the fluency of the song. The piano accompaniment part corresponding to "dream" is a triplet, which seems to bring people into a dream. A Thousand Tears uses four-degree intervals and chords, from the arpeggio of sixteenth notes to the four-degree intervals and chords, which gives listeners a sense of shock and makes them feel unforgettable love. Spectral example 5:
As can be seen from the spectrum example 5, with a series of arpeggios, the next two chords enter the B section.
Spectral example 6:
Section B is 25-26 bars, which is the climax of the song. As can be seen from the score example 6, the pitch of the singing part is above the second group of small characters, and the mood of the song is more exciting than before. The lyrics of "The previous life is too far away, the next life is too long, and the seas are dry and the rocks are rotten, and the heart is boundless" are compared and synonyms, which further reflects the lingering friendship. The word "too long" uses the first eight and the last sixteen sounds in a beat, which vividly depicts the complex and contradictory feelings of the protagonist. When singing, the mood should also become excited and enthusiastic according to the change of the mood of the song. Songs should be pushed to a climax with the change of volume and intensity. The word "long" can be gradually strengthened, requiring a high position when singing, and expressing the protagonist's concern for life and death with the change of voice.
Spectral example 7:
As can be seen from the seventh score, bars 34-37 are the connection between the B part and the reproduced A part. At this time, the piano accompaniment part uses a lot of octaves, sixteenth notes and arpeggios spanning three octaves, showing the thrilling feeling of the song, and then the 37th bar rises by five degrees, and the volume should be handled from "P" to "ff".
Spectral example 8:
As can be seen from the eighth score, this part is the introduction part that reproduces the repeated singing of paragraph A. The introduction here is slightly different from the first introduction, and the ups and downs of the melody are in sharp contrast with the previous paragraphs due to the addition of decorative sounds, which echoes back and forth and highlights the Beijing flavor.
Spectral example 9:
As can be seen from the score example 9, the words "Qian" and "Gu" at the end of the song have extended symbols, which provide space for the singer's second creation, and at the same time require the singer to have a high singing level and breath support. The word "Jue" is a long note followed by a Boeing tune, which requires the singer to sing in a high position, with full voice and full breath. The last word "singing" is * * * eight beats, which requires the singer to have strong breath support, and to show calm and sincere emotions when singing, so that the whole song can end in a passionate mood.
This "Farewell" perfectly combines national music with traditional opera music, sparking sparks in "drama" and "song". The organic combination of singing and form is fresh and refined, magnificent and makes people shine. It perfectly presents the national music to the world with a brand-new form and appearance, which adds a touch of bright color to the development and prosperity of China national music, and also reflects the diversification of the development of China national music.
As we all know, China Opera used to be a history textbook of China society. After tempering, it has strong national style and cultural characteristics, beautiful tunes and touching plots. And pop songs became the year of the end of the 20th century? P people's pets. The "traditional opera songs" created by organically combining traditional opera elements with folk songs not only have the popular characteristics of the times, but also have their national charm and sense of the times, which is also very attractive to young audiences.
Undoubtedly, the birth of a number of "opera songs", such as A Farewell, has specific artistic value and far-reaching significance for the creation of folk songs and popular songs in the new period and the revival of ancient China operas.
(The author is a professor in the Department of Vocal Music, Shanghai University Conservatory of Music)
References:
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[2] Wang. On the aesthetic innovation of traditional elements and the pulse of the times from the song A Farewell [J]. China's Music Creation.2014 (03).
[3] Chen Yizheng. Take A Farewell as an example to analyze the second creation of vocal performance art [J]. Popular literature.
[4]. On the Integration of National Vocal Music and Opera Tone from A Farewell [J]. Art space.