The Significance of Developing Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Local Undergraduate Colleges
(A) to adapt to regional economic development, the need to give play to the advantages of the school.
Universities are a powerful driving force to promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of regional economy and society. Source of thought? Technology, management and cultural innovation base. Different from traditional academic universities and vocational and technical colleges, local undergraduate colleges have realized the combination of academic and vocational higher education. From the perspective of talent training, pay attention to all-round social needs; From the professional setting, it can be more widely combined with actual work and life; From the perspective of course teaching, we should construct a new teaching mode and adopt diversified teaching methods. Therefore, local colleges and universities should establish regional consciousness, give full play to their comparative advantages, and cultivate diversified applied talents for the sustainable development of regional economy according to the actual situation and needs of regional economic development. This requires colleges and universities to adhere to the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education, do a good job in combining professional disciplines with local economic development, talent training with enterprise needs, innovation and entrepreneurship education with regional economic characteristics, and cultivate talents with high quality, strong ability and strong innovation to win social reputation and give play to their unique advantages in running schools.
(2) Relieve the pressure of employment and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of students' employment.
The number of college graduates is increasing year by year, and the number of jobs provided by traditional industries is becoming more and more limited. The progress of science and technology and the rise of labor costs have virtually suppressed the employment space. This requires colleges and universities to actively adapt, carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education, carry out education and teaching reform, cultivate more entrepreneurial talents and make contributions to regional economic development. For example, focusing on the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure and circular economy, Guangxi has optimized the development of food, automobile, petrochemical, electric power, non-ferrous metals, metallurgy, machinery, building materials, paper and wood processing, electronic information, pharmaceutical manufacturing, textile and clothing, leather, biology, shipbuilding and marine engineering equipment, etc./kloc-0.4 billion yuan; At the same time, actively develop a low-carbon economy, accelerate the formation of industrial clusters, and further optimize the development environment.
The main problems of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities at present
(A) the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education is missing
Some colleges and universities pay little attention to innovation and entrepreneurship education, and think that innovation and entrepreneurship education is to cultivate entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs, and it is a part of employment guidance. Paying attention to short-term effect in value orientation, as a temporary measure to solve students' employment difficulties, is regarded as a useful supplement to improve students' employment rate. What are the main contents of the courses of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students? Challenge Cup? And the introduction of competition content and the teaching of preparation experience, paying too much attention to scores and rankings, and carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education with utilitarianism; Or overemphasize the ability to make money and the accumulation of wealth in the classroom, ignoring the cultivation of students' innovative and entrepreneurial spirit and professionalism. The deviation of understanding the essence of innovation and entrepreneurship education directly leads to the neglect of management by management departments, teachers teaching in a few words and students dabbling in learning, which affects the popularization of innovation and entrepreneurship knowledge and the improvement of students' comprehensive quality.
(B) out of touch with the education and teaching system
Many colleges and universities only take innovation and entrepreneurship education courses as elective courses, extracurricular activities, lectures and so on. It is not organically combined with the reform of talent training mode in colleges and universities and the professional teaching in the education and teaching system. The narrow concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education is the cultivation of skills, which ignores the deep-seated foundation of innovation and entrepreneurship education and forms an educational misunderstanding. Colleges and universities think that offering courses is to implement the documents of higher authorities, and innovation and entrepreneurship education is not really integrated into the education and teaching reform. Students only passively learn innovation and entrepreneurship education in order to get credits.
(c) Lack of teachers
Innovation and entrepreneurship education involves multidisciplinary knowledge and has the characteristics of practicality and actual combat. Teachers' experiential and guided teaching effects will be more than traditional conceptual teaching, so teachers must have advanced teaching concepts, rich theoretical knowledge and strong entrepreneurial management experience. But at present, many teachers in colleges and universities are only satisfied with books, without corresponding management and practical experience, and only attend classes? Theoretically? ; Do some schools adopt the selection and appointment of teachers? Lang Langpei? Teachers of innovation and entrepreneurship education are selected from administrators and counselors. How many of these teachers come to class? What happened? ; Some schools hire entrepreneurial tutors from the business circles of other schools. However, due to the lack of funds, organization and coordination, teaching assessment and external teaching experience, it is difficult to ensure the teaching effect systematically.
(D) Innovation and entrepreneurship education environment needs to be improved
Many policies and regulations on innovation and entrepreneurship education issued by local undergraduate schools and relevant departments are not specific and lack practical operation. At the same time, the implementation of some preferential measures often lags behind, which requires coordination and communication between universities and government departments for many times. Influenced by traditional ideas, many parents tend to find a stable job after graduation, and they don't have enough support and respect for college students' entrepreneurship. Some colleges and universities offer courses and create innovation and entrepreneurship bases only for a small part? Elite? Group, benefit little, most students are just spectators, lacking a strong educational atmosphere. School functional departments lack the concept of general education. Some think that innovation and entrepreneurship education belongs to the employment sector, some think it belongs to the academic sector, and some think it belongs to the education administrative department, which affects the in-depth and effective development of innovation and entrepreneurship education and students' entrepreneurial enthusiasm. Third, local universities to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education from a new perspective
According to the reality of running a local undergraduate college and the practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education, the author suggests? Regionalization+project+base? (3) Integrated construction to promote the effective development of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students. Regionalization is the soil for college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education, the basis for innovation and entrepreneurship education to show its regional value, vitality and sense of the times, and the embodiment of science and engineering universities serving the local economy. Project-based education is the main form of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. Taking project participation as the starting point, building team learning, teachers' and policy guarantee, and assessment and evaluation are the operation system construction of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. Baseization is the practice (experiment) base of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and it is also the training platform and achievement incubation platform of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
(a) Regionalization
From the perspective of regionalization, the innovation and entrepreneurship education of local undergraduate colleges should find the right starting point, take the initiative to attack and actively connect, reform the talent training mode through discipline setting, teaching practice base construction and order joint training, closely follow the training objectives, reform the teaching content, optimize the training scheme, improve the course teaching system and teaching practice, and integrate the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education into the whole process of education and teaching reform and talent training, so as to promote the transformation of teaching theory into practice and promote students' social adaptability and innovation ability. For example, Guangxi science and engineering colleges should closely combine Guangxi's economic and social development, and determine Guangxi's strategic development tasks according to the State Council's Opinions on Further Promoting Guangxi's Economic and Social Development, namely: building a regional modern business logistics base, an advanced manufacturing base, a characteristic agricultural base and an information exchange center; Create a new highland for international and regional economic cooperation; Cultivate the new growth pole of China coastal economic development; Build rich, civilized and harmonious minority areas, meet the needs of the development of large industries and strategic emerging industries in the whole region, integrate subject resources, and cultivate applied talents to meet the needs of social and economic development.
Colleges and universities should open their doors to run schools, actively promote the combination of schools and enterprises and Industry-University-Research, apply excellent scientific research teams, advanced instruments and equipment and practical scientific research projects of local enterprises to innovation and entrepreneurship education, take talent training reform projects such as excellent engineer training as a breakthrough, and constantly innovate the innovation and entrepreneurship education mode of colleges and universities by selecting and hiring tutors, optimizing courses and jointly tackling key problems, so as to cultivate innovative and high-quality applied talents while improving service to the local economy. Colleges and universities should send teachers of innovation and entrepreneurship education to local government departments and enterprises through on-the-job training, study and training, so that teachers can experience the practice of regional development and enterprise management and operation on the spot, thus cultivating excellent teachers of innovation and entrepreneurship education.
(2) Project-oriented
Project participatory innovation and entrepreneurship education is an attempt to integrate project teaching into innovation and entrepreneurship education. By integrating educational resources and taking project participation as the starting point, some scientific and technological projects and commercial projects are designed or selected. Students are allowed to participate in the research, management and operation of the project under the guidance of professional teachers. Through the combination of theory and practice, In high school? Cultivate students' innovative and entrepreneurial ideas and skills. The main contents include: building an organizational form based on team learning; Construct a security system including teachers, funds and policies; Construct a reasonable assessment and evaluation mechanism.
Organizational form of team learning mode: a certain number of students and teachers form a team to participate in the actual entrepreneurial project, with teachers as coaches and guidance and professional researchers as assistants to help students complete their learning tasks in team learning and project practice.
Implementation guarantee: teachers guarantee colleges and universities should further introduce outstanding talents, encourage teachers to strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship research, and actively introduce them? Double teacher? In order to ensure the effective operation of innovation and entrepreneurship education, teachers should strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial tutors, and improve the teaching quality of teachers by optimizing the team structure, upgrading the academic structure and enriching the sources and channels. Financial guarantee should be a funding system for entrepreneurship education that combines government-led and market-led. While subsidizing college students' innovation and entrepreneurship funds, the government actively advocates the society and enterprises to establish relevant innovation and entrepreneurship education funds and organizations to provide financial guarantee for the promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship education mode. Policy Guarantee The implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship education model needs strong policy guarantee. The government is the main body to master and control public resources, and government departments should accurately locate and utilize information advantages and administrative functions, and play its guiding role in promoting college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education.
Assessment: Project-participatory innovation and entrepreneurship education is assessed through the indicators of students' participation in the project, research value of the project, social influence of the project, and the ratio of students' entrepreneurship rate to employment rate.
(3) alkalization
College students' innovation and entrepreneurship base is an important practical platform for schools to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education and promote students' independent entrepreneurship. Colleges and universities should integrate resources inside and outside the school, give full play to the educational role of demonstration experimental teaching centers, open laboratories and key laboratories in colleges and universities, develop them into incubation bases for college students' entrepreneurial projects, incubate and cultivate entrepreneurial projects, and actively cultivate them into entrepreneurial subjects. Provide experimental sites and experimental instruments and equipment for students participating in the project free of charge; Provide technical, venue, policy, management and other support and business incubation services for students participating in the innovation and entrepreneurship education project plan. Through the mode of school-enterprise cooperation, we will build a platform for students' entrepreneurship, actively promote college students to carry out scientific research and entrepreneurship activities, truly realize the integration of Industry-University-Research, and build a platform for college students to participate in entrepreneurship drills. Actively explore the operation mechanism and effect evaluation of joint training of talents by scientific research institutions, enterprises and college students' entrepreneurial innovation bases. Conditional colleges and universities can set up college students' science parks to attract off-campus enterprises to settle in and guide students to join. At the same time, in the form of setting up work-study jobs, we can win each other and improve students' understanding of enterprise management and operation.
In addition, the innovation and entrepreneurship base should provide project guidance, entrepreneurship training, legal aid, industrial and commercial taxation, risk assessment, project financing, incubation support and other consulting and services for entrepreneurial student teams or individuals. Hire people with entrepreneurial practice experience inside and outside the school as entrepreneurial instructors to provide entrepreneurial guidance for college students. Establish a resource database of entrepreneurial projects, guide college students to combine their professional fields and interests, and transform college students' scientific and technological innovation projects and patents into entrepreneurial projects.