(1) The way of university: the purpose of university. The word "university" has two meanings in ancient times: one is the meaning of "learning"; The second is "adult learning" relative to primary schools. Ancient eight-year primary schools learned basic cultural knowledge and etiquette such as "sweeping to cope with advance and retreat, shooting books to be polite and happy"; At the age of fifteen, I went to college to study ethics, politics, philosophy and other knowledge, such as "being poor means being benevolent, cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world". So the latter meaning is actually similar to the former meaning, and it also means "erudition". The original meaning of "Tao" is Tao, and it is extended to law and reason. In China's ancient philosophy and politics, it also refers to the origin and individual of all things in the universe, a certain political viewpoint or ideology, etc. It has different meanings in different contexts.

(2) Ming Ming De: As a verb, the former "Ming" means to make it move, that is, "to make it clear", which means to carry forward and carry forward. The latter "Ming" is an adjective, and Mingde is also an aboveboard figure.

(3) Being close to the people: According to later generations, "pro" should be "new", that is, innovation, abandoning the old and seeking the new. Being close to the people means being new to the people, which makes people abandon the old and seek the new, and get rid of evil and do good.

(4) Zhi Zhi: Know the target.

(5) gain: gain.

(6) Manage your family well: manage your family well to make it harmonious, prosperous and prosperous.

(7) Self-cultivation: Self-cultivation.

(8) Know it: make yourself acquire knowledge.

(9) Wu Ge: Understand and study everything.

Shu Ren: It refers to ordinary people.

(1 1) One is: both. Ben: Not at all.

(12) End: Compared with Ben, it refers to branches and the ends of branches.

(13) thick people are thin: people who should pay attention are not. Thin is thick: pay attention to what you should not pay attention to.

(14) Nothing: Nothing. There is no such reason (thing, method, etc.). ).

translate

The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people innovate and reach the most perfect state. Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end. Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things. In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything. Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we manage the family and family well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented. If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. Regardless of priorities, it is impossible to put the cart before the horse, and I want to do a good job!

reading comprehension

What is shown here is the pursuit of the three cardinal guides and eight aims of Confucianism. The so-called "three cardinal" refers to the perfection of virtue, new talent and restraint. It is not only the program purport of "University", but also the goal of "teaching from the world" of Confucianism. The so-called "eight eyes" refers to discipline, knowledge, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. It is not only an introductory kung fu designed to realize the "three cardinal guides", but also a life learning ladder displayed by Confucianism. Looking at the Four Books and Five Classics, we find that all the theories of Confucianism actually develop along these three cardinal principles and eight orders. Therefore, mastering these three basic principles and eight orders is equivalent to mastering a key to open the door of Confucianism. Step by step along this learning ladder, you will walk into the room and feel the classic meaning of cowardice. As far as the ladder itself is concerned, it actually includes two aspects: "internal repair" and "external treatment": the first four levels of "discipline, knowledge, honesty and correctness" are "internal repair"; The last three principles of "managing the family, governing the country and calming the world" are "external governance". The middle part of "self-cultivation" is the hub connecting "annual cultivation" and "external treatment", which is connected with the previous "internal cultivation" project and is "independent"; It is related to the next item of "external governance", that is, "doing good to the world." For more than 2,000 years, generations of China intellectuals have laid their lives on this ladder. "If you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are up to it, you will help the world" ("Mencius"). Therefore, in essence, it is not only a series of timid learning steps, but also a life pursuit ladder with strong realistic color. It has cast the personality psychology of China intellectuals from generation to generation, and it still plays a subtle role in us. Whether you are conscious or unconscious, whether you are positive or negative, the concept of "integrity, dedication, honesty, integrity, harmony, governance and equality" always affects your thoughts or actions implicitly or obviously, so that you finally find that your life course is only carried out on the ladder of Confucian learning. In fact, as intellectuals in China, how many people are really wild crane hermits who made their debut in Buddhism? In the final analysis, there are still ten people and nine Confucianism, that's all.