The History and Present Situation of the Research on Surname System in Pre-Qin Period
Author: Zhang (History Department of South China Normal University)
Trends of China Historical Research, 200 1/03, pp. 2-7.
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In the research field of pre-Qin cultural history, the surname system should be a problem worth discussing.
For the topic, because the surname system is not a simple name system, it is related to
At that time, the political system, economic relations, family form, social psychology, customs and habits were quite special.
Signs are closely related to other aspects, and the evolution of surname system is also from one
The side reflects the change of social nature. It is of great significance to scientifically study the surname system in the pre-Qin period to find out the truth.
There are ten points to understand the pre-Qin literature and correctly study the history and culture of the pre-Qin era.
Significance.
China's research on surnames has a long history, which was important in the pre-Qin period.
Classics, such as The Book of Songs, Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and
Rites, etc. , contains a wealth of pre-Qin surname information, especially left.
Biography and Guoyu are precious materials for us to study surnames in pre-Qin period.
The system must be mastered.
As far as we know, the earliest records in China are from the Yellow Emperor to the Spring and Autumn Period.
The books on the names, lineages and surnames of emperors, governors and doctors were all written in battle.
The general arrangement feature of China's later Shiben is "surname comes first, word comes first."
The surname is the next "(Biography of Historical Records and High-impedance quoted by Sima Zhen from Shiben).
Taking children as surnames, the context is clear, which first reflects the difference between surnames and surnames in the pre-Qin era.
The characteristics of. According to the Records of Han Shu Literature and Art, there are fifteen articles in this book, but it's a pity that there are many.
It has been lost in the process of circulation, and only Qin Jia, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, can be seen today.
Mo, Lei Xueqi, etc. From the annotation of various classics and history, as well as the compilation of Yuanhe surnames.
, "Tongzhi Genealogy" and other surname books.
In the Qin Dynasty, there was a surname book called Blood Spectrum of Childe, which was said to be Xunzi.
The book is similar in nature to Shiben, but the reliability of the materials described in it.
However, it is far less than Shiben, and there are not many references in later generations.
Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty started from Buyi, and there were no celebrities on his ancestors.
There is something to boast about, so they don't pay attention to the genealogy of surnames, and the western Han government has been playing.
Attacking the mighty family, so there was basically no research on the surname system in this period.
. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, there began to be research on the surname system, which was ban Gu's.
The name of Bai Hutong is "Why do people have surnames?" "People have a surname.
What? "and answered the origin and function of surnames.
. The surnames in Wang Fu's A Thousand Commandments also record the origin of a large number of surnames.
Ying Shao's article "Customary Common Surnames" clearly expounded the origin of surnames for the first time.
The classification of lines provides an effective method for the study of surnames in later generations. In addition,
Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Wang Chong's Lun Heng, and Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan are the three rites.
Their comments also include their views on the surname system in the pre-Qin period.
For more than 700 years from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the family valve
With the increasing prosperity of the reading system, many surname books have been compiled in various dynasties and generations.
Famous ones are the Book of Surnames by Gaby in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Hundred Classics by Wang Sengru in the Southern Dynasties.
He Chengtian's Surname Garden in the Northern Dynasties, etc. But most of these books are genealogical, because
There is little research on the surname system, and because Turkish landlords compete to flaunt their aristocratic origins.
, often faking their ancestors, so the credibility of these surname books is also.
Relatively low. At that time, Du Yu of the Western Jin Dynasty made a great contribution to the study of surname system.
In his Biography of the Spring and Autumn Annals, he learned the surnames of many countries and nationalities.
After investigating surnames, I put forward my own views on "giving surnames". stop
After the explanation of Confucius' evidence in Tang Dynasty, pre-annotation became the only way for future generations to study surnames.
Materials used. Yuanhe Family compiled by Taichang doctor Lin Bao during Yuanhe period in Tang Xianzong.
Compilation also has a wealth of previous generation documents, so it is mostly narrated by later generations.
The Song Dynasty was the peak of the research on the surname system in China feudal society, and Zheng Qiao was in the middle of it.
Tongzhi Genealogy summarizes many characteristics of surname system in pre-Qin period.
The origin of surnames, the application rules of surnames and the unity of surnames are all involved.
It has always been cited by scholars, but it is too much to divide the Derbyshev method into 32 categories.
Trivial, and there are many overlapping parts between various types. Others such as Wang Yinglin.
The surname is urgent, Deng's Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames, and others.
The articles about surnames in Dong Lai Bo Yi have great influence on later generations, such as Robbie and Luo Ping.
The road history written by father and son also records the surnames of ancient emperors.
The study of surnames in Yuan and Ming Dynasties was not prosperous, only Wang Qi wrote in his book Surnames
"Continued Genealogy" divides the way of virtue into 36 categories, which is superior to that of Zheng.
Twenty-two types of firewood are more complicated, and there are many critics in later generations.
Textual research flourished in Qing dynasty, and scholars in Ganjia studied Confucian classics and history at the same time.
I have also done some work on the generation of surnames, such as Gu, Qian Daxin, Zhao Yi and others.
In his reading notes, there are explanations for the surname problem in the pre-Qin period, especially Gu Yan.
Wu's "Ri" has a great influence on the number of ancient surnames in pre-Qin period, the time of merging surnames and the attribution of surnames.
Issues such as national surname and surname book are all involved, which are included in his anthology "Original surname".
It is basically a summary of the above problems. Gu's Table of Events in the Spring and Autumn Period in Qing Dynasty
There are special columns in Chunqiu and a list of country names and surnames in Chunqiu.
Table ",made a systematic arrangement of surnames of countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was well arranged and tested.
The textual research of Zhengdian provides great convenience for future generations to study surnames in pre-Qin period. Among them
There are some shortcomings, which are also the Table of Events in the Spring and Autumn Period written by Pan Chen, a contemporary scholar in Taiwan Province Province.
Appellations and surnames of various countries and their different forms (collected by Institute of History and Linguistics, Academia Sinica)
The 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th editions of the magazine) and "Writing Different Continuations" are based on the calendar of Academia Sinica.
Journal of the Institute of History and Language (30th, 3rd1,32nd, 33rd editions). In addition,
The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, which was officially compiled in Qing Dynasty, also listed clan codes and clans.
The entries in Bokao study surnames before Qing Dynasty in the form of comprehensive investigation.
To sum it up.
For more than two thousand years from the Warring States to the Qing Dynasty, scholars practiced the surname system in the pre-Qin period.
There are many studies on the degree of effort, and there are many books, but their research
However, influenced by the way of thinking, theoretical level and research methods at that time, the results were limited.
The ancient people's research on the pre-Qin surname system mostly stayed on historical materials.
Textual research on the origin and description of surname characteristics, but few can be observed.
To make a reasonable explanation for the phenomenon of surnames, even if it is occasionally talked about, it is rambling.
Paws and fragments are fragmented and unsystematic. Moreover, due to the limitations of surnames.
Future generations can only describe what the predecessors said, but can't go further than the predecessors.
Discussion, which made the study of surnames in feudal times always in a state of stagnation.
State.
After entering modern times, with the spread of foreign theories of sociology and cultural anthropology
There is also a new atmosphere in the research field of surname system. Scholars often borrow
Help the new theory, and inspect the ancient surname system from the sociological point of view. light
Liu and Zhang all used western sociological theories to explain China.
The origin of China's ancient surnames was put forward by scholar Yuan in 1930s according to Japanese Tianqi.
China's ancient surname system compiled by Renyi's masterpiece "A Study of King Road and the World"
Research (Commercial Press 1936 edition) is read from the perspective of sociology.
The author shows the origin and development of ancient surnames, and Yuan thinks surnames are blood clan.
Or the name of a regional group, the surname is the heritage of matriarchal clan system, and the surname is the property of society.
Things, and develop with the development of society. But at this stage, scholars' research
There are also shortcomings, that is, western sociological theories are often cited more than Chinese surname system.
The history of their own development has not been paid enough attention, so their conclusions are often superficial.
Empty or far-fetched, especially in explaining the origin of ancient surnames with totem theory.
On the topic. Zhong's Research on China Ancient Clan Society (Oriental Magazine
"1934 Volume 3 1No. 1), A Map of Ancient China Society by Huang Wenshan.
My Opinion on Teng Culture (New Social Science Quarterly 1934 1)
Period), Dong Jiazun's "Ancient Surname and Zodiac as Totem Test" ("Social Science"
1946, Volume 3,No. 1 issue) and Li Xuanbo's New Research on Ancient China Society (open
Books such as Ming Bookstore (1949 edition) tried to explain China's ancient surnames with totem theory.
The content of the source. The above scholars have found their pairing in totems for many ancient surnames.
For example, Ji's totem is crocodile, Peng's totem is drum and Yao's totem.
For peaches and the like, this is a hypothetical theory with no factual basis.
During this period, the study of ancient philology was in the ascendant, and many scholars devoted themselves to it.
In order to explore the information of China's ancient surnames from the perspective of ancient philology, Wuqi appeared in 1930s.
The two books that often study the surname of bronze inscriptions are Genealogy of Bronze inscriptions and Genealogy of Bronze inscriptions.
"(Commercial Press, 1936 edition), Mr. Luo was published in the early 1940s.
The article "Looking at Female Surnames from Three Generations of Literature" was published in Yi magazine.
The study of ancient surnames by literature should be based on the research method of surnames.
Great progress.
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, all walks of life flourished, but the pace of research on surname system in pre-Qin period was different.
It slowed down. The only articles devoted to surnames in this period are Ding Shan's Surnames and Surnames.
("New" 195 16), and only in Luochangpei.
Language and Culture (Peking University Publishing House, version 1950), in Dingshan.
Textual research on ancient religions and myths in China (Shanghai Longmen Joint Publishing Company 196 1 Edition), Xu.
On Clan Organization in Yin Society (Chengdu Business Daily)
Supplement 195 1 year 1.7), On Yao Shunyu's abdication and private ownership of paternal family.
Occurrence and development (Journal of Sichuan University,No. 1958,No. 1), Sun Zuoyun.
The Book of Songs and Social Studies in the Zhou Dynasty (Zhonghua Book Company, April 1966, 1 Edition),
Yang Kuan's New Exploration of Ancient History (Zhonghua Book Company, 1965, August 1 edition) is waiting to be written.
Found something related to the former Qin Wa system. Meanwhile, Yang
However, Mr. Wang showed great interest in the study of surname system in pre-Qin period.
Series of Articles: Analysis of the Ancient Meaning of Surnames (Research on Historical Language of Academia Sinica)
Interpretation of the 23rd Edition of Jikan, 195 1 year) and Zuo Zhuan's "Taking life as the surname"
Analysis of the Story of "Death is not scary" (Journal of Academia Sinica, Series 1,
1954), Discussion on Surname Theory in Pre-Qin Dynasty (Journal of Academia Sinica
The 26th issue of Institute of History and Language (1955) and the system of joint surnames.
Research "("Institute of History and Language, Academia Sinica "28,
1957 car), which was selected as a special topic in the surname system to study and put forward.
Insight. In the article "Evidence Analysis", Mr. Yang thinks that "surname" in pre-Qin literature
This word doesn't have the meaning of "surname" as we say today. It has three meanings.
A finger or an heir; The second refers to the family or clan; The third refers to the people or people. Based on pair
Based on the above understanding of the ancient meaning of surname, Mr. Yang later wrote two articles about "giving surname"
This chapter puts forward that the system of giving surnames in pre-Qin period should refer to giving people and dividing people.
Man or man, and the so-called "digging and ordering" in the pre-Qin period belong to the three main points of the feudal system.
Element, that is, the system of dividing the people and building the country. Although some of Mr. Yang's conclusions are valuable
It is debatable, but his research method is quite desirable.
The dreary situation of the research on Chinese mainland's surname system finally appeared in the late 1970s.
Be broken. 1979 Cao Tao published The Evolution of China's Surname (Jiangxi Division
Journal of China Academy of Sciences (No.1979,No. 1) is the first article published in this issue.
This paper discusses the whole process of the development and evolution of the surname system in China from a macro perspective.
. Since then, Ma Yong's "The Evolution of Surname System in China" ("China Cultural Studies Series")
The second series, published by Fudan University Press, 1983 edition) and Luo Guanghua's "Pre-Qin"
A Preliminary Study on Surname System (China Ancient History Series), Zhonghua Book Company, 1985.
) After the research on surname system was restarted, it helped researchers to clear their minds.
Function. Especially Mr. Ma Yong's articles, developed China's own surname system.
This paper systematically expounds the history, the origin of surname, the relationship between totem and surname,
He put forward incisive opinions on the way of living surnames, the confluence of surnames and the compound surnames.
It is an excellent work with great reference value.
In addition to general research, special research has also developed. Accompanied by "Chu Wen"
With the upsurge of "Hua" research, the problem of Zhu Rong's eight surnames has begun to attract scholars' attention.
1980, Mr. Li Xueqin published a book entitled "Talking about the Eight Surnames of Zhu Rong" ("
Jianghan Forum (No.2, 1980), ancient writing, handed down literature.
Materials to prove the legend of Zhu Rong's eight surnames and the credibility of their migration.
The reproduction situation was also discussed. The following year, Mr. Tang Jiahong also published Interpretation of Zhu Rong.
Eight surnames (Jianghan Forum, No.3, 198 1), on some issues.
Discuss with Mr. Li. Since then, He Yiqi's "On Zhu Rong and His Last Eight"
Surname "(Jianghan Forum No.4, 1994), Xu Zhu Rong VIII.
Historical and Geographical Analysis of Zhiyuan and Cao Family (Journal of Hubei University 1996)
No.2, 2000) and On the Evolution and Distribution of the Family of Ji and Peng (Jianghan
Archaeology (No.2, 1996) is all about the trace and survival of the Zhu Rong family.
Did a test. Chu surname is also a hot spot in the study of Chu culture. Zhang,
Comrade Zhang in the 6th issue of Distinguishing Surnames and Jianghan Forum, 1983)
There is an article that Mi is the surname, and Mi refers to its family: Yi is the surname.
It is easy to express one's position, and it is often called "bear" and "bear" in the literature.
The word "Yi" is a pseudo-word. It is recognized that Chu should have two surnames.
One is Mi, and the other is Xiong. It is a mistake for Shiben and later generations to say that Chu "takes the bear as his surname".
The concept that a family has only one surname was solved by the Song Dynasty ("There are two versions of the Chu family", "
Jianghan Forum (1983, 1). Mr. Ge Zhiyi still insists on being a teacher.
Bear is considered as a surname, and it is verified that the bear originated from Chu people.
Bear totem worship (the relationship between totem belief and Xiong family in pre-Qin period),
Social science front 1995 No.6).
In addition to the study of Chu surnames, the research on surnames of Qi State and Zhongshan State was also carried out.
There are also two articles in this paper, namely "The Evolution of Qi Chen Gongziwan Family Surname" by Han Yude.
Textual research (Journal of Henan University, No.4, 1990) and Zhang Gang, Xie Zhicheng
A probe into the surname of Xianyu Zhongshan (Hebei Academic Journal, 198 1).
"Giving surname" is also a problem that scholars discuss more. 1988 Mr. Xin Li
Put forward a new viewpoint that Zuo Zhuan was hidden for eight years, so-called "born because of it"
Giving a surname is "giving a surname by marriage", that is, in the case of unmarried surnames, in order to
Ensure the racial reproduction of the transferee and give it a clan with different surnames ("Zhou Dynasty")
Give the surname "system", wenbo 1988 No.5). And Zhang thinks this is right.
The research on giving surname in pre-Qin period should be divided into two stages. One is the clan era.
The second is the "given surname" in the Zhou Dynasty and the "given surname" in the clan era.
In essence, tribal leaders named new clans after clans; "Fate" in Zhou Dynasty
"Giving surname" is the reason why Zhou Wang's family was given nobility, that is, because of his original blood relationship.
Attribution and Giving Surnames (Analysis of Giving Surnames in Pre-Qin Period), Journal of Northeast Normal University.
"1999 No.4). Mr. Ge Zhiyi evaded the question of what his surname was.
As far as the origin of the custom of giving surnames is concerned, he thinks that the pre-Qin period was closed to civil engineering.
In the process of the country, when people lived in different places in the clan era, the system of giving surnames by surnames was established.
The change of the habit of establishing surnames (textual research on the system of giving surnames in pre-Qin dynasty) "society"
The scientific front 1992 No.3).
"Taking the word father as the surname" and "taking the word father as the surname" are two great traditions in the pre-Qin period.
Many scholars point out that they are different from the common fathers in ethnology.
The naming system of child links is similar, but no one has ever studied them together.
Mr. Li Hengmei noticed this problem and made an investigation from the perspective of marriage evolution.
The similarities and differences and internal relations between these two models reveal their essence. Mr. Li admitted
Therefore, "Sun takes the word Wang Fu as his surname" is the Zhao Mu system implemented in the early days of patriarchal society.
The reflection of the surname system shows that "the son takes the father's word as his surname" is a firm establishment of patriarchy.
Later, the blood relationship between father and son became the expression of social relations above all else ("
Dongyue Tribune, No.6, 1992).
In the pre-Qin literature, it is very common for some nobles to call themselves "Gongmou" or "a grandson".
Mr Fang discussed this point in two articles. He was in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
The descendants of the monarch of that era called "Gongmou" "theoretical discussion" (the first article in the mainland magazine)
The article "Volume 83, Volume 5" holds that Sun Zi, a gentleman in the Zhou Dynasty, was known for his name, character and line number.
Taking the word "Gong" as the name, later generations took Gong Peizi and Gong Peixing as surnames.
, called "Gongmou" surname, for example, there are Gongmeng, Gongnan and Gongnan in Zuo Zhuan.
Uncle, wait. In On Lu, Zhou and Zang Sun in the Spring and Autumn Period
The Significance of Surname and "Sun" in Chunqiu
Volume 75 Volume 6 believes that the word "sun" of some nobles in the Spring and Autumn Period is
It is said that the word "Sun" refers to the descendants of ancient monarchs, and "A Sun" belongs to this clan.
Zi's real name is that later scholars take "a grandson" as their surname, which is incorrect.
Regarding the relationship between surnames and patriarchal clan system, Li Xiangping believes that surnames actually
It is the embodiment of the patriarchal clan relationship between big and small clans in the patriarchal clan system, and a representative begins.
Zu's surname also represents the head of a clan or family: the surname is Shi.
Belong to a branch, which means a small clan or common people separated from a clan or family.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when the patriarchal clan system was cornered, the old surname system also went.
In the end (surname system in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Journal of Guangxi Normal University)
"1984 No.3).
Regarding the unification of surnames, Mr. Yan Xiaojun noticed that in the Spring and Autumn Period, "the ceremony collapsed and the music was bad."
After the situation of "mixed happiness and sorrow" appeared, people surnamed Zhou helped each other and protected each other.
The concept of support is not strong, and the taboo of not marrying the same surname has also been broken.
From unmarried namesake to unmarried namesake. Originally only belonged to the aristocratic class.
At this time, due to the continuous reproduction and expansion of the clan, it has become something that all classes can use.
Use a name. The new surname system has appeared in the Warring States period, to
It was widely practiced after Qin and Han Dynasties (on the unification of surnames, seeking roots 1998)
The third issue).
The difference between men and women is an important aspect of the surname system in Zhou Dynasty. Zhang was written in Zhou Dynasty.
Female surname system "(Historical Records 1999 No.2) and" Zhou Men "
The two articles of Son's Surname System (Journal of South China Normal University, No.2, 2000) are correct.
This paper studies the application law of different surnames of men and women in Zhou Dynasty.
During this period, the pre-Qin surname system was studied from the aspects of archaeology and ancient philology.
There are also some papers. 1982, Wang Yucheng published "Inquiring about women's names from two-week inscriptions".
According to the laws of the country "(Jianghan Forum 1982No. 1), pointing out the bronze inscription
When a woman is addressed in her husband's country, she is often addressed by her country of birth, while when her country of birth is a married woman.
When a container or a woman calls herself, she usually calls her husband's country name. 1983 Mr. Zhu
Table "Shang and Zhou Jinwen compound surname" (Nankai Journal 1983
No.3), on the meaning of compound surname in Shang and Zhou inscriptions and the meaning of compound surname.
The law of compound and its social roots are studied, and from compound
Some inscriptions are interpreted from the perspective of surnames. In May of the same year, Mr. Zhang Yachu spent two weeks.
The common word "a student" in bronze inscriptions gives a reasonable explanation. Point out "a student"
It is the nephew of a certain family, and "A" is the surname of the nephew's uncle's family (as seen in the inscription of two weeks)
Physical examination archaeological relics No.5 1983). 1987 Mr. Li Xueqin
Archaeological Discovery and Ancient Surname System (Archaeology 1987 No.3)
According to the documents and archaeological discoveries in recent years, this paper probes into several aspects of surname system.
Discussed a difficult problem. In addition, there are some studies with ethnological materials.
The article about the surname system is He's The Origin of Totem Names and Surnames.
"(Ethnic Studies 1990 No.5) and Xiao Yu's" Sub-surname Phenomenon "
A comparative study of culture (Guizhou Ethnic Studies No.2, 1994). Some people talk about people.
Some famous papers or monographs also involve the surname system in the pre-Qin period, including Zhou.
On Guo Rong's fame (Wen ShizheNo. 1985,No. 1), by Sheng Dongling.
"Names in the Western Zhou Dynasty inscriptions and their dating significance" (literary history)
Series 17, Zhonghua Book Company 1983), Wu Zhenfeng's Collection of Jinwen Place Names (
Zhonghua Book Company 1987 February 1 Edition), the name and social life of Jin Liangnian.
(Taiwan Province Jinwen Publishing House, 1990 edition, 1 edition), Li Xueqin's Names of Pre-Qin Dynasty.
Several issues (Historical Research 199 1, No.5), edited by Zhang.
Names of China (China Social Sciences Press, August 1992, 1 edition).
And Nari Biligo's On Names (Social Science Literature Publishing House 1997 12
June 1 edition), etc.
During this period, there was also special information about surnames in a pre-Qin literature.
Research article, Yu Zhanghua's Historical Records and Ancient Surnames (Humanities
Magazine 199 1No. 1No.) About the pre-Qin recorded in Historical Records
And the surname information in Qin and Han dynasties. Yan Jun's
The exploration of surnames in Zuo Zhuan (Zhejiang Academic Journal 1994 No.4).
Then the surname materials contained in Zuo Zhuan are comprehensively sorted out and summarized.
The difference between surnames and surnames, the origin of surnames and surnames, the number of ancient surnames and surnames in pre-Qin period,
The age of the confluence of the two rivers was explored.
Research on Yan Xia's Early Surname System in China (Tianjin Ancient Books Publishing House)
She 1 August 9961Edition) is the only book about the pre-Qin period in recent years.
As a monograph on the surname system, this book is more about analyzing surnames and surnames by using ancient philology materials.
The original meaning and origin, the legend of the surname of the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor and the surname of Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
The evolution of the system is discussed and some reasonable explanations are put forward, but it also
There are some shortcomings, that is, the focus of China's early surname system-the Zhou Dynasty.
The research on surname system is not strong enough.
It is worth mentioning that he took the lead in breaking the surname system in the pre-Qin period in the late 1970s.
Mr. Cao Tao, who was in a silent state, wrote again after nearly 20 years.
This paper criticizes the blind spots and misunderstandings in the research of surname system: First, it points out that
Some researchers have no belief history, unearthed cultural relics or
Other materials in ancient Chinese characters and dialects can be relied on, but they rely on distance history.
For one or two thousand years, most of them came from some ancient people in the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The fabricated works are very exemplary; Secondly, it is pointed out that the research purpose of some researchers is not clear.
The ancients confused studying surnames with finding a glorious and decent ancestor for surnames.
A talk (Blind spots and misunderstandings in the study of China's surname), Jiangxi Institute of Education
Log 1996 1).
Summarizing the research situation of modern scholars, we think that the research of scholars
Its achievements can be summarized as follows: first, it basically reveals the pre-Qin period.
The main characteristics of surname system; Secondly, it basically defines the surname system and family in the pre-Qin period.
The relationship between national form and social evolution; Third, put forward some specific surnames.
A reasonable explanation; Fourth, research with new materials and research methods
The breakthrough point is more detailed and the research scope is expanded.
There are also some problems and shortcomings in the research. Such as Shu Ren and its order.
The upper family name system was seldom taken seriously, which affected the whole family name system in the pre-Qin period.
Investigation. Of course, this is due to the lack of information, but it is more confined to the ancients.
Cheng said that he simply thought there was no surname, so he added the surname of his class.
Give up. In fact, if we can dig into historical materials in detail, the breakthrough in this respect should be
There will be some. The distribution of research power is also unbalanced, surname
As an important part of family form, it is closely related to patriarchal clan system.
However, at present, only one article by Li Xiangping studies surnames from the perspective of patriarchy.
Similarly, the unification of surnames is the biggest change in the surname system in the Warring States period and the pre-Qin period.
At present, there is only one article by Yan Xiaojun on the specific analysis of the unity of surnames.
The research is far from enough, but the personnel are relatively concentrated on some topics.
In addition, from the perspective of research methods, ethnology and archaeology research methods can make
We have a more detailed understanding of the real life of the ancients. In this regard, some scholars have
A useful attempt has been made, but it needs further development.