Xiuwen county Special Education School: Chen Xiu Abstract: It is of great significance to cultivate the autonomous learning ability and habits of mentally retarded children. Therefore, it especially needs teachers to give students enough time to teach every knowledge or skill in the teaching process, and it must be taught until the students fully master it. Let students improve their autonomous learning ability in Chinese learning practice, form good study habits and benefit for life. Keywords: students with mental retardation learn independently "Chinese Curriculum Standard" emphasizes that "students are the masters of Chinese learning, and Chinese teaching should stimulate students' interest in learning, pay attention to cultivating students' awareness and habits of autonomous learning, create a good autonomous learning environment for students, respect students' individual differences and encourage students to choose their own learning methods". So should special education. For a long time, in the teaching of special education in China, students with mental retardation have been defined as the weak, and the cultivation of their autonomous learning ability has always been a weak link. In order to improve the comprehensive quality of students with mental retardation, cultivate students' autonomous learning ability, and make students become real learning masters, teachers must fully respect students' personalities and wishes, give students free choice space, and let students with mental retardation really move in class. As we all know, if children with mental retardation have certain autonomous learning ability, they are no longer passive learning machines, but learning masters who can actively explore knowledge with scientific methods, dare to question and ask questions, and their personalities are fully developed. Therefore, for our special education teachers, it is particularly important to cultivate the ability of independent learning of mentally retarded children. In teaching, how to guide children with mental retardation to learn independently and cultivate their autonomous learning ability? 1. Stimulate interest and cultivate the awareness of autonomous learning. The role of interest in students' learning has been discussed by educators and psychologists all over the world. Confucius, an educator in China, pointed out: "The knower is not as good as the knower, and the knower is not as good as the knower." Piaget, a modern cognitive psychologist, also believes that all effective activities must be based on certain interests. Therefore, in Chinese classroom teaching for mentally retarded children, if children are interested in what you teach, they will get twice the result with half the effort. First of all, teachers should use the learning content of Chinese class to stimulate students' interest in learning. For example, when we teach pinyin to mentally retarded children in the lower grades, we can consolidate it at the beginning of each class. At this time, we let the children touch their favorite letters by touching and pointing on the Chinese Pinyin teaching instrument, and then read along. You can also let children who are good at reading be small teachers and teach them to read the letters they read best. In this way, it not only fully affirmed the students' master position in learning, but also quietly formed a competitive learning consciousness in children's minds, aroused children's interest in learning, and paved the way for cultivating children's independent learning. Secondly, use games to stimulate the interest of mentally retarded children. Students are the main body of all teaching activities. If you want to have a good class, you must stimulate their interest in learning in class, create a good environment for their autonomous learning, and let them study happily and carefree in class. In special schools, especially in the lower grades with mental retardation, students are young, prone to fatigue and inattention in class, and the phenomenon of "distraction" sometimes occurs. In the teaching process, only by attracting students' attention and stimulating their interest in learning can we ensure a strong thirst for knowledge. "Games are children's nature", and children with mental retardation are no exception. When children with mental retardation play games, they can make up for the lack of attention through the coordination of hands, eyes and limbs in a happy and harmonious atmosphere, thus improving their memory and promoting their brain development. I once saw a teacher say "sing", asking students to sing a song for everyone on the podium first, and then leading the students to sing together. Singing happily makes students realize that singing requires their own mouths, so it is easy to remember "beside words". Interesting games make mentally retarded children feel high, and the learning effect is the best under the control of positive emotions. We can design many such games. For example, in teaching, do finger exercises and perform "healthy songs", so that mentally retarded children can accompany their favorite game activities in intense study and form psychological relaxation. This kind of psychological relaxation just makes up for the psychological defect that their brain nerve activities are easily suppressed or even disappeared in tense situations, so that their nerves and associations are updated and their learning is in a positive state. If children with mental retardation are given hands-on operation and strong stimulation many times in a class, their cerebral cortex will be constantly excited. This kind of pleasant classroom teaching is conducive to improving the autonomous learning ability of mentally retarded children. Finally, timely evaluation can successfully stimulate the learning interest of children with mental retardation. In classroom teaching, with the advancement of teaching process, teachers should constantly create opportunities for students to succeed, even students with severe mental retardation are no exception, and give them opportunities to express themselves decently, realize their self-worth, and enhance their self-confidence and pride. Wang Tiecheng is a special actor in Zhou Enlai. He has a mentally retarded son, Wang Weiping. Over the years, Wang Tiecheng has allowed his son to grow up in a wide world and develop his personality, hobbies and interests in a pleasant atmosphere. My son likes playing gongs and Peking Opera, and even has a talent for acting. Wang Tiecheng tried his best to provide opportunities for his son. Although he is stupid, he can beat gongs and drums as soon as he listens, and he is very serious in filming rehearsal. From this case, we can see that as long as we observe and cultivate with our heart, every mentally retarded child has something worthy of our appreciation. Therefore, for students' performance in learning, teachers should try their best to "praise more and criticize less", tap all the shining things in them, and make them "willing to learn and willing to learn" in class. 2. Teaching methods to cultivate autonomous learning ability. It is not enough for children with mental retardation to learn Chinese. If there is no autonomous learning method and ability, the interest in autonomous learning will weaken over time. Therefore, Chinese teaching must enable students to master the methods of autonomous learning in time and improve their autonomous learning ability. First of all, when setting goals, we must consider the individual differences of students with mental retardation, determine teaching goals according to their learning ability, provide students with multi-angle target space, and provide a strong guarantee for their independent learning. In fact, if every mentally retarded child's potential can be developed, then they all have the ability to learn, which is what we should know as teachers in special education schools. For example, when teachers in our school make individual teaching plans for students every year, they are all based on the actual situation of students, in conjunction with parents and schools. At the same time, we also adjust the teaching progress and change the teaching methods at any time according to the students' learning level, so that students can gain new gains in each class. In order to improve their interest in mastering knowledge and stimulate their potential for autonomous learning. Secondly, we should guide students to master good reading methods. In the Chinese textbooks of mentally retarded schools, the texts are basically catchy nursery rhymes and some short articles. Reading comprehension is simple for ordinary students, but difficult for students with mental retardation. So we should guide students to master reading methods. When we let students learn the text, we can ask them to circle the words they don't know with pens and use "?" Use "!" To express what you don't understand. It is very important to express your favorite place and express this place with curves. Students understand the method of reading with symbols, which can become their own independent reading method after long-term use and improve the efficiency of learning. Finally, let students participate in classroom management and improve their self-control ability in the learning process. Some people think that in the teaching process, classroom management is the teacher's business, and students just need to do what the teacher asks. In fact, if students are given the right to manage and coordinate class problems, they will realize that they are the masters of learning, and they will always be strict with themselves and remind their peers. In learning, you will control some of your bad habits and improve your learning efficiency. In our class, there is a student who loves hygiene very much. When he sees other children littering, he will stop it at once. We decided to make him a labor committee member. Because of him, many children in the class have developed the good habit of throwing garbage into the trash can. There is another student whose desks and chairs are very neat, so we let him supervise other children to put the desks and chairs well every day, and he can also complete the task well. 3. Giving students enough time to cultivate the habit of autonomous learning is the tendency of personality consciousness in personality psychology. Ushinski, a Russian educator, said: "Good habits are the growing capital that one keeps in the nervous system, and one will benefit from them all his life." The habit of autonomous learning is a good habit, which is of great significance to children with mental retardation. Therefore, it especially needs teachers to give students enough time in the teaching process, so that every knowledge or skill we teach must be taught until the students fully master it. Let students improve their autonomous learning ability in Chinese learning practice, form good study habits and benefit for life. In a word, it is very important to cultivate the autonomous learning ability of mentally retarded children. As teachers, we are duty-bound. References:

1. New Curriculum Teaching Method, edited by Zhang and Zhou, China Light Industry Press, 2004. 2. What does the teacher's teaching depend on? Zhou Xiaoshan, editor-in-chief, Peking University Publishing House, 2002. 3. Research on Education of Mentally Retarded Children, edited by Chen Yunying, Huaxia Publishing House, 1999. 4. Yin Chunming edited Psychology of Mentally Retarded Children.