(1) Solve the problem
② Classics and Life
(3) the classics will last forever.
Introduction to the book "University":
The book University from The Book of Rites is not a book at all, but two articles in The Book of Rites, just like The Doctrine of the Mean. The doctrine of the mean is article 31, and the university is article 42.
? University is what Ceng Zi wrote in his book: In the Interpretation of University, Ceng Zi said: "In the past, Confucius took Yao and Shun's Taoist disciples as his successors. Because it is easy to forget, it is written in books, which makes people learn and practice, and (shēn) prepare for college. "
(BC 10-BC 12-435 BC) Shen and Lu Nan have no city people. At the age of sixteen, he worshipped Confucius as a teacher, studied hard and got a biography of Confucius. Actively practice and carry forward Confucianism with benevolence and filial piety as the core throughout his life and spread Confucianism. He practiced the self-cultivation thought of being cautious and independent, and followed the law of filial piety based on filial piety, which can be a model for later generations of practitioners. He participated in the compilation of The Analects of Confucius, The University and The Book of Filial Piety, and was regarded as a "saint" by later generations. He is one of the four matches worth enjoying in Confucius Temple.
? Ceng Zi is an authentic descendant of orthodoxy. He passed on the thoughts and knowledge taught by Confucius to his disciples, and compiled Confucius' words and deeds into The Analects of Confucius, which inherited Confucius' Tao and inspired Mencius. Ceng Zi occupies an important position in the development history of Confucianism and even in the cultural history of China. In the thirty-second year of mourning (435 BC), he died at the age of 70.
The reason why "the way of university" is not obvious for thousands of years stems from Mencius in the Warring States period, when various miscellaneous theories appeared one after another. The monarchs of various vassal States attach importance to quick success and instant benefit, and do not pay attention to morality and perfection. As a result, the central principle of Confucianism was gradually buried, and the teaching of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and music was mostly empty, which can be said to be the time when etiquette collapsed and music was bad. Thus, under the situation of a hundred schools of thought contending, the essence of Confucianism was disrupted and disordered. Coupled with the Qin fire, many classics were burned, which can be described as icing on the cake. On the other hand, from Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties, Taoism and Buddhism flourished because of the belief in kings. For various reasons and circumstances, the article "University" is naturally ignored.
From the Song Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, scholars attached great importance to Confucianism, especially brothers Cheng Hao (1032~ 1085) and Cheng Yi (1033 ~107) in the Northern Song Dynasty, who strongly advocated the university, the doctrine of the mean and the doctrine of the mean. Since then, the articles on "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" have been gradually re-valued by post-Confucianism.
? Subsequently, Zhu (born in the Southern Song Dynasty, 1 130~ 1200), who was revered by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, devoted his life to the compilation and annotation of the four books, especially for universities. It was not until Xi Chun XVI of Song Xiaozong that he roughly sorted out The University and The Doctrine of the Mean. He wrote Prefaces to University Chapters in February and March.
? Zhu's revised edition: The University Question, since Zhu included it in the four books in the Southern Song Dynasty, the purpose of the ancient sage's "University Question" to spread the Bible is only to return to earth. In ancient times, there was a couplet saying, "The way of a university is a golden mirror for a thousand years;" The golden mean is the most reasonable. "
? "University" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" are not just teachings taught by saints, but their main ideas are nothing more than Mingde and Ming Dow. The university stresses virtue, the doctrine of the mean stresses Ming Dow, and studies both inside and outside. Virtue is extremely high, and Tao is extremely sincere. The use of virtue is seen from the outside, and the body of Tao exists in it. Therefore, when teaching in a university, the doctrine of the mean is upright and clear, but the integrity of the university stops at goodness, that is, the sincerity of the doctrine of the mean. The doctrine of the mean is filial piety, loyalty, forgiveness, three virtues and nine classics, that is, college relatives, newcomers, respect for things, and understanding. Therefore, reading "University" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" is essential. Ceng Zi described the university and the purpose of Mingde Yu in detail. This is a clear way of benevolent governance, but it is not perfect to the extreme. Therefore, Zi Zisi made up for this. The golden mean destiny refers to nature, and frankness refers to Tao. Huawei is fundamental, harmonious, self-sincere, self-evident and sincere, as sincere as a god. They all developed the truth of sexual Tao. Self-cultivation. The best way of university is here, which shows that the two books teach each other, that is, the whole of Confucianism.
? The doctrine of the mean, use it, use it, use it, so keep it in the middle and not deviate from the Tao. In the process of Yao Shun's permission, universities try their best to do their best, which is righteous. Therefore, to use a China word, it is the purpose of spreading Confucian holy salary. The holy gate said, first of all, Yao Dian allowed to hold the title. Shun, on the other hand, is worried about people's heart, and the heart of Tao is tiny, but only three words, the key to inference, its meaning has been prepared, and its text is simple. To the Tang-Wu revolution, there is still shame, and it is especially cautious to stand on your own feet. Therefore, the book swears and is deeply vigilant. I am afraid that people's desire is enough to overcome morality and things are enough to cut life. Perfunctory, written as a fatwa. Duke Zhou inherited the will of the three kings, which is the purpose of the unity of politics and religion. The description of ceremonies and music and the interpretation of their words are the most detailed. However, if there is a division, the righteous will not catch the people, and those who hold books will rule the world. For example, "Li Guan Yueguan" wishes the Stuart family to be proficient in the way of heaven and man and to observe the learning of life. His fatwas were written in words and sent to princes so that people could learn from each other. The purpose of Taoism is to promote the Rites of Zhou. Come down to Confucius, learn more about it and give it to his disciples, and the book of rites will be completed. Therefore, the doctrine is prepared in the two articles of the golden mean, and the cover is far away. Therefore, the authors of Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean are the original meaning of Confucianism. If there is unfinished, it will be carried by other articles. Rites are Confucian classics. Those who are proficient in the Tao carry the Book of Changes. Yi Zhe is the secret of Confucianism. The details of events and traces of culture are included in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. The history of Confucianism is the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. And its test politicians, then Zhou Guan. Applicants for personnel must bring gifts. The ceremony of Zhou Guan is the law of Confucianism. And its enlightenment is seen in people, including the Book of Songs. People who live in peace with themselves carry music classics. Poets and musicians, Confucianism. They are all classics, so I think teaching is necessary. If you are still afraid of thoughtlessness, then write it down as The Analects of Confucius, as a family term, as a filial piety, and clarify its meaning. It is for latitude, for remembering the year, and for spreading its words. And the guidance of Confucianism is indispensable. Therefore, the doctrine of the mean, the spirit of Confucianism, is the backbone of the ritual classics, and so are the hearts of other classics. Why is it important? Therefore, Hezi, two families who play an important role in the university and teach little, think that their ignorance and the loss of teaching in the world will be influenced by the master. Therefore, the university shows that Germany and Mingde are also monks. The doctrine of the mean stresses monasticism, which is nothing more than virtue. The body function of the two ways, the foundation and end of teaching, cannot be distorted. Therefore, when learning the golden mean, don't forget the university. When you are in college, you should not neglect the golden mean. Tao and morality, harmony between man and nature, repair and repair, can not be lost. Gede's eyes are not self-contained, they are all naturally prepared. The virtue of sex makes things happen, and then you Ming Can said. Therefore, if you are not virtuous, you will not be condensed. People know that moral behavior is valued by saints, but they don't know what Lide has done for Saint Ming Dow, so this is biased towards learning. If the Tao asks scholars, it will respect morality later, while the vast majority forget all the nuances, which are biased and ignorant of the teachings of saints.
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? During the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, education became more and more developed and the education system became more and more complete. Schools are roughly divided into primary schools and universities. The content of primary school teaching is mostly the rules and etiquette in daily life, as well as rituals such as music, shooting and imperial art, and skills such as books, characters, phonology, exegesis and numbers. What universities teach is to show virtue and stop at the best way. In other words, a university is different from a primary school because learning is "standing on the road" in order to become a saint, so it is called a university.
? We selected the version of University Interpretation: In the Republic of China 15- 19, the highly respected hermits in Tianjin assembled three versions of Interpretation, which were named University Interpretation, Doctrine of the Mean Interpretation and Yijing Interpretation respectively. However, the version of university interpretation is different from the popular version now. The main reason is that the Book of Rites, which is now circulating, is no longer the Book of Rites compiled by the original disciples of Shengmen. Because of the changes of the times, Confucian classics were burned after the Qin Dynasty burned books and buried Confucianism. Since the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the folk Tibetans have been exiled by Chu and Han soldiers for a long time, resulting in the loss of many Confucian classics. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty respected Confucianism alone, opened up the road of presenting books and compiled classics one after another. As a result, bright people become dark; If it is unobstructed, it is not easy to read. If interpreted according to the exegesis of power, it will be distorted. Learning depends on this broken assembly, and the deviation of the road can be imagined. For example, "university" started with the knowledge of things, and it has fallen off and died, so how to start self-cultivation? Therefore, in the current Zhu Zi edition of the university, the knowledge of things is just a supplementary biography. From the Han Dynasty to the present, there are dozens of university revisions. ) The Book of Rites, which has been handed down to this day, was originally called "Little Dai Li" because of the "Dai Sheng" when Emperor Gaozu proclaimed the Emperor, which is different from Dade's "Great Dai Li". "The University" is one of the gifts of Dai Xiao, with the preface of "Forty-two" (called the ancient edition).
? Due to the special circumstances of his book, the world has many questions because of his famous sage's pen. Now people have developed the psychology of "the Bible can't be changed, and the ancient meaning can't be changed", and it is said that the book University Interpretation was written by a so-called saint. How can we believe that? People in the world can't see saints, so it's too late to be born; You can't see the wisdom of a saint, but you are separated by its shape. However, the hearts of saints are well known all over the world; The knowledge of saints will be passed down from generation to generation. As the principle of the sun-moon cycle, it will always exist between heaven and earth.
? Every study of classics should be based on the premise of "general classics", that is, everywhere, and it will not be established if it is taken out of context. At present, the foundation of Great Learning is not only wrong in style, but also unreasonable in eight combinations. The book Interpretation of University, with the help of a stroke of genius, reassembles the original text, corrects typos and makes sense. In addition, the chapter preface and the chapter "Description of the University" are different from the current version, that is, they have been adjusted. The adjusted scripture reads smoothly and coherently, and its meaning is clear and clear. When it is combined with the interpretation of the golden mean, it will naturally blend into the wonderful environment of Confucianism. From then on, the meaning of "university" was clear and the words were fluent. Nothing is dull and astringent, which makes the subtle meaning of Confucianism coherent. Sincerity inside and harmony outside are obvious.
? There is no truth in the world, and it is reasonable to balance it; There is no right or wrong way, and it is judged by reason. Faith is enough! If we abandon rationality and distinguish between truth and falsehood, it is true and false! Externally, right and wrong are right and wrong! What happened before the saints? What is teaching? The sage made it himself, and the world followed it, all because of its combination and awareness. If you don't care about reason, what's the difference between Confucius and philosophers? Yao and Shun reconcile Xi points? What is different is "what did you do"; What you did was different, unreasonable and reasonable. Therefore, the teaching of saints is enough to break the crowd; The sage's way is enough to convince people, not him. His teaching is "based on reason" and his way is "based on reason".
? The book "University" has been famous for a long time. It is estimated that few people don't know its name. However, it is estimated that few people go deep into its meaning and understand its users. In addition, this book was written by the ancients, and the text is abstruse and difficult to understand. Nowadays, many people mistakenly think that it is incompatible with generations and has no use value. Nowadays, scholars have more subjects to deal with modern science, but their ability to interpret classical Chinese is naturally insufficient. Therefore, wisdom is not enough to be a sea, and a glimpse is not enough to tell the sky. The world attaches importance to this book and cherishes morality. Reading is a book. Understanding it can put Xi's learning into practice, condense morality into Tao, and people can learn from it. In order to save the world and people's hearts from danger, in order to pull the social atmosphere into the right direction. Let Confucianism prevail in the world and enter the world of great harmony, and it will not be far away.
Ps: Online learning is a rare opportunity. It is close at hand to have a good relationship with teacher Dade and a chance to reach the same frequency with fellow initiates. Every Monday, the "Lv Zu Bai Zi Monument" is explained in detail, and on Saturday, "Different Universities" begin. Dear friends, cherish it and don't miss it.