Chaozhou dialect, also known as Chaozhou dialect, Chaoshan dialect and Chaozhou dialect, belongs to Chaoshan dialect of Sino-Tibetan-Chinese-Min dialect. It is distributed in Chaoshan area along the eastern coast of Guangdong Province (Chaozhou, Jieyang, Shantou, Fengshun County) and the main gathering place of overseas hipsters in Southeast Asia.
English is called Chaozhou dialect or teochewdialogue (pronunciation /tit? ui？ z； -? o？ -/; /tit？ u？ ; -? o？ -/), from the transliteration of the word "Chaozhou". Chaoshan area was an immigrant city in ancient times, and its main ancestors came from Fujian Central Plains. The word "Chaozhou dialect" has existed since ancient times and has been widely recognized by chaozhou people at home and abroad. In recent years, it is also commonly known as "Chaoshan dialect".
Chaozhou dialect is a sub-dialect of Minnan dialect, one of the eight language families of Chinese dialects, and it is also one of the oldest and most special dialects in China.
territory of use
Eight towns in Chaozhou are the main areas where Chaozhou dialect is used. Chaozhou dialect is developed on the basis of the old Chaozhou Fucheng dialect.
Chaozhou dialect dictionary
As a representative. Language pedigree: Sino-Tibetan language family-Chinese language family-Min language family-Chaoshan film. Covering the whole territory of Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang, including the Lufeng area of the top three in Shanwei and Fengshun in Meizhou; Generally known as "Chaozhou dialect", but due to the rapid development of Shantou after the reform and opening up, the name "Chaozhou dialect" has been widely recognized by Shantou people.
Chaoshan area was under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou, county, road and government in ancient times (59 1 to the 11th year of Sui Dynasty). Chaozhou Prefecture has jurisdiction over Haiyang County (now Chaoan District, Xiangqiao District and Fengxi District), Huilai County (now Huilai County, west and south of Puning City), Chaoyang County (now Haojiang District, Chaoyang District and Chaonan District), Puning County (now central and eastern Puning, Mianhu Town of Jiexi County) and Jieyang County (now Rongcheng District, Jiedong District, Jieyang County). Today, Chaozhou dialect is still the main discourse of communication between chaozhou people in Chaoshan area and at home and abroad.
speech sound
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The syllables of Chaozhou dialect include initial consonant, rhyme head (middle tone), rhyme belly and rhyme ending. Except rhyme and tone, other syllable elements are not necessary. So as long as the rhyme and tone match, you can form your own syllables. The following analysis lists Chaozhou dialect pinyin, International Phonetic Alphabet (the one in []) and example words.
The first letter of a Chinese syllable
Chaozhou dialect, like other Minnan dialects, is one of the few Chinese dialects with voiced stops. However, Chaozhou dialect is different from Wu dialect and Xiang dialect, and its voiced stops are not from the voiced stops in Middle Chinese, but from nasal sounds. So voiced consonants [b] and [g] are actually pre-nasalized consonants [? B] and [? G]. Chaozhou dialect and other branches of Minnan dialect are one of the few Chinese dialects that retain voiced stops. One of the characteristics of Chaozhou dialect is that there is no lip-tooth sound.
All the consonants listed in the table below can be used as initials except the glottal sound. Glottal stop is only one of the entering vowels, which is represented by -H, but some syllables have no consonants, that is, zero consonants. Chaozhou dialect has eighteen initials * * *, including zero initials.
Monovowel or compound vowel (of Chinese syllables)
Among the four tones, Chaozhou dialect has the sound of opening mouth, straight teeth and closing mouth, so the rhyme (middle tone) has [i] and [u], and there is no pinch of mouth.
Rhyme is the only syllable element that must exist, so it is also the most important part of a syllable. It can be vowel, nasal vowel or syllable consonant. Chaozhou dialect has no rhyme ending [-n]. The vowel ending in n in the following pinyin actually means nasal rhyme. There are four vowels, namely [a], [o], [e] and [? ]。 Most syllables rhyme with vowels, but some syllables do not contain vowels, but node consonants, nasal sounds of lips [m] and nasal sounds of soft palate [? ]。
There are three vowel endings, namely [i], [o] and [u]. Consonants have five vowels, including stops [-? 】、[-p？ ] and [-k? ], and nasal sounds [m] and [? ]。