We give our children the greatest freedom and try our best to meet their reasonable demands, so that they will feel that life is happy and learning is happy, so his face is always full of smiles. For children, happiness is the greatest wealth. -Zhang Xinyang's father, Zhang Huixiang, said that according to the normal learning progress, 10 Zhang Xinyang should be in the fourth grade now, but he walked into the college entrance examination room.
1On July 8, 995, Zhang Xinyang was born in Panjin City, Liaoning Province. Zhang Xinyang's father, Zhang Huixiang, is an ordinary civil servant. I graduated from Hebei University of Science and Technology majoring in environment and engineering, and my mother is a geography teacher in Panshan County High School.
The teenager with the highest IQ in the world has won three Guinness records. At the age of 6, he was the youngest high school graduate in the world; At the same time, I entered the university and became the youngest college student in the world. Similarly, he 10 graduated from university and is the youngest university graduate in the world. ...
Zhan Tianyou, a Japanese three-wheeled light port, was born 20 months ago and can read and write. At the age of 1 1, she turned over China's book biography and became the youngest translator in the world. Korean child Jin Xiongrong, with superhuman mathematical talent, was admitted to the university at the age of 4 and is the youngest college student.
Who is the smallest CEO in the world? After reading my CIO story, my son asked me, "Dad, what are you, C or O?" I asked him a question and said, "I'm CXO. I = CXO, X =? " The little guy shouted, "It's not fair! There is not a number, how to calculate! "
There are different opinions about who is the oldest person in the world. There are the following:1.200565438+February 9, 2005. At her home in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1 16-year-old Maria Esther heredia Capovilla showed her the Guinness World Record certificate of the world's oldest person. 130 years old India found the oldest person in the world. 2. Ocean News According to the residents of Brown Village in Himachal Pradesh in northern India, the old lady Devji Devi living in this village is at least 130 years old. If her age can be confirmed, she will be the oldest person in the world, 14 years older than the oldest woman known in China. Rio de Janeiro, June 15: It is said that Maria carmo geronimo, a Brazilian woman aged 129, died on June 14. According to church records about baptism, geronimo was born on March 5th, 187 1 year. But because there is no birth certificate, she is not recognized as the oldest woman in the world. Geronimo was born into a black slave family, when Brazil was still a monarchy. When she was 0/7 years old, Brazil had abolished slavery, but she never left her hometown and worked as a nanny for others for 60 years. 127 years old, she left home for the first time and saw the ocean. Brazil awarded her the title of the world's oldest person at a carnival parade in Rio de Janeiro to commemorate the abolition of slavery. Her owner, Argos Dinho Jumas, has been trying to get Guinness World Records to recognize her as the world's oldest woman in recent years, but without success. "They said that the church's baptism record is not enough, and there must be a birth certificate." Gumaras told reporters not long ago, "The problem is that there is no birth certificate, especially slaves." Up to now, the Guinness Book of World Records recognized the oldest person in the world as Jean-Calmont, who died on August 4th at the age of 1997.
Who is the smallest turtle in the world? According to foreign media reports, recently, the caregivers of Birmingham National Marine Aquarium were surprised to find that two rare newborn turtles appeared in the pool. They are Rhode Island hawksbill, an endangered species in the world, with less than a coin.
Who is the smallest planet in the world? The earth is the sweat of the world.
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The smallest bird in the world is a hummingbird.
Hummingbirds, which are only distributed in the New World of America and concentrated in Colombia and Ecuador, are named after being as small as bees and flapping their wings when flying. In China, the Bird Specimen Room of Biology Department of Beijing Normal University has the largest number of hummingbird specimens.
1. Morphological characteristics
Taxonomically, hummingbirds belong to a family of birds-Hummingbirds, with 3 124 genera and 5 species. Hummingbird is the smallest bird. The weight is 2-20g, and the body length is 5.8-21.7cm. For example, the weight of Archilochus colubris is only 2-3g, while the length of Mellisuga helebae is only 5.8cm. The largest species of hummingbirds is Patagona gigas, which weighs only 20 grams.
Hummingbirds' body feathers are mostly blue or green, * * * is lighter in color, and the head, throat or chest are blue-green and shiny. Some species of males have crests or very slender tail feathers. Most males are blue-green, some are purple, red or yellow. The feathers on the female bird are dull. Mouth peaks are slender, with great differences in length and shape, and different species feed on different flowers. Tartars and feet are small and short, suitable for perching on tiny branches of plants. Hummingbirds' slender mouths and long tubular tongues also help to reach into flowers and feed on nectar.
Hummingbird's humerus is long and thick, and its radius and ulna are reduced, which is related to the rapid flapping of its wings. In the same pair, the longer humerus matches the carpal bone, which makes it very convenient for the wings to move in different directions. So hummingbirds can keep flapping their wings in the air to keep their position in the air by foraging among flowers or flying forward or backward. Hummingbirds vibrate 22 ~ 28 times per second when flying, and the highest vibration frequency can reach 70 times. Hummingbirds are small, their wings vibrate frequently when flying, their body temperature is high (39℃ ~ 42℃), and their metabolism is vigorous. According to the measurement, the hummingbird's heartbeat is 1260 beats/min, and it breathes 250 beats/min. The daily energy (sugar) is equivalent to half of the body weight. Therefore, hummingbirds need to keep eating as energy supply. At night, hummingbirds are in a "dormant" state, and their body temperature drops to be consistent with the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.
2. Geographical distribution
The geographical distribution of hummingbirds is limited to the New World of America. Alaska and Labrador Peninsula in North America to Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America; Hummingbirds live in the Juan Fernandez Islands from east to west. But most species are concentrated between north latitude 10 and south latitude 25.
Of the 88 genera of hummingbirds in South America, 5 genera and 8 species are distributed in the arid zone of the northwest coast of South America. 4 1 belongs to 1 19 species, distributed in tropical South America (sea level to1525m); 26 species of 15 genera are distributed in subtropical zone (1525 ~ 2580 m), and 4 genera only inhabit subtropical low altitude zone; 62 species, belonging to 19 genus, distributed in temperate zone (2580 ~ 3500m); 1 is limited to temperate low altitude areas; There are also 3 genera, distributed in high altitude areas. In short, the geographical distribution of different species of hummingbirds is very different. For example, the dominant species is Colibri delphinae, which is distributed in subtropical and tropical areas from Guatemala to Bolivia. Some species, such as Loddigesia mirabillis, are only distributed in a valley in temperate Peru.
3. Ecological habits
Hummingbirds have a wide range of habitats. From the 4000-meter-high Andes to the tropical rain forests, dry shrubs and mangrove swamps along the Amazon River. Different habitats are rich in honey plants, which provide food for hummingbirds and supplement life energy. Hummingbirds mainly eat nectar from plants and occasionally eat small insects or spiders. When hummingbirds put their slender mouths into the corolla, their heads and chins are covered with pollen, and then when they collect honey from other flowers, they form mutual pollination. Hummingbirds have different mouths, some are only suitable for feeding in some corollas, while others collect honey from different flowers. Among plants, those pollinated by insects belong to primitive flowering plants, while those pollinated by hummingbirds belong to higher flowering plants because of their long corollas, which are often red.
Male and female hummingbirds can sing. Generally monosyllabic, lasting half a second. Defend the feeding field and make a short and high-pitched single-tone call; Chasing intruders is a continuous and rapid song to drive away intruders who invade foraging grounds or mate selection grounds; Call Weibo, short and simple, 1 sec to 1.5 sec, and repeat continuously. Calling and singing are not instinctive, but acquired through learning. Hummingbirds are mostly resident birds, especially those living in tropics and subtropics, and the seasonal changes are not obvious. Hummingbirds only chase the flowering periods of different flowers and only migrate short distances in one area. A few species can travel thousands of miles to Wan Li, such as: Archilochus colubris migrated from North America to Panama and the Gulf of Mexico in Central America for the winter; The brown hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) breeds in Alaska in the north and overwinters in Mexico in the south, with a migration distance of 3,500 kilometers.
4. Reproductive habits
Hummingbirds are polygamous. In breeding, the female completes the tasks of nesting, incubating eggs and feeding young birds alone. Each nest lays 2 eggs (occasionally 3-4 eggs). Eggs are oval and white. The interval between two eggs is 48 hours. Egg weight is 13% of female body weight. The incubation period is 14 ~ 23 days. Hummingbirds' nests are mostly slender cups hanging from horizontal branches; Some build nests in caves, others weave nests and hang them on the surface of rocks or large leaves (leaves of palm or tree fern) with spider silk. Hummingbird's cup-shaped nest, with deep cup and thick wall, is interwoven with moss and plant fibers, which is beneficial to keep the hatching temperature of eggs and keep the chicks warm. When feeding chicks, females hover, put their mouths down their throats and pour out nectar or small insects. The feeding time is 20-40 days. Hummingbirds' nests can be used for a long time. You can have 2 litters a year, and it is very rare to have 3 litters a year. Female birds reach sexual maturity after one year, and male birds can courtship and sing after living independently for several months. Under artificial propagation, the life span of hummingbirds is as long as 10 years, while the life span of blue-breasted hummingbirds recorded in the field is only 7 years.
The breeding season of hummingbirds is often related to the intensive flowering period when they feed on nectar. For example, there are two kinds of hummingbirds in California, both of which are migratory birds. The breeding season is a typical season in the north, that is, March-April, and May is the peak. Another red-throated hummingbird (Calypte anna) is a resident bird, and its breeding season is1~ March, which is the rainy season in dry season and the blooming period of flowers. In tropical and subtropical regions with heavy rainfall, the breeding season ends in rainy season and begins in dry season. At this time, many trees and shrubs bloom one after another.
5. Hummingbird protection
/kloc-the survival of hummingbirds was greatly threatened and influenced in the 0/9th century, and European and American women often used hummingbirds' gorgeous feathers as hats. At that time, a businessman in London, England, bought as many as 400 thousand hummingbird skins every year. Businessmen in Paris and new york are also very active in buying hummingbird skins. In modern times, the main threat to hummingbirds' survival is the destruction of habitats, especially the massive felling of cultivated land for agriculture. For some special species, such as hummingbirds with long mouths and big bodies, the hump of this hummingbird evolved with feeding on a passion flower plant, so destroying the growth of this passion flower has become the main factor threatening the survival of hummingbirds. In addition, all kinds of hummingbirds use spider silk as their nests. Whether spider silk is rich or not is closely related to the reproduction and permanent survival of hummingbirds.
Up to now, as many as 320 species of hummingbirds have been found. The smallest weight is only three grams, which is not as heavy as ordinary airmail envelopes. Although it is so small, it has incredible flying ability. There is a kind of hummingbird, like migratory birds, which can migrate for two or three thousand kilometers. But strangely, they fly around, but they can't fly out of America. Therefore, only the United States has hummingbirds. So it is not as ubiquitous as crows and sparrows.
Hummingbirds have no special requirements for climate and environment, so they are widely distributed. Hummingbirds can be seen from Tierra del Fuego in South America to Alaska in North America. Ecuador and other equatorial regions of America have the largest number of hummingbirds, which are not only numerous but also diverse. However, in India and Africa, although the climate, environment and other conditions are very similar to Ecuador, there are no traces of hummingbirds.
Hummingbirds like hot and humid climate. So there are the most hummingbirds in the rainforest of Ecuador. From Ecuador to the south, the temperature is getting lower and lower, and there are fewer and fewer hummingbirds. In Tierra del Fuego, there is only one kind of hummingbird. From Ecuador to the north, the temperature is getting lower and lower, and there are fewer and fewer hummingbirds. After Mexico, the continental United States, Canada and Alaska, there is only one kind of hummingbird. The same is true up. The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature and the fewer hummingbirds. The Andes in South America is the second largest mountain range in the world, with an altitude of 6000 meters. At an altitude of 5 thousand meters, that is, the limit biological line, there is only one kind of hummingbird. This hummingbird named after the highest mountain in the mountain range is called Qin Boraso Hummingbird.
Hummingbirds, like other birds, prey on insects. But insects are not their main food. Their main food is nectar. In order to eat nectar, they do not "scratch" like other birds, but suck. Their beaks are like straws, thin and long, some straight and some curved, and various shapes. The beak of the sword-billed hummingbird is longer than the sum of its head, body and tail.
Although hummingbirds are very light, they are still too heavy for delicate petals. So when hummingbirds suck nectar, they don't stand on the petals, but gently "hold" the petals and fly to them. In this way, its leg and foot functions will gradually deteriorate, but its wings are very developed. Its wings account for a quarter to a third of the whole body weight, and it can flap more than 50 times per second, which is equivalent to the frequency of modern alternating current, which is beyond the reach of any other bird.
Another special ability of hummingbird is that no matter what angle its body keeps, whether it is horizontal, vertical or inclined, its wings are always horizontal. This shows that its wing joints can rotate. In modern machinery, there is a universal joint, which is probably inspired by the rotation principle of hummingbird wing joints and designed by bionics.
Hummingbirds don't glide in the air like other birds, nor do they land and take off like other birds. Therefore, hummingbirds rarely stop flying. When you have to keep flying as a last resort, stop at a high place, so that you can "condescend" and fly with the trend. If it falls to the ground, it is "wings are hard to fly."
Hummingbirds consume a lot of energy because of their constant exercise. Scientists converted the weight of hummingbirds and found the relative index: hummingbirds eat four times as much as humans, consume three to eight times as much oxygen as other birds, and have three times the weight ratio of lungs, hearts and bodies as other birds.
Although the hummingbird is a warm-blooded animal, its body temperature will change with the temperature of the environment. Hummingbirds' body temperature can be as high as 40-45℃ during the day and can be reduced to 5-6℃ at night. The hummingbird in Boraso, Qin mentioned earlier, has a lower body temperature on snowy nights in mountainous areas. Sometimes you can survive when you are frozen.
Low body temperature consumes less energy. Therefore, mountain hummingbirds can take all the nutrients in just a few hours during the day.
Hummingbirds hatch two eggs in each nest, the diameter of which is 5 mm, and the incubation period is not fixed like other birds, usually 14 to 25 days. The newly hatched hummingbirds are not as big as bees. But she eats a lot and feeds her every 15 to 20 minutes.
Hummingbirds are very beautiful. This is not only because of its color, but because its feathers are covered with keratin. This substance is exposed to sunlight in the air and can reflect colorful metallic luster. So hummingbirds have the reputation of "flying gems". The local people like hummingbirds very much and think that whoever can see hummingbirds is the lucky one. Hummingbirds are a symbol of good luck. Many people hang sugar or honey in the yard to attract hummingbirds.
The smallest ocean in the world is the Arctic Ocean.
Area of four oceans:
1 Pacific Ocean: The total area is about178.68 million square kilometers.
Atlantic Ocean: The area is about 965,438+0,655,000 square meters.
Indian Ocean: The total area is about 76174,000 square kilometers.
Arctic Ocean: The total area is about 6.5438+0.4788 million square kilometers.