Earth exploration and information technology are two disciplines of "geological resources and geological engineering". It is divided into five main research directions: applied geochemistry, applied geophysics, comprehensive evaluation of geological resources and geo-information science. It is characterized by using interdisciplinary research methods such as geophysics, geochemistry, mineral deposit science and isotope geology to study the characteristics of stratabound metal deposits and organic mineral resources, and provide theoretical guidance for mineral resources exploration. It has gradually formed its own characteristics in the study of the relationship between mineral composition and chemical composition and engineering properties, the relationship between macro-structure and engineering properties, and the relationship between micro-structure and engineering properties. Systematic research on the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources and metal mineral resources and the correct detection of coal mine water disaster distribution, especially the use of geophysical theories and methods to support the search technology of groundwater resources in water-deficient areas, the prevention and detection of mine groundwater and the detection of mineral resources. In order to ensure the safety of engineering construction, engineering geophysical exploration is studied in the background of engineering rock and soil, providing indispensable physical and mechanical parameters.