Model essay on female criminal psychology: a brief analysis of female criminal psychology. When it comes to women, the first impression is kindness, gentleness and virtue. However, there are many stories of "degenerate angels turning into demons" throughout the ages. In modern society, women have not only stayed in the traditional roles of "wife", "mother" and "daughter", they are gradually leaving home and going to society. However, while women have made achievements and status, illegal crimes are also increasing. Perhaps ignorance made them fall into a wrong path, perhaps materialism made them wallow in the abyss, or perhaps abnormal love made them lose their way. Every female crime is the result of the interaction of internal and external factors, and there are their special psychological processes behind it. Based on the handling of female criminal cases in recent years, this paper focuses on the characteristics and criminal psychology of female crimes, hoping to provide ideas for preventing female crimes.
Keywords criminal emotional psychology
China Library Classification Number: D924 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1009-0592 (2013)1-283-02.
I. Basic information
Judging from the types of cases, female crimes are relatively concentrated, mainly including crimes against property (theft and fraud), intentional injury, sexual crimes and drug crimes. According to statistics, the above four types of crimes account for more than 50% of the total number of female crimes in our city. Because women are obviously weaker than men physically and psychologically timid, they commit more light physical and concealed intellectual crimes, as well as less serious violent crimes such as murder and robbery. At the same time, women are vulnerable groups, and most of them are protected objects. Therefore, the vigilance against women in society is easy to decrease, women are more likely to gain the trust of others, and women are also good at taking advantage of this gender advantage. Therefore, women are more likely than men to commit financial crimes such as fraud.
From the perspective of educational level, female criminals are mostly concentrated in primary school and junior high school culture. Education level is one of the important factors that affect the probability of crime. Cultural education plays a vital role in the formation of personal world outlook, outlook on life and values. Usually, the low level of education leads to a relatively low level of understanding, and the ability to analyze and deal with problems is insufficient, which leads to extreme and narrow personality, easy to get emotional when things happen, and easy to solve problems unilaterally. At the same time, the level of education is directly proportional to the level of legal awareness. People with low education don't know how to protect themselves with legal weapons, or even know that their actions have violated the law. Furthermore, people with low educational level leave the campus prematurely and enter the society. Because of the limited cognitive level, they can't distinguish right from wrong, and they are easy to be instigated, deceived and lured by others to commit crimes. Finally, the low level of education has limited job hunting, and some women are forced to commit theft and prostitution in order to make a living.
Judging from the frequency of crimes, female criminals are basically first-time offenders, and the probability of recidivism and recidivism is small. Recidivism mainly occurs in cases of theft, fraud and drug trafficking.
Second, the characteristics of female crime
(A) most emotional crimes
Women are natural emotional animals with delicate, rich and sensitive feelings. Most of them are emotional idealists, but their ability to control their feelings is obviously insufficient and their emotional stability is poor. In judicial practice, it is found that many women's violent crimes are motivated by emotional problems, and their views on love, marriage and family are distorted, and the targets of crimes are mostly emotional devotees (such as husbands and lovers, violent crimes against third parties have increased in recent years). When women pour their feelings into someone and make sacrifices in exchange for indifference, abuse, betrayal and even abandonment, women often have anger, jealousy and hatred. If these negative psychological channels are not smooth and accumulate to a certain extent, under strong stimulation, the torrent of hatred will break through the gate of reason and produce cruel revenge behaviors such as intentional homicide and intentional injury.
(2) It is difficult to distinguish between the offender and the victim.
In many cases, female criminal suspects are both perpetrators and victims, and there is a transformation process between them. Influenced by traditional ideas, women in China usually compromise after being hurt (such as domestic violence, husband's extramarital affairs, etc.). ), I hope to save my feelings, but the reality often backfires. When negative emotions accumulate to a certain extent, they will turn into strong revenge, hatred and jealousy. Driven by this psychology, some women commit violent crimes. In addition, some young women, who should be in their prime, have embarked on the road of crime because of the lack of care and correct guidance from family, school and society; For example, some women who were sexually assaulted, because they could not bear the pressure from society and family, gave up on themselves and ended up in prison. There are many similar situations. Legally speaking, their actions violate the legal significance of legal protection. But emotionally, they are also victims themselves, and there are "extenuating circumstances". Society should make up for their lack of care.
(c) Multi-gang crime, in which women play a subordinate role.
In feudal society, Confucianism required women to "obey their father at home, marry their husbands and obey their children, and their husbands and children obey their children", so women did not have an independent social status, which was mainly determined by their physical and psychological characteristics. In modern society, women still show strong dependence on men. Women mostly appear in the form of * * * accomplices, and are generally not the principal offenders, with the characteristics of being coerced, instigated and assisted in committing crimes.
Third, female criminal psychology.
Women commit crimes because their security needs (such as personal safety, life stability and freedom from pain), emotional and belonging needs (such as love and marriage) and respect needs (such as achievement and status) are not met, which leads to the violation of criminal law. The following focuses on several common female criminal psychology.
Jealousy, hatred, revenge and anger
Compared with men, women generally assume more family responsibilities and invest more time and energy in family construction. Therefore, women's expectations and attention to marriage and family are far greater than men's, and they generally hope that marriage and family happiness will continue. But nowadays, the phenomenon of extramarital affairs is spreading day by day, which makes some families fall into emotional crisis; Domestic violence is still repeated, laying an untimely bomb for female crimes.
1. Domestic violence
In feudal times, men were superior to women, and they thought they could beat and scold their wives at will. This idea still exists, especially in rural areas. Law enforcement agencies generally do not intervene in ordinary family disputes, and it is normal for neighborhood committees and village committees to intervene, which also leads to women's long-term helplessness in domestic violence. Coupled with the weak personality, economic independence, and the influence of traditional concepts such as "Don't wash your dirty linen in public", women often choose to suffer silently after domestic violence, which further encourages their husbands' violent tendencies. When hatred accumulates to a certain extent, extreme personality will produce revenge psychology of "larger foe". At this time, trivial things will trigger the "emotional trigger" and vent their dissatisfaction with marriage in their own special way, so we see that unexpected major cases will happen to weak women.
2. Extramarital affairs
In addition to domestic violence, infidelity between husband and wife is also an important cause of female crime. At present, the traditional ethical concept is weakening, and the temptation factor is gradually increasing. Some people have distorted views on marriage and love, are irresponsible to their families and indulge excessively. Men's problems in this regard are more prominent. Psychologically speaking, women are more principled and spiritual, and have higher expectations for marriage than men. Therefore, once the marriage and family changes, it is extremely difficult for women to accept the change and their psychology is easily distorted. In order to seek spiritual comfort, they will defend their principles at all costs. In such cases, the victims are mostly husbands or lovers, but in recent years, the vicious crime of "killing a mistress in anger" has increased, which has a bad influence. Killing a rival in love is certainly a passionate crime, but it is more a yearning for removing obstacles and restoring the original family life. Similarly, as a third party, women will also have hatred because of being left out and abandoned, or take extreme measures to solve their emotional problems in order to clear the way for their feelings. (B) try to be brave and struggle psychology
Narrow-minded, narrow-minded is also one of the labels of women. Narrow-minded women generally have poor ability to relieve their emotions and are prone to competitive psychology. Small neighborhood conflicts and family disputes on weekdays will easily form grudges and reach irreconcilable levels if they are not resolved in time. For example, on 20 1 1 there was a vicious homicide in our city, and neighbors had a dispute over trivial matters and had a long-term disagreement. On the day of the incident, the mother, son, daughter-in-law, daughter-in-law and son-in-law discussed how to retaliate and actively prepared tools for committing crimes. After meeting the victim's family at home that night, the son, mother, daughter and daughter-in-law attacked the unarmed victim with tools such as knives, which eventually killed three people, 1 person was seriously injured and several people were slightly injured. Finally, the above-mentioned personnel were convicted of intentional homicide. This kind of vicious homicide caused by neighborhood disputes is rare, and it is even more rare for the whole family to commit crimes together. Years of bitter and intractable grievances between the two sides led to a human tragedy. The criminal motives of the three female criminals in this case are only superficial "anger", but the essence is that they have no legal concept in their hearts. Because some small interests are infringed or damaged, they indulge in venting, try to be brave, and embark on the road of crime.
(3) Despair
In modern society, while women continue to take care of their husbands and children, they also bear part of the family supply. Some groups, such as single mothers, almost need to support their families alone. However, women are vulnerable to discrimination and unfair treatment in employment and treatment. Some women have no skills, no fixed occupation and residence, and lack viability. It is easy for them to take risks for their livelihood and engage in illegal and criminal activities such as theft, fraud, pornography and prostitution.
(4) vanity and quick success.
With the rapid development of commodity economy, the utilitarianism of "minimum investment, maximum income" also exerts a subtle influence on people's values, which is aggravated by women's love of comparison and jealousy. When reality and ideal can't be balanced, some women lose their way, some go to the point of no return of theft, fraud, corruption and bribery, and some greedily sell their bodies to obtain ill-gotten wealth; Some are willing to be a third party and bury hidden dangers. According to psychological research and analysis, women's willpower is weaker than men's, and women are more vulnerable to greedy attacks under the same exposure to money and property. Moreover, women's cognitive system is relatively weak, often based on their own low-level needs and direct experience, and they are easily tempted by small favors, thus becoming criminal tools of others.
(e) Give up on yourself and indulge in psychology.
Women's psychological endurance is generally inferior to that of men, so they are prone to decadence after setbacks and trauma, resulting in negative world-weariness and "broken pots and broken falls" on the road of crime, which is more common in sexual crimes. For sexual faults, the society criticizes women more than men. In the face of strong pressure, some women are afraid, unwilling or even unable to protect their rights and interests through normal channels, and then have a self-destructive mentality and become prostitutes, which is likely to evolve into organized prostitution and forced prostitution.
(6) Ignorance and blind obedience.
This situation mostly happens to underage women, who come into contact with society when their world outlook and values are not fully formed, and thus go astray.
Although the absolute number of female crimes is far lower than that of male crimes, its upward trend is obvious, and its influence on family and society should not be underestimated. Through the analysis of female criminal psychology, we can design different coping strategies according to different criminal psychology, and provide ideas for preventing and reducing female crimes. The author advocates that the society should be guided by more correct values, play more warm cards and family cards, promptly channel and resolve negative emotions, and reduce the incentives for crime from the source. Of course, female crime is a complex social phenomenon, and reducing and preventing female crime is also a systematic project. It is necessary to implement the system of protecting women's rights and interests from women themselves, families and society.
With the continuous progress of society, especially the rapid improvement of China's economic level since the reform and opening up, more and more women participate in various social affairs, but at the same time, the proportion of female crimes has also increased year by year, which has seriously affected the stable development of social economy. Based on this, this paper mainly analyzes the psychology of female criminals and puts forward some preventive measures.
Keywords: psychological analysis of female crime and preventive measures
About the author: Qu Ye, Liupanshui Radio and TV University.
China Library Classification Number: D924 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1009-0592 (2013)12-240-02.
There is an important link between family and society, that is, women. The importance of women in social life is self-evident, and their psychological characteristics are more prominent than those of men, so women's nervous system is more excited and prone to various sensitive reactions when stimulated. Based on this, women commit far fewer crimes than men, but once women become criminals, it will cause extremely serious circumstances. In recent years, female crimes have gradually increased, which has hindered the stable development of society. Therefore, it is an important work at this stage to study female criminal psychology and put forward and implement effective preventive measures.
First, the main types and characteristics of female crime
(A) the main types of female crime
(1) Violent crime. Compared with men, the phenomenon of female violent crimes is much less. However, with the continuous improvement of women's education and participation in social activities, the number of female violent crimes has gradually increased. Especially at this stage, the problem of intentional injury and murder of women is becoming more and more serious, and the object of injury and murder is mainly her husband, which is obviously regional and passive. (2) Property crimes. Relevant survey data show that the probability of female property crimes is also on the rise, mainly manifested in theft, corruption and fraud, which are common types of female crimes. (3) sexual crimes. In the whole female criminal cases, the proportion of sexual crimes is the most prominent, which has seriously eroded the normal and orderly development of society. Its main characteristics are mobility, concealment and dependence, which are mainly manifested in the crimes of gathering people for fornication, luring and sheltering women for prostitution.
(B) the specific characteristics of female crime
(1) The reasons for the formation of female criminal psychology are negative. Although the equality between men and women is emphasized in the current social development, many women can no longer tolerate abuse because of the prevalence of male chauvinism and frequent domestic violence in family relations, and some women have not defended their rights and interests through legal forms, and finally embarked on the road of crime. (2) The subjects of female crimes are young people and highly educated people. Some investigations and studies have found that the characteristics of female crimes are more and more close to those of male crimes, especially juvenile crimes are on the rise year by year, and female crimes are characterized by youthfulness. (3) The means of female crime is obviously deceptive. Because of gender differences, women usually do not use violence directly in the process of committing crimes, but achieve their criminal goals through fraud, poisoning and theft. (4) Criminal behavior has certain dependence. Because women are physically weaker than men due to the limitation of physiological conditions, they are relatively weak groups in society, so many female criminals will step on the spot for male criminals or provide them with more tools for crime. Criminal behavior has obvious dependence and often appears in some gang crimes.
Second, the analysis of the forming factors of female criminal psychology.
family factors
(1) Some women have formed obvious personality defects in the process of family growth. The research of relevant departments found that children who grew up in some families with tense family relationships, even in some families with broken relationships, are indifferent and gloomy. In order to escape the unhappiness brought by their families, many girls wandered around the society prematurely and tried to find more comfort from their families, but they were exposed to many bad factors in society, which eventually led to the formation of criminal psychology. (2) Domestic violence can be said to be a corrosive agent of happy family life and a time bomb that undermines the stable development of society. It is easy to cause the marriage to break up, and the children will be seriously hurt at this time. In rural areas, the probability of domestic violence is much higher than that in cities. Because the peasants' education level is relatively low, especially the women in these families have no direct economic income and low status, it is common for them to be beaten and scolded by their husbands. Under the influence of male chauvinism, some men think that their husbands are always superior to women and can beat and scold their wives at will. Even some women will think that it's a dirty linen in public after being subjected to violent abuse, so once this kind of injury exceeds the tolerance of women, they will directly resist their husbands by hurting or killing them, thus forming a crime.
social factor
(1) Traditional social concepts are deeply rooted. There is the idea that "men are superior to women" in our traditional concept, and Confucian culture advocates that women should be "three obedient and four virtuous", which has suppressed the free development of women for thousands of years and caused many women's long-term psychological depression. (2) Since the 1980s, with the continuous development of social economy, traditional ideas have been completely subverted, and modern new women have gradually taken shape, resulting in a strong desire for "high consumption", and many women's "money worship" behavior is obvious. In order to get more money and wealth, they finally embarked on the road of crime. (3) The bad inducement of external media is also an important reason for women's criminal psychology, especially some black reactionary and yellow obscene cultural communication, which directly affects the shaping and formation of women's normal personality.
(3) Personal personality factors
From the perspective of their own factors, female criminal psychology can usually be divided into three categories: bad psychology, abnormal psychology and mental illness symptoms. Among them, bad psychology is mainly manifested in long-term depression, impatience, strong revenge, strong greed and obvious selfishness. In addition, with the continuous improvement of China's economic level, the overall consumption level of society has been further stimulated. In order to covet enjoyment and get more material benefits, some women gradually develop a serious greed psychology, which leads to their growing vanity and makes them take criminal measures to seek benefits in order to meet their abnormal needs as much as possible. In addition, some women are usually victimized at first, but because they don't know how to use legal weapons to protect their rights and interests, their awareness of rights protection is weak, and later they gradually change from victims to perpetrators, and finally commit crimes with a strong desire for revenge.
(D) Personal physiological factors
The most common type of female crime is sexual crime, which is influenced by female personal physiological factors to some extent. First of all, compared with men, women's puberty changes one to two years earlier, and the secretion of estrogen in the body is more than that of androgen, so they will have a more sensitive experience of the opposite sex prematurely. Secondly, biologically speaking, women's menstrual period, pregnancy and menopause will directly affect their physical and psychological conditions. In addition, some women will have autonomic nervous disorder, leading to cerebral cortex disorder, which is prone to irritability and irritability. Once they are badly stimulated, it will greatly increase the probability of women committing crimes. Third, preventive measures against female crimes.
(A) to strengthen women's psychological knowledge education.
Female crime will directly affect the normal life of a family and cause great harm to the stable development of society, which requires attention and reflection from all walks of life. Therefore, strengthening women's psychological knowledge education should be an important task at present. First of all, we should strengthen the education of women's mental health knowledge, and promote mental health knowledge education by offering some professional courses and related lectures. We can create a good atmosphere for women's mental health knowledge education through radio and television, newspaper windows and other types of publicity media. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of counseling and treatment institutions related to women's mental health education, promote the development of women's mental health education under the impetus of market mechanism, and continuously expand the ranks of mental health educators. We should fully realize that women's mental health education is inseparable from people's efforts, so it is also an important job to improve the quality of the education team. At the same time, we should vigorously carry out relevant professional knowledge and necessary skills training for existing education staff. Finally, we should constantly improve the evaluation system of women's mental health. By investing more manpower, material resources and financial resources, we will actively create conditions, do a good job in evaluating women's mental health, constantly find and correct problems from information feedback, and ensure that psychological education is more targeted.
(2) Strengthen the understanding of women's ideological level.
On the one hand, we should reshape the traditional concept of women. Since ancient times, the Confucian culture in China has advocated that women should be "three obedient and four virtuous", which restricts the free development of women. With the changes brought about by the development of the new era, women's marriage has been greatly impacted, and a large part of female crimes occur when dealing with family and marriage contradictions. Therefore, how to solve family conflicts correctly has become one of the important problems faced by these women. Therefore, at this stage, one of our important tasks is to advocate women's spirit of self-esteem, self-reliance and self-improvement. In the face of domestic violence and social temptations, we must remain calm and protect our rights and interests in the right way. On the other hand, some women's attitude towards life is too negative, so it is also an important task to change their way of thinking. Helping women to form a positive and optimistic attitude towards life and establish new life goals is conducive to reducing the occurrence of female criminal behavior.
(3) Psychological treatment of female criminals
For female criminal individuals, the most important task at present is to further accelerate the construction of related psychological correction institutions such as reeducation through labor, drug rehabilitation centers and prisons, and at the same time do a good job in psychological correction of criminal individuals. At present, in the process of penalty execution, many institutions have not deeply realized the importance of psychotherapy, and there is a serious shortage of professional psychotherapy personnel. In view of this situation, we can strengthen cooperation with medical colleges and hospitals and cooperate with social forces to do a good job in psychological treatment of female criminals. In addition, we should constantly update and learn from the relevant knowledge and principles of psychology at this stage, and use them flexibly according to the actual situation of female criminal individuals in China to improve the effect of psychotherapy for female crimes as much as possible. In this process, we should pay attention to the fact that the psychotherapy of female criminal individuals is not a special treatment, and its essence is the same as that of general psychotherapy. In the process of treatment, we should treat them not as prisoners, but as patients, respect their personality, communicate with them in a friendly way, establish a harmonious treatment atmosphere, enhance their self-integration ability, change their psychological structure, make them gradually satisfied with their lifestyle, and thus improve their psychological state.
Fourth, summary.
In a word, female crime needs long-term attention from all walks of life. This paper analyzes the common female criminal psychology in society. Therefore, the preventive measures against female crimes will inevitably be limited. Therefore, it is necessary to make a more comprehensive and in-depth analysis in the actual research work. Only in this way can we effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of female crimes.
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