Ji Xianlin (19 1 1 August 6-July 200911), the word ""is also "qi". China is a famous writer, linguist, educator, social activist, translator and essayist who is proficient in 12 language. He has served as a member of the Department of Philosophy and Sociology of China Academy of Sciences, Vice President Peking University, and Director of South Asia Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences. On July 1 1 day, 2009, at 8: 50 Beijing time, Ji Xianlin, a master of Chinese studies, passed away in Beijing 30 1 Hospital at the age of 98. Academic achievements Academic research content Ji Xianlin's academic research, in his own words, is: "Brahma, Buddhism, earth fire and Tam simultaneously, China literature, comparative literature and literary theory are studied in Qi Fei". According to Professor Zhang Guanglin and Mr. Ke Ling from the Department of Oriental Studies in Peking University, Ji Xianlin's academic achievements include the following 65,438+00 aspects: 65,438+0 ancient Indian studies: the change of finite verbs in the memorabilia, the conversion of the suffix -am into -o and -u in Chinese, and the use of indefinite past tense as a Buddha. 2. Research on the history of Buddhism: He is one of the few Buddhist teaching scholars at home and abroad who can really study the original Buddhist scriptures. He combined the study of the law of language changes in India in the Middle Ages with the study of Buddhist history to find out the emergence, evolution and spread of major Buddhist classics, thus determining the emergence and spread of important Buddhist factions. 3. Research on Bow-tone Language: The early masterpiece "Translation of the Bow-tone Book of Prince Fu Li's Causality" initiated a successful method for the semantic research of Bow-tone Language. From 1948 to 1980, the newly discovered bow sound in Turpan, Xinjiang was discovered. 4. Research on the history of Sino-Indian cultural exchange: The time and place when China's paper and papermaking techniques were introduced into India, the preliminary research on China's silk was introduced into India, and the statement that some components of The Journey to the West originated in India show that Chinese and Indian cultures "learn from each other, have their own innovations, look at each other and penetrate each other". 5. Research on the history of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries: In 1980s, he edited The Textbook of the Western Regions of Datang and Modern Translated Works of the Western Regions, and wrote the Preface of the Textbook of the Western Regions of 65,438+10,000 words, which is an important achievement in the research of the history of the western regions in China for decades. The sugar history completed in 65,438+0,996 shows ancient China, India, Persia, Arabia and Egypt. 6. Introduction to Indian literary works and Indian literary studies: Ramayana is one of the two great ancient epics, with more than 20,000 poems and more than 90,000 lines translated into Chinese. After 65,438+00 years of unremitting efforts, it was finally translated by Ji Xianlin, which is an unprecedented event in the translation history of China. 7. Comparative Literature Research: In the early 1980s, he first advocated the restoration of comparative literature research and called for the establishment of China School of Comparative Literature, which made great contributions to the revival of comparative literature in China. 8. Oriental Culture Research: Since the late 1980s, I have vigorously advocated the study of oriental culture, and edited a large-scale cultural series, The Fusion of Oriental Cultures, with more than 500,800 volumes, which is expected to be completed in 15 years. 9. Preservation and rescue of ancient books and records in China: In the 1990s, he served as the editor-in-chief of two great series of books, The Collection of Sikuquanshu and The Collection handed down from generation to generation. 10, Prose Creation: I began to write prose at the age of 17, and it has been several decades, with more than 800,000 words. When Zhong Jingwen celebrated Ji Xianlin's 88th birthday, he said, "The highest realm of literature is simplicity, and Mr. Ji's works have reached this realm. He is simply because he is sincere. " "As the old saying goes, I love my husband's good writing." [4] Important Academic Papers After the Second World War, Ji Xianlin returned to the embrace of the motherland after a long absence of 10. In the autumn of the same year, recommended by Chen Yinque, Ji Xianlin was hired as Professor Peking University and founded the Department of Oriental Languages. After returning to China, Ji Xianlin focused on the history of Buddhism and the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations, and published a series of original academic papers. Ji Xianlin's reading "Fatu and Buddha" (1947) reveals that the translation of the Sanskrit word "Buddha" in the early Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures comes from an old proverb, and the translation rule of the word "Buddha" comes from "Tuhuoluo", thus correcting the long-standing misunderstanding that "Buddha" is a transliteration abbreviation of the Sanskrit word "Buddha". Incidentally, Ji Xianlin wrote "On Pagoda and Buddha" at 1989, further demonstrating that the Chinese transliteration of "Pagoda" originated from Daxia dialect. The transliteration of Sanskrit td (1948) reveals that the initials T and D used to translate Sanskrit in China Buddhist scriptures have gone through an L stage, and the sound change phenomenon of T > D > L is not Sanskrit, but a common saying. Therefore, according to the transliteration of Sanskrit td in China Buddhist Scriptures, China Buddhist Scriptures can be divided into three periods: Han Dynasty to Southern and Northern Dynasties, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui Dynasty, and after Sui Dynasty. Most of the original texts of Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese in the early days were not Sanskrit, but common sayings or mixed Sanskrit. There are also many proverbs and miscellaneous Sanskrit in the mid-term original text, but the Sanskrit education level has improved; Later, the original text was pure Sanskrit. Ji Xianlin's two papers are unique in the research field of Buddhist history in China. With the method of comparative language research, it is convincingly proved that the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures was not directly translated from Sanskrit at first, but from the ancient languages of the western regions. Accordingly, Ji Xianlin reminded domestic phonologists who used Sanskrit transliteration to study China's ancient sounds that they must pay attention to whether the original text is Sanskrit or not when comparing Chinese and Sanskrit. In the study of the history of Sino-Indian cultural relations, most scholars at home and abroad in the past focused on the influence of Buddhism on Indian culture, and some even thought that Sino-Indian cultural relations were "one-way traffic". Ji Xianlin believes that this view is not in line with the historical reality of cultural exchange. Therefore, on the one hand, Ji Xianlin paid attention to the influence of Buddhism on China culture, on the other hand, he made great efforts to discuss the problem that China culture was introduced into India, which was neglected by predecessors. He has successively written The Time and Place of China's Paper and Papermaking Methods Introduced into India (1954), A Preliminary Study of China's Silk Introduced into India (1955) and Did China's Paper and Papermaking Methods First Spread to India by Sea? "(1957) and other papers, with detailed historical data, textual research on China's paper, papermaking methods and the process of silk being introduced into India. [5] Academic Thought Since the late 1980s, Ji Xianlin has put forward many personal opinions and judgments on important issues such as culture, China culture, cultural system between the East and the West, cultural exchange between the East and the West, and human culture in the 2/kloc-0 century, which has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad. Ji Xianlin believes that "cultural exchange is one of the main driving forces of human progress. Human beings must learn from each other, learn from each other's strong points and make up for each other's weak points, so as to make continuous progress, and the ultimate goal of human progress must be some form of great harmony. "In fact, Ji Xianlin took an active part in the discussion of eastern and western cultural issues in China in recent 10 years, and also carried out this idea. Ji Xianlin divided human culture into four systems: China cultural system. Indian cultural system, Arab Islamic cultural system, European and American cultural systems since ancient Greece and Rome, and the first three * * * together constitute the eastern cultural system, while the latter is the western cultural system. Ji Xianlin shouted for the revival of oriental nation and culture, and put forward that the transformation of eastern and western cultures was "thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi", which aroused strong repercussions in China. What Ji Xianlin expressed was a historical and macroscopic viewpoint, and it was also a positive response to Eurocentrism, which had ruled the world for a long time. Academic posts Mr. Ji Xianlin has a wide range of academic posts. He used to be the vice president of China Foreign Literature Society (1978), the president of China South Asia Society (1979), the honorary president of China Society of Ancient Ethnography (1980), the president of China Foreign Language Teaching Research Association (198 1) and the president of China Language Society. Vice President of China Dunhuang Turpan Society (1983), Executive Director of China Historical Society (1984), Vice President of China Higher Education Society (1984), Director of China Writers Society (1985), Honorary President of China Comparative Literature Society (1985). Kloc-0/94 1 year, which systematically summarizes the various morphological adjustments of verbs in mixed Sanskrit used in Hinayana Buddhism Memorabilia) and the conversion of suffixes -am to -o and -u in Chinese and Indian (65438). It is found and proved that the conversion of suffixes -am to -o and -u is one of the characteristics of Kandras dialect in northwest China and India). ) The Karma Variant of Prince Fu Li (1943) (creating a successful semantic research method), Essays on Ancient Indian Languages (1982), Thirty-two Aspects of Tuhuoluo A, An Introduction to Tuhuoluo Studies in Dunhuang and Turpan, and Cultural Exchange. Individual Award 1986 Essays on Ancient Indian Languages won the first scientific research achievement award in Peking University. 1987 "Language Problems of Primitive Buddhism" won the honorary prize of Beijing Excellent Achievement Award for Philosophy and Social Sciences and Policy Research. 1989 awarded the honorary certificate of "thirty years of language and writing work" by the State Language Committee. 1990 The paper "History of Sino-Indian Cultural Relations" won the "Book Honor Award" in the first National Comparative Literature Book Award. 1992, The Story of the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty, won the first National Book Award for Ancient Books Arrangement. 1992, varanasi Sanskrit University awarded the highest honor award "commendation certificate". The History of Oriental Linguistics, edited by 1997, won the third National Book Award. The History of Ancient Indian Literature, edited by 1997, won the second prize of national teaching achievement, and 1999 won the second prize of outstanding achievement award of national social science fund project. 1998 awarded honorary doctor by Tehran university. 1999 The Collected Works of Ji Xianlin (24 volumes) won the 4th National Book Award. In 2000, the monograph "The Track of Cultural Exchange-The History of Sugar Industry in China" won the Yangtze River Reading Award "Expert Works Award". In 2000, he obtained a gold certificate of doctoral degree from the University of G? ttingen, Germany. On September 26th, 2006, Ji Xianlin was awarded the "Lifetime Achievement Award of Translation Culture" at the commendation meeting for senior translators celebrating International Translation Day in translators association of china.

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