Some heteropolysaccharides are composed of repeated disaccharides containing glyeosaminoglycans, called GAGs, also known as mucopolysaccharides. (mucopolysaccharide), aminopolysaccharide, etc.
Glycosaminoglycans are the main components of proteoglycans. According to the different repeating disaccharide units, there are five types of glycosaminoglycans:
1. Hyaluronic acid: disaccharide unit composed of D- glucuronic acid and N- acetylglucosamine, also known as uronic acid and hyaluronic acid. Its basic structure is a large polysaccharide composed of two disaccharide units, D- glucuronic acid and N- acetylglucosamine. Unlike other mucopolysaccharides, it does not contain sulfur. Its hyaline molecules can carry more than 500 times of water, which is recognized as the best moisturizing ingredient at present and widely used in skin care products and cosmetics.
2. Chondroitin sulfate
3, dermatan sulfate
4. Layered acid of sulfuric acid
5. Heparin
chemical property
Polysaccharide has no sweetness, can't form a true solution in water, but can only form colloid, which has no reducibility and no optical rotation, but has optical rotation.
classify
Homogeneous polysaccharide: polysaccharide condensed from monosaccharide molecules, called homogeneous polysaccharide. Common ones are: starch, glycogen, cellulose and so on.
Heteropolysaccharide: polysaccharide condensed from different monosaccharide molecules, called heteropolysaccharide. Common ones are hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate.
biological function
Some polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, can form the bones of plants or animals. Polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen can be used as biological energy storage materials. Heteropolysaccharide forms proteoglycan with protein through valence bond, which plays a biological role, such as being used as a body lubricant, identifying cells of heterogeneous tissues, and the basic components of blood group substances.
Polysaccharide compounds widely exist in animal cell membranes and cell walls of plants and microorganisms. They are high-molecular polymers formed by connecting aldehyde groups and ketone groups through glycosidic bonds, and they are also one of the four basic substances that constitute life.
Fungal polysaccharides were found to have anticancer effects in 1950s. Later, lichens, pollen and many plants were found to contain polysaccharide compounds, which were separated and purified, and their chemical structure, physical and chemical properties and pharmacological effects were determined, especially the anti-tumor and immune enhancement effects of polysaccharide compounds were deeply studied.
What are active polysaccharides and complex polysaccharides?
Active polysaccharide
Macromolecular compounds extracted from natural plants and fungi are internationally recognized as natural, safe and efficient natural immunomodulators.
Conjugated polysaccharide
Based on the research results of Southern Medical University (the former First Military Medical University) for more than 20 years, through repeated experiments on different kinds of active polysaccharides, the most scientific and effective compound polysaccharide system was screened out.
Sugar composed of more than 10 monosaccharide molecules is called polysaccharide. A compound composed of various polysaccharides (such as lentinan, Poria cocos, tremella, etc.). ) is called compound polysaccharide, also known as total polysaccharide. Compound polysaccharide has a variety of biological activities, is a high-quality immunomodulator without any toxic side effects in the world today, can effectively improve human immunity in an all-round way, is an important part of the structure of cells and organelles, and is an indispensable main component to maintain the normal function of human cells or organs.
Polysaccharide is dietary fiber, not sugar (sucrose, glucose) that diabetics are afraid of. Polysaccharide can delay the effect of digestive juice on food, slow down the absorption rate of glucose, prevent the sharp rise of blood sugar value and help prevent diabetes.
Multi-target active compound polysaccharide
Make full use of the extremely important targeted biological function of sugar and its complex molecules, and then use new methods and technologies to conduct new research from the perspective of molecular biology, combine new formulas and make new compounds, which will inevitably form a new generation of products. Therefore, experts from Southern Medical University recombined fungal polysaccharide and algae polysaccharide, and finally successfully developed a new generation of polysaccharide with more Gao Zengqiang immune activity and more definite targeting at the beginning of 2 1 century. Experts named it "multi-objective active compound"