Say "university"

Three principles: be moral, be close to the people, and stop at the best.

Eight goals: discipline, knowledge, honesty, honesty, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world.

"University" puts forward "three programs" and "eight items", emphasizing that self-cultivation is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to keep the family in order, govern the country and level the world, and expounds the internal relationship between governing the country and level the world and personal moral cultivation.

Some people also summed up the "six syndromes" according to the relationship between the "three cardinal guides" and "eight cardinal guides".

Six syndromes: stop, settle, be calm, be safe, worry and gain.

Nan, a famous master of Chinese studies, put forward a new view of three cardinal guides and eight cardinal guides. He pointed out that it should be four cardinal principles, seven certificates and eight orders.

Four principles: the way of university, virtue, closeness to the people and perfection.

Seven syndromes: knowing, stopping, deciding, deciding, being safe, worrying and gaining.

Eight goals: discipline, knowledge, honesty, honesty, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world.

Source and detailed explanation

At the beginning of "University", it said: "The way of a university is to show virtue, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection." This is what later generations call the "three programs" of universities. The so-called "mingde" is the mingde that promotes people's innate endowment. The so-called "being close to the people" means letting people abandon the old and seek the new, and go from evil to good. The "pro" and "new" here are innovation, abandoning the old and drawing new pictures. The so-called "stop at the best" is to achieve the best state of Confucian feudal ethics. "A gentleman stops at benevolence, a minister stops at respect, a son stops at filial piety, a father stops at kindness, and making friends with Chinese people stops at faith." This is the educational planning and training goal put forward by the university.

"University" also said: "The ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, governing the country first. If you want to govern your country, you should unite your family first. If you want to keep your family together, you should trim your body first. If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first. If you want to be right, be sincere first. If you want to be sincere, let him know first. Know in the matter. " The "Eight Progresses", which is called "University" by later generations, is a concrete step to realize the "Three Programmes". The central link of "Eight Enters" is self-cultivation, which is the external way of self-cultivation. Sincerity and integrity are the inherent premise of self-cultivation, and housekeeping, governing the country and leveling the world are the higher-level self-realization of self-cultivation Therefore, at the end of the first article of "University", it is said that "from the emperor to Shu Ren, it is based on self-cultivation"

original text

The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection. Zhi Zhi then decided: calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; Think about it before you take it. Things start and end, and things end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.

If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; Be sincere, let him know first; Knowledge exists in things. Things are known; Knowing it is sincere; Sincerity before righteousness; Put your mind right and practice again; After the body is repaired, the family is clean and tidy; Family harmony, and then national governance; The country rules and the world is at peace. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation. Those who are chaotic and not treated will be denied. Thick is thin, thin is thick, nothing! Selected from Book of Rites, University, Pursuing Three Cardinals and Eight Orders

translate

The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people innovate and reach the most perfect state. Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end. Understand inspiration from beginning to end, and you will be close to the law of things.

In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything. Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we manage the family and family well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented. If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. Regardless of priorities, it is impossible to put the cart before the horse, and I want to do a good job!

Other explanations

The so-called "three cardinals" are well-known, close to the people and stop at perfection. It is not only the program purport of "University", but also the goal of "teaching from the world" of Confucianism. The so-called "eight eyes" refers to discipline, knowledge, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. It is not only an introductory work designed to realize the "three cardinal guides and five permanents", but also the learning of life shown to us by Confucianism.

Ladder. Looking at the Four Books and Five Classics, we find that all the theories of Confucianism actually develop along these three cardinal principles and eight orders. So, grab this.

With three cardinal guides and eight eyes, you have a key to open the door of Confucianism. Follow this learning ladder step by step and you will enter the room.

Experience the meaning of cowardice classic. As far as the ladder itself is concerned, it actually includes two aspects: internal repair and external treatment: the first four levels.

"Self-cultivation" refers to "respect for things, knowing and doing, sincerity and integrity"; The last three levels of "managing the family, governing the country and calming the world" are "external governance". And the middle "

Self-cultivation is a link between "internal cultivation" and "external treatment", which is connected with the previous "internal cultivation" project and is "independent"

Be yourself "; Linked to the later "external treatment" project, it is "good for the world." For more than two thousand years, China has divided several generations of knowledge.

Zi's "being poor is immune to oneself, and being successful is immune to oneself" (Mencius with all his heart) paved the course of life on this ladder. So,

In essence, it is not only a series of timid learning steps, but also a life pursuit ladder with strong realistic color. It casts

The personality psychology of China intellectuals from generation to generation still exerts a subtle influence on us. Whether you are or not

Consciousness is very clear. No matter whether you are positive or negative, the concepts of "personality, dedication, sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, uniformity, governance and equality" are always influencing implicitly or obviously.

Examine your thoughts and influence your actions, so that you can finally find that your life course is only near or far on the ladder of Confucianism.

Spread out slowly. In fact, as intellectuals in China, how many people are really wild crane hermits who made their debut in Buddhism? After all, it is still

It's ten people and nine Confucianism, that's all

evaluate

Generally speaking, the theory of three cardinal guides and eight orders embodies the fundamental thought of Confucianism, an ancient thinker in China. It fully affirms people's social attributes, emphasizes people's role in society and education, and concludes that a person's accomplishment (that is, what we call comprehensive quality today) is a standard to measure an achievement, which provides lofty guidance for how a person should achieve a career and what direction to take. It is this kind of thought that created the brilliant thought of China's later intellectuals, that is, "if you are rich, you will help the world, and if you are poor, you will be immune to it".

English translation/ translator/ interpreter

Three-stage and eight-stage