Although the master of law, master of law applicants. M) There is no need to face the test of LSAT. Compared with the applicants of J.D., TOEFL and other standardized language tests are still the stepping stone for most LL.M applicants.
So what is the official attitude of T25 American Law School LL? TOEFL scores require M plan? Can IELTS be admitted? Or what conditions need to be met to avoid the requirement of language achievement? How to treat the language achievement requirements given by law school? Let Yili answer these questions through this 6000-word long article full of sincerity and dry goods.
Through this chart, we can most intuitively see the summary of language requirements made by T25 American Law School LL. M project. Let's analyze the language requirements and language exemption conditions of each institution respectively.
After understanding the language scores required by law school, applicants will definitely think about one question: Is it completely unable to meet the requirements of law school? In fact, in most cases, even if the applicant's language performance does not meet the minimum requirements, the admissions officer will accept the application unless individual institutions explicitly point out that it is lower than the minimum requirements (such as the University of Chicago Law School).
In fact, there are also many cases of being admitted without meeting the minimum requirements. Generally speaking, with the lower ranking of law schools, the gap between the actual admitted language scores and the official minimum language scores will become wider and wider.
However, it should be noted that this kind of applicants will have certain disadvantages compared with other applicants who meet the minimum requirements of language performance. This requires applicants to make efforts in other aspects, strengthen their performance in English ability, and try their best to dispel the concerns of admissions officers. There are many things you can do, such as explaining in your personal statement why the language test can't reflect your English ability well, or asking your employer or teacher to show your English ability in a letter of recommendation, or what past experiences and achievements shown in your resume show your qualified English ability.
In addition, if the TOEFL fails to meet the minimum requirements, even if the application deadline has passed, Yili still suggests continuing to apply for the language test if conditions permit, and updating the new score to the law school after obtaining a higher score, which will help improve the final admission success rate.
The official statement of Yale Law School requires TOEFL scores to be at least 65,438+000, and says that IELTS scores cannot be used instead of TOEFL scores.
If the applicant's bachelor's degree or first law degree was completed in universities in the United States, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada and Singapore, and the teaching language is English, he can apply to the school for exemption from the language requirement.
The course study and related academic activities of Stanford Law School require students to have fluent English writing and language communication skills, so the official statement requires TOEFL scores of at least 65,438+000.
Applicants may apply for exemption from the language requirement if they have previously studied in English teaching institutions or widely used English in their work. Usually, applicants who have studied or worked in an English environment for more than 2 years can be exempted.
If you apply for exemption, you need to provide a formal application letter for exemption, and attach a series of materials that can prove the applicant's language ability, such as a recommendation letter from the employer or a journal article published in English.
If the admissions officer thinks that the applicant's English is not fluent enough, as one of the admission conditions, he may suggest or require the applicant to attend English training courses before LL. M formal classes. The course lasts for 6 weeks and usually begins in early July. For more information, please refer to the English Program for Foreign Students of Stanford University.
Harvard Law School officially requires TOEFL scores to be no less than 65,438+000, and other items to be no less than 25, and said that IELTS scores cannot be used instead of TOEFL scores.
If the applicant has at least two years' educational experience in a full-time university with pure English as the teaching medium, he can apply for TOEFL exemption. Exemption is not granted automatically, but when you need to apply online, you should apply for exemption.
Before attending the University of Chicago Law School, applicants need to demonstrate sufficient English communication skills. This requires the applicant to provide a TOEFL score of at least 104, or an IELTS score of at least 7.0 (not less than 7.0 for each item).
The University of Chicago Law School is very strict about language scores. If the applicant's language score does not meet the above criteria, the application will be automatically rejected and will not be considered.
If the applicant wishes to apply for language requirement exemption, he/she needs to meet any of the following conditions:
The applicant's mother tongue is English, and she has received university-level legal education in English-speaking countries.
In the past five years, I have received English legal education for at least one academic year (nine months) as a full-time student in the United States, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada (English University) and South Africa (English University).
The applicant's mother tongue is not English, but he has received university-level legal education in English teaching in India, Pakistan, Philippines, Hong Kong or Singapore, and provided the official certificate of English teaching in his university.
In addition, if the applicant does not meet the above conditions and does not want to provide language test scores, he can attach a description of the relevant language ability to his personal statement, which will be considered by the admissions officer.
The official statement of Columbia Law School is that the TOEFL score is at least 65,438+005, the reading and listening items are at least 26, and the speaking and writing items are at least 24. Columbia Law School says IELTS scores cannot replace TOEFL scores.
Applicants need to prove that they have good English ability in order to be exempted from the examination, for example, the applicant's native language is English or the teaching language of the applicant's undergraduate education is pure English. If you need to apply for exemption, the applicant needs to send an email to Columbia University Law School, with the reasons you think you can get exemption and your resume.
It should be noted that according to past experience, few applicants will be exempted. Therefore, it is suggested that applicants should be prepared to be rejected and exempted before applying, and leave enough time to prepare for TOEFL, so as to avoid that there is not enough time to test TOEFL scores after being rejected and exempted, thus affecting the application rhythm.
New york University Law School accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores. TOEFL requires a total score of at least 100, at least 26 in reading and listening, and at least 22 in speaking and writing.
IELTS requires a total score of at least 7.0, reading and listening items of at least 7.5, and speaking and writing items of at least 7.0.
In addition, the Law School of new york University also said that sometimes only providing language scores can not fully reflect the language ability of applicants, so sometimes applicants are required to attend interviews, usually in the country where the applicants are located.
If the applicant obtains the first law degree or other advanced degree from an English-speaking institution in an English-speaking country, it is not necessary to provide TOEFL or IELTS scores, but the Admissions Committee of the Law School reserves the right to require the applicant to provide language scores.
Attend LL For the M program of University of Pennsylvania Law School, you need to have qualified English skills, including quickly understanding authentic English expressions and being able to express your ideas clearly in written and oral language.
The University of Pennsylvania Law School said that there is no minimum score requirement, but the TOEFL score is usually required to be at least 65,438+000, and each score is not less than 23. The IELTS score requires a total score of not less than 7.0, and each small score is not less than 7.0.
If you want to apply for exemption from the language requirement, the applicant needs to submit an application to the University of Pennsylvania Law School. The main information includes the first law degree graduate school, mother tongue, English study and work experience (such as living in English-speaking countries and participating in English-related projects). ).
If the applicant thinks that his language performance is not up to his actual English level, he can consider attending an additional "preliminary opinion" interview. This is not a necessary requirement for the application, and additional fees may be incurred. It should be noted that taking the "preliminary view" is an additional support for the language standardization examination, not a substitute.
LL。 M students who are officially admitted to the University of Michigan Law School should have excellent English listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. TOEFL requires a total score of at least 100, and IELTS requires a total score of at least 7.0.
In addition, the University of Michigan Law School emphasizes that the above language scores are the minimum requirements, and students' language scores are generally higher than this score.
Applicants who can be exempted from the language requirement must meet the following conditions:
Citizens of Australia, Canada (except Quebec), New Zealand, Ireland, Britain and the United States.
Have completed at least 3 years of higher education in the above countries.
If applicants want to supplement their language scores, the University of Michigan Law School accepts the interview results of "InitialView" as a reference. Through this extra interview, the admissions officer can learn more about the applicant's background and future goals, as well as the applicant's English listening and speaking ability.
According to the official introduction of University of California, Berkeley Law School, TOEFL requires a total score of at least 65,438+000, and IELTS requires a total score of at least 7.0.
Applicants who meet one of the following conditions can apply for exemption in English:
As a full-time student, I have studied in an American university for at least one academic year, with a GPA of 3.0 or above.
Get a degree from a university where English is the only language of instruction.
English is the mother tongue.
The Law School of the University of Virginia does not stipulate the TOEFL total score, but it indicates the minimum requirements for each item: at least 26 points in reading and listening, at least 22 points in speaking and at least 24 points in writing. When each item is added up, the total score is not less than 98 points.
The University of Virginia Law School also accepts IELTS scores, but the requirements are higher than TOEFL, that is, IELTS scores cannot be lower than 7.5 points in each item.
Only English applicants from Australia, Canada (English-speaking area), New Zealand and the United Kingdom or applicants from South Africa (who have studied in English-teaching universities) can apply for language requirement exemption.
If applicants want to supplement their language scores, the University of Virginia Law School accepts the interview results of "InitialView" as a reference.
According to the official introduction of Pritzker Law School of Northwest University, TOEFL requires a total score of at least 65,438+000, and IELTS requires a total score of at least 7.5.
For the conditions of language level exemption, Pritzker Law School of Northwest University did not specify clearly, saying that it would be reviewed according to the actual situation. If applicants wish to apply for exemption, they can contact the admissions office directly.
Duke University Law School official said that TOEFL requires a total score of at least 100.
Although Duke University Law School indicated that it prefers TOEFL scores, it will still accept IELTS scores, which require a total score of at least 7.5.
If you want to apply for language requirement exemption, the applicant needs to meet any of the following conditions.
Mother tongue is English.
If the applicant has received at least 3 years' education in an institution in a country where the official language is English and the teaching language is English.
Cornell Law School officially stated that TOEFL and IELTS scores were accepted at the same time, but there was no clearly required minimum score.
Applicants who meet one of the following conditions may apply for exemption from language requirements.
American citizens or have permanent residency in the United States.
Citizens of Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and Canada (except Quebec).
At least two full-time academic years in the past five years have been educated in institutions in the United States, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada (English-taught) and South Africa (English-taught).
According to the official statement of Georgetown University Law Center, the total score of TOEFL should exceed 65,438+000, and the score should be no less than 25.
Although Georgetown University Law Center indicates that it prefers TOEFL scores, applicants can also submit IELTS scores. The IELTS score requires a total score of not less than 7.5 and a small score of not less than 7.0.
Applicants can explain to the law school why they can get an exemption from the English requirement through a statement document.
According to the official statement of the Law School of the University of Texas at Austin, TOEFL requires a total score of at least 10 1, and IELTS requires a total score of at least 7.5.
If the applicant's first law degree is awarded by universities in Australia, Canada (except Quebec), Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa (English-speaking universities), the United Kingdom and the United States, he can apply for exemption in English.
If the applicant's first law degree is also awarded by an English-speaking university, but not in the above-mentioned countries, the applicant can provide the English-teaching certificate of the university and then apply for English exemption.
For LL. M For students whose mother tongue is not English, the Law School recommends that they participate in a five-week academic English program. Students can improve their English fluency through this summer course, so as to ensure that they can integrate into the English classroom environment more quickly after ll. M starts school.
According to the official statement of UCLA Law School, the minimum TOEFL score is 96. Although there are minimum requirements, it shows that the total TOEFL score of the applicant is usually expected to reach 100 or above.
UCLA Law School said that it prefers TOEFL scores, but if applicants can submit IELTS scores above 7.5, they will be the same as TOEFL in the review. However, if the IELTS total score is lower than 7.5, it is still recommended to provide TOEFL scores.
If the applicant's first law degree is awarded by an English-taught institution, he can apply for exemption in English.
Van De Burg Law School officials said that there is no minimum score requirement. But the usual standard is that TOEFL score is higher than 100 or IELTS score is higher than 7.5. It means that the score of each item will also be checked, but a slightly lower score does not mean that it will be automatically rejected.
If the applicant is not sure about his language achievement, he can choose to provide the contents that add points to his English ability in his personal statement, such as his experience of living in a pure English environment, his work done in English, his articles or books published in English, etc.
Applicants whose mother tongue is not English, and whose undergraduate law degree is obtained from institutions that teach in English, can apply for English exemption.
The law school of Washington University in St. Louis accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores, but does not require any minimum standards.
The Law School of Washington University in St. Louis does not stipulate the conditions for language exemption. If the applicant thinks that he/she has the conditions for exemption from the examination, he/she can directly contact the Admissions Committee to apply.
The University of Southern California Gould Law School accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores, and it is clear that there is no minimum language score requirement.
The Gould School of Law of the University of Southern California does not stipulate the conditions for language exemption. If the applicant thinks he has the conditions for exemption from the test, he can apply.
University of Minnesota Law School accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores. The minimum TOEFL score is 80, but the school suggests that the total score 100 will be more popular. The minimum IELTS score is 6.5.
If an applicant obtains a higher education degree from an institution with English as the teaching language, he can apply for English exemption.
University of California, Irvine Law School accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores. TOEFL requires a minimum of 95 points, and IELTS requires a minimum of 6.5 points. The school said that the application is all-round, and the language test will not strictly follow the minimum score requirements.
It should be noted that in order to better examine the applicant's language ability, the interview session is a necessary condition for applying to the Law School of the University of California, Irvine. The interview method is Skype online interview or offline interview (if the applicant is in California).
Applicants who can be exempted from the language requirement must meet the following conditions:
Is a citizen of Australia, Canada (except Quebec), New Zealand, Ireland, Britain and the United States.
Have completed at least 3 years of higher education in the above countries.
According to the official statement of Boston University Law School, the total score of TOEFL should exceed 65,438+000, and the score should be no less than 25. In addition, the applicant can also provide an IELTS score of at least 7.0.
Applicants who meet one of the following conditions may apply for exemption from language requirements.
Get the first law degree in a university or college where the official language is only English and the teaching language is English.
Received more than 2 years of higher education in the United States.
The school still encourages applicants whose language scores do not meet the minimum requirements. However, in order to learn better in LL. M course, applicants may need to attend English language intensive courses.
Emory University Law School accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores. TOEFL minimum requirement 100, IELTS minimum requirement 7.0.
Emory University Law School does not stipulate the conditions for language exemption. If the applicant thinks that he/she has the conditions for exemption from the examination, he/she can directly contact the Admissions Committee to apply.
Notre Dame Law School accepts TOEFL and IELTS scores. TOEFL minimum requirement 100, IELTS minimum requirement 7.0.
If the applicant graduated from an English-taught university, he can apply for exemption in English.
According to the official statement of George Washington University Law School, the total score of TOEFL is more than 65,438+000, and the score is not less than 25.
Although George Washington University Law School indicates that it prefers TOEFL scores, applicants can also submit IELTS scores. The IELTS score requires a total score of not less than 7.5 and a small score of not less than 7.0.
Applicants can explain to the law school why they can get an exemption from the English requirement by submitting a statement.
The above is a detailed analysis of the TOEFL, IELTS and language exemption requirements of T25 American Law School. I hope every day. M Applicants can get ideal TOEFL/IELTS scores at one time and get admission to Dream Law School ~