Lu Xun (1881.9.25 ~1936.10.19) was originally named Zhou Zhangshou and later renamed Zhou Shuren. China is a modern writer, thinker, revolutionary and educator. People call it "thinking about culture and education". Guangxu was born on the third day of August (188 1 September 25th) in Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, and his ancestral home was in runan county, Henan Province. When I was a child, I enjoyed the life of a young master, and my family gradually declined and became penniless. Youth was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1898 Lu Xun changed his name from Zhou Zhangshou to Zhou Shuren. 1902 went to Japan to study at public expense. He originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College, but later he became a writer because of the war and engaged in literary and artistic work, hoping to change the national spirit (see the preface to Scream). 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother to return to China to get married, and my wife Zhu An. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. 19 18 published the vernacular novel Diary of a Madman under the pseudonym of Lu Xun. 1927 married Ms. Xu Guangping and gave birth to a boy named Zhou Haiying. 19361June19 died in Shanghai. His works were included in Complete Works of Lu Xun, His Works and Letters of Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited and revised by Lu Xun were reprinted. Later, in 198 1, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (* * * sixteen volumes) was published. In 2005, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (eighteen volumes) was published. His works are mainly novels and essays, among which Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Diary of a Madman are the most famous. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools, and novels such as Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. At the same time, his works have been translated into more than 50 languages such as English, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, French, German and Arabic, and have a wide audience all over the world.
Editing this life and creation.
Lu Xun 188 1 was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, but when 13 years old, his grandfather, who was an official in Beijing, was imprisoned for cheating in the imperial examination. Since then, my father has been ill for a long time and eventually died, and his family has fallen. Family changes have had a far-reaching impact on young Lu Xun. He is the eldest son of the family, with a lonely and weak mother and a young and weak sister in law. He must bear the burden of life with his mother. His innocent and lively childhood is over, and he has experienced the hardships of life and the changes of the world prematurely. He often takes the prescription prescribed by the doctor for his father to the pharmacy to get medicine, and takes things to the pawnshop to sell. In the past, when his family was well off, people around him looked at him enviously as a little "dude". There is kindness in his words and tenderness in his eyes. But now that my family is poor, the attitudes of people around me have changed: my words are cold, my eyes are cold, and my face is disdainful. The change of people's attitudes around him left a deep impression on Lu Xun's mind, which caused a great blow to his mind and made him feel that China at that time lacked sincere sympathy and love between people. People treat people and things with snobbery: one attitude towards the rich and powerful, another attitude towards the poor and incompetent. Many years later, Lu Xun said with great sadness: "Who fell from a well-off family to a poor situation? I think that on this road, we can probably see the true face of the world. " Introduction to screaming
The family changes and life experiences after the changes also made Lu Xun close to the lower class from his childhood. His grandmother lives in the countryside, which gives him the opportunity to get in touch with and understand the life of farmers. Especially before and after his grandfather went to prison, he had to take refuge in relatives in the countryside and live in the countryside for a long time. There, he became friends with children in the country, played with them, rowed boats, watched movies together, and sometimes "stole" beans and cooked them in their fields. There is no mutual discrimination and hatred between them, only mutual care and love. Lu Xun recorded his simple, natural, sincere and simple relationship with rural children as the best interpersonal relationship in his life.
At that time, the average scholar took three roads: one was to study and be an official. If you are not an official, you can also be a "screen friend" of bureaucrats. If the first two roads fail, you can still go into business. Lu Xun took another road that was most despised at that time: entering the "foreign school". In China at that time, it was generally regarded as a despicable activity of "selling souls to foreign devils". 1898, 18-year-old Lu Xun, who left his hometown, entered Nanjing Naval Academy with eight silver dollars raised by his loving mother, and later changed to Nanjing Road and Mine Academy. These two schools were established by the Westernization School to enrich Qiang Bing, offering courses such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, and imparting natural science knowledge. During this period, Lu Xun read works on foreign literature and social sciences and broadened his horizons. In particular, Yan Fu's translation of Huxley's Theory of Evolution, an Englishman, had a profound influence on Lu Xun. Evolution is a book introducing Darwin's theory of evolution, which makes Lu Xun realize that the real world is not harmonious and perfect, but full of fierce competition. To survive and develop, a person and a nation must have the spirit of self-reliance, independence and self-improvement. Can't be at the mercy of fate, can't be bullied by the strong.
Lu Xun's outstanding performance in Nanjing Road and Mine School gave him the opportunity to study abroad at public expense after graduation. 1902, he went to Japan, began to study Japanese at Hongwen College in Tokyo, and later entered Sendai Medical College. He chose to study medicine in order to treat patients who were victimized by quacks like his father and improve the health of China people who were ridiculed as "the sick man of East Asia". Lu Xun wanted to enlighten the people of China through medicine. But his dream didn't last long before it was shattered by the harsh reality. In Japan, as a citizen of a weak country, Lu Xun is often discriminated against by Japanese with militaristic tendencies. In their eyes, all China people are "imbeciles". Lu Xun scored 59 points in the anatomy test, so he suspected that Fujino Genkuro, the anatomy teacher, had leaked the examination questions to him. This made Lu Xun feel deeply sad as a weak country. On one occasion, in a slide show before class, Lu Xun saw a China man being beheaded by the Japanese army, while a group of China people stood by and watched. Lu Xun was greatly stimulated. This made him realize that mental numbness is more terrible than physical weakness. To change the tragic fate of the Chinese nation in the world, the first thing is to change the spirit of China people, and the first thing that is good at changing the spirit of China people is literature and art, so Lu Xun left Sendai Medical College and returned to Tokyo to translate foreign literary works, organize literary magazines, publish articles and engage in literary activities. At that time, what he discussed most with his friends was China's national character: what is the ideal human nature? What is China's national character lacking most? What is the root cause? Through this kind of thinking, Lu Xun linked his personal life experience with the fate of the whole Chinese nation, which laid the basic ideological foundation for him to become a writer and thinker later.
During his study in Japan, Lu Xun initially formed his world outlook and outlook on life. However, Lu Xun's thoughts and feelings were not only incomprehensible to most Japanese at that time, but also difficult to get a wide response from students studying in China. The foreign novels he translated can only sell dozens, and the literary magazines he organized can't be published because of lack of funds. The difficulty of family planning forced Lu Xun to return to China to find a job. From 65438 to 0909, he returned from Japan and taught in Hangzhou Zhejiang Normal School (now Hangzhou Senior High School) and Shaoxing High School. This period is a period of extreme depression of Lu Xun's thought. 19 1 1 year also excited him for a while, but then Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, zhang xun restoration and other historical scandals were constantly staged. The Revolution of 1911 did not change the stagnant reality of China, the social chaos, the national disaster, and the misfortune of personal marriage, which made Lu Xun feel depressed and depressed. After the May 4th Movement, his repressed thoughts and feelings exploded like lava through literary works. At that time, he was already working in the Ministry of Education and moved to Beijing with the Ministry of Education. family background
Date of birth: the third day of August in the seventh year of Guangxu reign (188 1 September 25th).
Birth place: Zhou Jia, Xintaimen, Dongchangfangkou, Huiji County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, formerly known as Zhang Shou, whose name is Yushan, Yuting and Yucai. At the age of 38, he took Lu Xun as his pen name.
Grandfather Zhou Fuqing (1838- 1904), formerly known as Zhou Zhifu, also known as Fu Jie. During the ten years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (187 1), Sinvik was a scholar in imperial academy, Jishi Shu. He used to be the governor of Jinyu County, Jiangxi Province, and now he is the cabinet secretary in Beijing. Later, he served as a cabinet book.
Father Zhou Boyi (186 1- 1896), whose real name is Boyi, later renamed as Yu Wen, is a scholar and lives at home. Died of tuberculosis.
Mother Lu Rui (1858- 1943), a local juren with three daughters, was born in an official family in Anqiaotou, a suburb of Shaoxing. She never studied, but she gained the ability to read books through self-study.
Family:
In Shaoxing, the Zhou family is a noble family. Not to mention being an official and doing business, the population growth alone is considerable, so by the time Lu Xun was born, the Zhou family had separated in three places and looked after each other, just like a big family. Lu Xun's grandfather Zhou was born in Hanlin. He worked as a magistrate in Jiangxi, then went to Beijing as a cabinet official and became a standard Beijing official. Shaoxing is not a big city. People like Zhou who are both academicians and Beijing officials can naturally win the respect of ordinary citizens. That quot talks about Zhoujiamen; The calligraphy "Hanlin" horizontal plaque clearly declared the special status of the Zhou family. Lu Xun is really lucky. The starting point of his long life journey is located in such a place that seems quite convenient from Xanadu.
This enabled Lu Xun to obtain a series of conditions that children from poor families could not enjoy. Forty or fifty acres of paddy fields at home, that is, Zhou Jie has never remitted a penny from Beijing, and his daily livelihood is always more than enough to drive poverty away from him. The Zhou family pays attention to reading. Zhou Jie even had the ambition to let his children and grandchildren get into the Hanlin together, and hung a plaque on the door "Uncle Hanlin between grandparents and grandchildren". The atmosphere of scholarly family is naturally quite strong. There are two bookcases in Lu Xun's home, from Notes on Thirteen Classics and Four Histories to Wang Yangming's Complete Works and Zhang Xuecheng's Literature and History. Even novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and List of Gods are crowded inside. Not only do they have books at home, but many relatives at home also have a large number of books, which are not only boring and difficult to understand, but also many interesting books that make children happy, from the illustrated "Flower Mirror" to the "Dream of Red Mansions" describing boys and girls.
On one occasion, a relative even allowed Lu Xun to rummage freely in a small room full of miscellaneous books. How amazing the expression on his face will be when he opens the door! From the age of six, Lu Xun began to study, first with his relatives, and then he was sent to the most famous city in Shaoxing, San Tan Yin Yue, to read classics, Analects of Confucius, Mencius ... and even the ancient and difficult exegetical work Er Ya Yin Zhi was reread under the guidance of the teacher. Naturally, if he wants to say it himself, he certainly won't be happy with such reading. But children don't have to worry about food and clothing when they are born, and they are influenced by scholarly family. Under the guidance of teacher Fu Xue, he can read books every day and buy his favorite books with lucky money. This is really the best condition that children in that era can enjoy. Comment on the Image of Lu Xun in The Complete Works of Lu Xun
Lu Xun's appearance: This face is a little disappointed, a little indifferent, a little indifferent, and a little compassionate. He looks austere, upright and calm. However, there is romance and playfulness in his bones. When he took pictures, he basically didn't make any expression, just looked at the camera, meaning "what, I am like this!" " He looks very much like himself, very May 4th, very China and very modern, so Mr. Lu Xun's looks really match him, his literature, his temper, his fate and his position.
Face: yellow with white, very thin.
Hair: one inch long and straight.
Robe: yellow teeth, made of feather yarn.
Beard: Li Shu "I" shape
Personality: integrity, seriousness and stubbornness.