1. The macro environment of college students' entrepreneurship.
The degree of market development, the international status of the government, the credibility and work efficiency, the effectiveness of the financial market, the perfection of the labor market and the soundness of the legal system of a country or region constitute the external macro environment of a new venture, which has an important impact on its survival and development. Specifically, the macro-environment of entrepreneurship includes: political, legal and policy environment, economic environment, social and cultural environment, science and technology and educational environment, referred to as PEST analysis. Pest environmental system does not work in isolation, it forms a resultant force of influence around entrepreneurs.
The evaluation of regional environment by college entrepreneurs should mainly consider the following factors: the familiarity of entrepreneurs with the region; How influential entrepreneurs are in this region; What impact the proposed enterprise will have on the region; Do entrepreneurs have special interpersonal skills to cultivate key regional relations? What practical steps have been taken to strengthen regional support and maximize local entrepreneurial opportunities; What practical steps should be taken to reduce regional antagonism and minimize local problems?
Any new venture must be classified into one industry or several industries, so industry analysis is very important for new ventures. Generally speaking, the analysis of the industry environment of new enterprises mainly focuses on two issues: one is the degree of competition in the industry, and the other is
Changing trend; The second is the life cycle of the industry. American scholar Michael Porter's five-force model reflects the environmental factors of new ventures. He believes that market competitors, potential entrants, suppliers, consumers and substitute producers now determine the competitiveness of an enterprise and constitute the environmental factors of the industry.
2. Micro-environment of college students' entrepreneurship.
Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle. The above introduces the analysis of the external environment of the enterprise. In fact, "knowing yourself" is more important than "knowing yourself". Therefore, entrepreneurs should never forget their strengths and weaknesses when looking for and analyzing external opportunities. Only by organically combining advantages with external opportunities can entrepreneurship succeed. The internal environment is the general name of all kinds of entrepreneurial elements and resources such as personnel, funds, facilities, technology, products, production, management and operation within the entrepreneurial organization. The internal environment is the home of entrepreneurs and the foundation of entrepreneurial activities. We should find out our own advantages and disadvantages from the aspects of entrepreneurial team, capital and its source, product competitiveness, technical development level, production technology, market channel ability and supply.
Second, the favorable factors affecting college students' self-employment
1, national and local policy support. The state encourages college students, graduate students and scientific and technological personnel to set up private scientific and technological enterprises, and has issued a series of supporting policies and measures. The Ministry of Education issued "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Implementing the CPC Central Committee and the State Council", stipulating that "college students and graduate students can drop out of school, keep their school status and start high-tech enterprises. College students have no funds to start a business and are allowed to participate in entrepreneurship with their technological achievements and other intellectual capital. " Many provinces and cities in China have also formulated a series of policies and measures to support and encourage college graduates to start businesses, such as welcoming overseas students to return to China to start businesses, reducing and exempting college students' business taxes and fees, and subsidizing low-interest loans for college students to start businesses.
2. Use your professional knowledge flexibly. Many college students pay attention to accumulating practical experience during their school days, and they actively participate in extracurricular practical activities, laying a preliminary foundation for college graduates to start their own businesses. Various business plan competitions are in full swing in China, and many students stand out from them, and students' entrepreneurship immediately reaches a climax. For example, students majoring in cross-border e-commerce in Wuxi Business Vocational and Technical College stood out in the cross-border e-commerce entrepreneurship competition held in Wuxi, seized the opportunity to make their e-commerce enterprises bigger and stronger, and finally succeeded in starting a business.
3. Opportunities in the knowledge age. 2 1 century is the era of knowledge economy, and knowledge has become a new resource of social production. College students are or will be the main owners and operators of knowledge capital. Although they lack tangible capital such as monetary capital when starting a business, they can start a business with intellectual capital, because: first, the existing policy allows intellectual capital to be converted into a considerable proportion of tangible capital, and they can participate in investment and start industries in the form of equity; Second, we can also raise venture capital by attracting venture capital; Third, the emergence of network economy, virtual economy and other economic forms has created conditions for college students to start their own businesses.
Third, the unfavorable factors for college students to start their own businesses.
1. Entrepreneurship education in universities is relatively backward. Although as early as 1999, the state pointed out in the "Action Plan for Revitalizing Education Facing the 2 1 Century": "Strengthen the entrepreneurship education of teachers and students and encourage them to set up high-tech enterprises independently". However, at present, most colleges and universities have not adjusted their teaching accordingly, and still stay in employment education. The slow development of entrepreneurship education leads to students' ignorance of China's entrepreneurial environment, lack of entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, and inability to stimulate students' entrepreneurial passion.
2. The imperfect entrepreneurial environment in China. It is understood that in the GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Watch) survey of 37 countries and regions around the world, China's entrepreneurial environment only ranks 23rd, which belongs to the lower-middle level. There are many problems in the entrepreneurial environment, including start-up capital support, entrepreneurship education and training, business environment and so on. The entrepreneurial environment of the whole society is not perfect, and it is even more difficult for college students to start their own businesses.
3. The social recognition of college students' entrepreneurship is not enough. According to the traditional social concept in China, after graduating from college, it is natural to go to government institutions or large companies to be "white-collar workers". However, when college students start their own businesses after graduation, especially in traditional industries, there will be rumors that college students have problems with their personal abilities and can't find a job before starting a business; Once it fails, it will often be pressured by public opinion from all sides. College students' entrepreneurship has not been fully recognized and supported by society, families and schools, and there are not many universities and parents who explicitly encourage college students' entrepreneurship. Few college students promote entrepreneurship to the society or entrepreneurs promote entrepreneurship to colleges and universities, which makes the public opinion atmosphere of entrepreneurship not strong.
Faced with these unfavorable factors, we call on the government, universities and other relevant departments to actively guide college students to establish the concept of "employment first, then entrepreneurship". On the one hand, facing the severe employment situation and the upgrading and transformation of economic structure, college students' entrepreneurship is an inevitable requirement of social and economic development. First of all, colleges and universities should generally carry out entrepreneurship education, so that college students generally have entrepreneurial awareness and generally realize that entrepreneurship is an indispensable means of making a living; On the other hand, due to lack of social experience and other reasons, the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship is extremely low. Once the venture fails, it will be a great blow to college students who have just entered the society. Therefore, we should not blindly encourage college students to start businesses, but actively guide them to get jobs first, pay attention to accumulating social experience and venture capital, and then choose the right opportunity to start businesses when conditions permit, so as to improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
At the same time, local governments and universities can jointly build a service platform system for college students' entrepreneurship to provide targeted services for college students at different stages of entrepreneurship. Through the construction of college students' entrepreneurship service platform system, it can provide targeted support for college students' entrepreneurship and make up for many shortcomings such as college students' inability to make full use of social resources. Measures should also be taken to realize the connection between entrepreneurial service platforms, especially the connection between entrepreneurial parks that provide support for college students' entrepreneurial simulation on campus and entrepreneurial incubation bases established by the government. The whole service platform system can provide policy support for the difficulties that start-ups pay more attention to, such as opening up markets, establishing entrepreneurial teams, improving the quality of entrepreneurs, and financing venture capital.