Postscript 1 is a supplementary explanation given to readers on the relevant issues in books, periodicals or articles after the end of the text. Editing, writing, translation and proofreading, newspapers, periodicals, works and articles can all have postscript. Postscript of translation can also be called postscript or postscript. What editors write is called postscript, which is widely used in newspapers and periodicals, and information books are also common. The postscript of the publication is for the whole issue and an article. For the whole content, it can be roughly divided into two categories:
One is about works. Or recommend excellent works, comment on new people, and attract social attention; Or ask questions from the work and invite readers to discuss; Or make editorial comments on some works. It aims to expand the influence of writers and works. The other is mainly to explain the editing business, sometimes to explain some problems, sometimes to put forward some requirements, and sometimes to reveal some ideas. It aims to win readers' understanding and cooperation.
If the content of the postscript is more important, or the editor thinks it should be made known to readers as soon as possible, it can also appear in the form of preface and preface. For a single article, it can also be roughly divided into two categories:
One is to explain the author or work and provide some materials to understand the text.
One is to use the topic to explain the editor's point of view, which can sometimes be written as a random feeling or a short comment.
Both can guide reading. For a single article, the postscript and the editor's note are close in content and writing. Which style to adopt mainly depends on the editor's attitude. If it is emphasized, the editor's note is generally appropriate. The key to writing a good postscript is to have feelings and something to remember. For this reason, responding to the situation, empty sentences or insincere words will only make people feel bored, so it is better not to write. Facts have proved that only by doing it well can you remember it well. If the editor does not have a firm policy, the publication does not have its own personality, and the comments do not have a keen eye, it is likely that a good postscript will not be written.
Practical writing 2 High school composition writing skills: practical writing methods The following are the high school composition writing skills compiled for everyone: practical writing methods, I hope you like them!
problem solving
Practical writing is a common style that is directly used to solve practical problems in daily life, study and work, such as official documents, notices, letters, advertisements and receipts. Everyone should master it, so learn to write practical writing.
Rio
Why learn to write practical writing?
We can understand it through a story. A meteorological school graduate nicknamed "Writer" was assigned to work in a county with frequent floods, and the county asked him to report the floods at the hydrological station in the upper reaches of Liema River. The water level of Liema River fluctuates greatly during the flood season, so the county should arrange flood control affairs according to the report of the upstream hydrological station. Shortly after the "writer" arrived at the station, he sent back the first water report to the county. When the county magistrate saw it, the report was full of descriptions of the hydrological station, such as "the green hills stand upright and point to the blue sky" and "the ravine is as deep as a bottomless pit". The county magistrate smiled, put the report in the folder to do other things, and said to himself, "This child is really ignorant. How can I appreciate his landscape description?" When the county magistrate went outside the office, he thought, "The author" wrote a "flood report", so he didn't say anything about the flood, did he? So the county magistrate returned to the office and took out the "writer's" report from the document folder and read it again. At the end of it, he saw himself writing: "It rained cats and dogs yesterday, and the water level in Mali rose. The mountains are foggy and the rainfall is 400 ml. " The magistrate gasped at the sight; "Oh, fortunately, I saw this report again. Hey, 400 ml of crazy rain, the water level of the Liema River rose by 4 meters, which is a catastrophic flood. " He almost ran out of the office, called all the prefectural organs, and organized the villages and towns along the Liema River to prevent floods. On the dam of Liema River, there are people during the day. Everyone is busy lifting the soil and heightening the dam. There are also dams with lights at night, so they are still working. But the flood season has never come. The county magistrate had to send someone to the upstream hydrological station to understand the situation, only to know that it was a "writer" who only remembered to make up words and scribble, and wrote "four milliliters of rainfall" as "four hundred milliliters", which was expanded by a hundred times. The county magistrate called the "writer" back and severely criticized it. After a while, the writer didn't hear the voice of the county magistrate. He slowly raised his head and saw the county magistrate reclining asleep. It turned out that the county magistrate saw the misinformation of the "writer" and did not eat, drink or sleep for 24 hours. Now, as soon as he relaxed, he couldn't support it any longer and fell asleep. The "writer" looked at the sleeping county magistrate and bowed his head in shame at the thought of the loss caused by his unqualified report.
This story shows that applied writing is an important tool. The practical writing of office affairs is called official document, also known as official document. The State Council General Office's Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Organs says, "Official documents of state administrative organs are an important tool to convey and implement the principles and policies of the party and the state, issue administrative regulations and rules, ask for instructions and answer questions, guide and negotiate work, report information and exchange experiences." Practical writing used in private affairs is called private official document, which is an important tool for people to contact feelings, exchange information, exchange ideas, help each other and engage in social interaction. The students in this meteorological school don't understand the difference between practical writing and literary works, the purpose and requirements of practical writing, and lack a serious and meticulous attitude, which has caused great waste of manpower and material resources and great harm to the county. This shows the importance of learning to write practical writing from the opposite side.
For students, learning to write practical writing is also a learning task, because the "Chinese Teaching Outline for Primary Schools" promulgated by the State Education Commission also clearly stipulates that primary school students should learn the simplest practical writing. Such as notes, notices, letters, diaries, investigation reports, meeting minutes, instructions, blackboard newspaper drafts, etc. Learning to write practical writing is one of the writing skills that primary school students must master, because learning this practical writing ability will better serve the society and contribute to the country in the future.
operation instruction
To write practical writing well, we should make clear the purpose and characteristics of practical writing in specific operations.
The purpose of practical writing lies in practicality, that is, analyzing practical problems until they are solved. Official practical writing is a tool for leadership and guidance. All practical writing either promotes an advanced thought or behavior or criticizes backward phenomena; Or play the role of mutual contact and mutual understanding; Or exchange information, grasp trends, and study countermeasures; Or act as a voucher. In short, for practical application.
Since the purpose of applied writing is application, it has its own characteristics. If you require a correct view, strengthen your body and eliminate evil spirits; The content should be true, one is one, the other is two, and it can't be fictional like writing a novel; The language should be accurate and concise, and it is forbidden to describe it indiscriminately. It has a certain form. That is, practical writing has formed its own special program and relatively fixed format in the long years. If the format is wrong, it will be criticized.
Training and training
Letter is one of the commonly used applied styles. Please write a letter to your relatives or friends after reading the following examples. Please pay attention to the format of this letter.
Article 3 The purpose of writing an author's biography is to publicize the author, expand his influence and make him more widely known and recognized by the society. At the same time, it also provides convenience for readers to understand the works correctly. Mr. Lu Xun once said: If: Problems in My Life College Entrance Examination English Composition: I and the Olympic Games 20xx English Cover Letter Sample Summary of New Curriculum Training for All English Teachers in Grade One of Senior High Schools in the City 20xx English Majors' Cover Letter and Practice Letter for English Majors' Graduates High School Composition Material: Practical Writing Skills for Examination Room Composition Material
The author's biography is a miniature biography that introduces the main historical facts in the author's life and the main achievements in his creation and research activities with concise words. Readers can not only understand the author's age, unit and occupation from a horizontal perspective, but also observe the footprints left by the author on the road of life and creation from a vertical perspective.
When writing a biography, the author should pay attention to the following points:
First, pay attention to stability. Books, in particular, are more likely to be reprinted and should be handed down for a long time. Therefore, some unstable materials, such as the author's current position and the works being written, should not be written in the biography.
Second, we should pay attention to accuracy. The contents of biographies are all historical materials, and some of them may be widely quoted. Once they are inaccurate, they are easily misinformed and lead to confusion. Therefore, the compilation of the author's biography should be based on reliable materials and necessary textual research.
Third, we should pay attention to moderate restrictions. In particular, the evaluation of the author and his works must be realistic. You can't abuse famous and outstanding adjectives and wear the laurels of famous artists and rookies.
In addition, the author's biography should also work hard on the fine print: small, concise, solid and meaningful. In terms of writing, it is best to have less color in your resume. The writer's biography is also to introduce and recommend talents to the society. It is not only serious and calm, but also full of enthusiasm and touching. The biography written in this way can make people feel reliable, readable and amiable.
General biographies and autobiographies have the same basic principles as the author's biographies, but they are richer in content and more diverse in writing.
[for example]
Han Yu (768-824) was born in Nanyang, Dengzhou (now Nanyang, Henan). Childhood poverty and loneliness, raised by her sister-in-law. Studying hard, he was admitted to the Jinshi in 792 AD. In 8 17 AD, the Prime Minister Pei Du led other generals, and appointed Pinghuai as the western buffer region and Han Yu as the marching Sima. In 8 19 AD, Tang Xianzong (Spring Calendar) was demoted to Chaozhou (now Guangdong) because he refused to welcome Buddha's bones. He was a famous essayist and poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the main leaders of the ancient cultural movement. He strongly opposed the style of writing that pursued flowery rhetoric and unorthodox classics since the Six Dynasties. He has made great achievements in prose, opposed to blindly imitating the old saying and advocated the originality of prose language. He advocates that the article should be written smoothly and grammatically. His works include The Collection of Han Changli.
Essentials of Practical Writing Part IV:
1, according to the needs of life, write daily practical writing.
2, the writing of practical writing, to achieve the correct format, accurate language.
Exam description:
Practical writing is a kind of articles with direct use value and certain idiomatic style when state organs, social organizations and people handle official and personal affairs in their daily life, work and study. It includes formal legal documents and general applied writing.
Compared with other applied styles, practical writing has the following characteristics:
First of all, in form, practical writing has a fixed idiomatic style, a stable format, a standardized arrangement and a complete and rigorous structural form. For example, a letter generally consists of five parts: title, text, message, signature and date, and usually will not be changed at will.
Secondly, the content should be accurate and targeted. Or put forward problems that need to be solved, or introduce, summarize and explain the actual situation in the work. When you write, you must clearly state the time, place, basic situation, cause of the matter, treatment methods or measures. In addition, the time requirement is extremely strict and timely, because practical writing is written to solve problems.
Third, in terms of language, it is required to be accurate, plain, easy to understand and concise. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: official documents are not necessarily good articles, but they must be clearly written, very clear, well-organized and fluent, so that people can understand exactly what you are saying. Most practical writing should not be descriptive and lyrical, and adjectives should not be piled up; Fiction and exaggeration are not allowed, even if there is a description, its purpose must be to illustrate the problem. Practical writing often uses some special words and terms. In addition, practical writing also uses coordinate phrases, prepositional phrases and some classical Chinese sentences in language.
Practical writing can be divided into four categories: the first category is official documents, including notices, resolutions, instructions, instructions, etc., which are used by party and government organs, mass organizations, enterprises and institutions in official activities. The second category is paperwork, including plans, summaries, reports, contracts, etc. It is a tool to exchange information, complete a task and solve problems. The third category is scientific research application literature, including academic papers, graduation papers, scientific research reports, etc. , is an important style for scientific research and description of research results. The fourth kind of daily practical writing includes letters, diaries and telegrams. This practical writing is frequently used, so it is very important for middle school students to learn this practical writing.
The practical writing that junior middle school should master includes: notice, circular, telegram, remittance, letter of introduction, commendation letter, open letter, proposal, application, thank-you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, congratulatory letter, meeting minutes, contract, civil complaint, plan, convention, poster, blackboard newspaper, scientific and technological report, product specification and condolence letter. The following is an interview on practical writing from three aspects: format, structure and language.
1, the format of practical writing
Practical writing has a conventional format. With the format, it is not only clear, but also has rules. This provides a lot of convenience for reading and writing practical writing and dealing with problems. Moreover, the formats of some practical texts have direct guiding function or legal constraints. Therefore, writing practical writing must follow the common formats of various practical writing. Take telegrams, notices, circulars, applications, thank-you letters, letters of commendation, congratulatory letters, suggestions, proposals and ordinary letters as examples:
(1) About addressing. There is no need to write a salutation at the beginning of the notice. If the title has clearly informed the object, it will not be called. The other eight appellations require capitalization, and the appellation must be followed by a colon, and the appellation cannot be in one line.
(2) About the first line of the text. Only the first line of the telegram text is written in the top box, and the rest are written in two blank boxes.
(3) About addressing. At the end are: suggestions, proposals, notices, telegrams and notices. Tribute must be written at the end: congratulatory letter, application, thank-you letter, commendation letter and general letter. Tribute can't be written on the same line as other contents.
Salute must be written on a separate top line. After saluting, punctuation marks are generally not used, and you can only write exclamation marks if you want to write.
(4) About signature and date. Only the signature of the telegram is closely connected with the text, and the rest can be signed on the right.
Only the telegram does not write the date of dispatch, and the rest must be dated next to the signature. When writing the date, Chinese characters and Arabic numerals should be consistent and cannot be mixed.
Today, it's MINUS seven degrees, seven, my lucky number, but I always forget it. Just like reality, I was forgotten in my life, leaving me alone to face this early winter. The gray sky, the sadness of falling flowers, a silvery white trace across the sky.
The midnight cold is still heavy, and the filar silk penetrates the clothes, goes deep into the bone marrow and slowly disappears the body temperature. The air in the world seems to be filtered in the snow, and the coolness is compelling, perhaps it is chill, like the upside-down sea drowning me in the air. Even if I am shivering with cold, I don't want to add clothes. I like the feeling of cold, let cold air pass through my body, stimulate my nerves and cells, and let me feel my existence more clearly than before. Born tired of warmth, but eager.
Accustomed to a person's memories, the sky is white and tangled in my heart alone. Maybe someone will think like me, or maybe I'm the only one. Standing in the same place, watching time flow through my body, I want to turn back. I know I'm off track, but I can't go back. Anyone is, when we step on the footsteps of youth, we forget everything. So it was just me. A person desperately needs something but can't get it. When he has the ability, he will try his best to make up for it. This year's snow seems to be the same. It can't wait to fall just in September, no matter whether it rains. Watching snowflakes fall on your hair, it's a little silvery white, thinking about the perfection of water. It's very cold.
Reality made me so sober and abandoned me. A gorgeous turn left me covered in dust. Let my soul stare at my body every day, numb.