[Edit this paragraph] Personal profile (1332 ~ 1385) The founding military commander of the Ming Dynasty. The word Tiande, Han nationality, was born in Lizhong, Zhou Hao (now northeast of Fengyang, Anhui). Born in a peasant family, he has little ambition. In the 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1353), Xu Da joined the Guo Zixing Department of the Peasant Uprising Army and joined Zhu Yuanzhang. From Chuzhou (now Anhui), Hezhou (now Hexian) and other places, he has both wisdom and courage, and has outstanding military achievements, ranking above the generals. In fifteen years, he crossed the river from Zhu Yuanzhang, quarried stones, went to Taiping (now Dangtu) and captured thousands of households in Naha. Following the rate of the army, Liyang and Lishui (now all belong to Jiangsu) were taken. The following year, from Zhu Yuanzhang Ke Jiqing (now Nanjing), he set out, ordered the general to take Zhenjiang, gave orders to Su Ming, and conferred the title of Marshal Xingyi. In seventeen years, he led an army to conquer Changzhou, divided his troops and took Changshu, Jiangyin and other places to stop Zhang Shicheng, the leader of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Zhou Dynasties, from moving westward. The following year, he stayed in Yingtian (now Nanjing) and was promoted to be a general of the country, knowing the Privy Council. In May of the 20th year, Chen Youliang, the leader of the Han regime in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, attacked Chizhou (now Guichi, Anhui Province), while Xu Da and Chang Yuchun, commander-in-chief of the Central Wing, ambushed at the foot of Jiuhua Mountain and captured Chen Yu alive. And from Zhu Yuanzhang should ambush at the gate, defeated the Chen Youliang army, captured more than 7000 people. Twenty-one years, from Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) led the troops first, forcing Chen Youliang to quit Wuchang and catch up with Hanyang, and was promoted to Zhongshu Youcheng. In the 23rd year, he helped Anfeng (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), defeated Lu Zhen of Zhang Shicheng Department, and moved to Luzhou (now Hefei) to help Hongdu (now Nanchang). In the battle of Poyang Lake, he took the lead and defeated the Chen Youliang army striker, killing 1500 people, which greatly boosted morale. Twenty-four years, left. Re-led the troops to Keluzhou, and then sent troops to Keliangling (now Jingsha, Hubei) and Chenzhou (now Yuanling, Hunan) to pacify the rest of Chen Youliang. Twenty-five years later, he led his teacher eastward, followed Zhu Yuanzhang's plan to conquer Huaidong first, then occupy western Zhejiang, then break Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and attack Zhang Shicheng and Taizhou. The following year, Kegaoyou, Huai 'an, Xinghua (now Jiangsu) and other places were notified to Huaidong. In August of the same year, he led 200,000 sailors from Taihu Lake into Huzhou (now Zhejiang), defeated Zhang Shicheng Army several times, and forced defenders Li Bosheng and Zhang Tianqi to surrender and enter the city. 1 1 month, soldiers were transferred to the north to surround Pingjiang, and military discipline was declared, prohibiting looting of people's property. Twenty-seven years in September, the rate of soldiers to break the city, but Zhang Shicheng. Teachers also believe in the Lord protector. 10, Xu Da was ordered to lead a 250,000-strong army to the Northern Expedition of the Yuan Army, winning Lien Chan's victory, forcing Yuan Jinan Shoujiang Dourgen to surrender and occupy Shandong. In March of the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), he marched into Henan, and took Zuo Junbi and Zhu Chang from the capital of song dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan) in order to reduce the yuan. Following the defeat of 50,000 soldiers in Tal Bay (now in Yanshi), Wang Aruwen was forced to surrender to the city and make peace. The rotating army took Tongguan and Huazhou (now hua county, Shaanxi Province) to the west. In May, when Zhu Yuanzhang went to bid for the capital of song dynasty, he invited him to take Du Yuan. Leap in July, move north, even KeWeiHui (now Henan), CiZhou (now CiXian, Hebei). In Linqing (now Shandong), the army went north along the canal, defeated the Yuan army in Hexi (now northwest of Wuqing, Hebei), and breached Tongzhou (now Tongxian, Beijing), forcing Yuan Shundi to go north. On the second day of August, Governor Ke Dadu (now Beijing) overthrew the Yuan Dynasty. Seize the victories in Kezhending (now Zhengding, Hebei Province) and Huaiqing (now Qinyang, Shanxi Province). When Timur heard that he was going to expand his profile from Taiyuan and lead an army out of Yanmen to attack Peiping (now Beijing), he consulted with all the generals and used tactics of criticizing Kang and playing tricks to force him to expand his profile and return to the division for rescue. The selected soldiers raided their camp at night, forcing the expansion rate to be 18, capturing 40,000 people, taking Taiyuan and occupying Shanxi. In two years, he sent troops into Shaanxi, forced Yuan to surrender, cut Yuan into Zhang Silk Road and leveled Shaanxi. In three years, he led the troops to Dingxi (now Gansu) and captured more than 86,000 generals in the Yuan Dynasty. Because of his achievements, he granted the prime minister Zhongshu the right to join the army and became the Duke of Wei. The following year, he guarded Beiping, trained military forces, repaired the city, and always led the northern army. Five years, and Li Wenzhong, Sheng Feng for the left and right lieutenant, each rate of 50 thousand, riding a shunt levy North Yuan. Since taking the middle road lightly, Lingbei (now Mongolian Hal and Lin) was ambushed by the North Yuan Army, and more than 10,000 divisions were lost. The following year, the general returned to fight and defeated the Yuan army in Dala Lake (now Dalainuoer Lake in Inner Mongolia). Go back to Beiping and guard the border. Xu Da was resolute, brave, cautious and disciplined all his life. He unified the army for many times and moved to the north and south, and was praised by Zhu Yuanzhang as the "Great Wall of Wan Li" (Record of Ming Taizu 17 1).
[Edit this paragraph] The story of Xu Da and Zhu Yuanzhang Xu Da is one of the heroes of Zhu Yuanzhang's farmland. Zhu Yuanzhang, the great emperor of the Ming Dynasty, has always been extremely wary of many heroes who helped him lay the world. One day, Zhu Yuanzhang summoned Xu Da to play chess again, and asked Xu Da to play chess with real skill. Xu Da had to bite the bullet and play chess with the emperor. This game of chess was not tied from morning till noon. As Zhu Yuanzhang was smug about eating Xu Da's two sons, Xu Da did not move.
Zhu Yuanzhang proudly asked, "Why did the general hesitate?"
Xu Da plopped down on his knees and replied, "Please look at the big picture carefully."
Zhu Yuanzhang took a closer look, only to find that the pieces on the chessboard had been replaced by "Long live" by Xu Da. When Zhu Yuanzhang was happy, he gave the Qilou to Xu Da, the later Qilou, together with Mochou Lake Garden. [Edit this paragraph] According to legend, Zhu Yuanzhang gave him a big bowl of roast goose for fear that Xu Da would threaten the imperial court. Xu Da doesn't eat roast goose on weekdays because she is sensitive to roast goose. But if the emperor gives it, you have to eat it. As a result, under the exchange of tears, all the roasted geese given by Zhu Yuanzhang were eaten up. Then the whole body festered and died. There is also a saying that Xu Da was born with a tumor and could not eat geese. Zhu Yuanzhang was partial to roast goose, but Xu Da knew what Zhu Yuanzhang meant and ate all the roast geese that Zhu Yuanzhang gave him and died.
Eating roast goose may not kill you, but the emperor gave roast goose a gift of death. So some people say that he didn't die after eating the goose, so he committed suicide by taking poison. What a loyal minister!
However, some people think that Xu Da, the first general, died of illness in the seventeenth year of Hongwu (1384), which is considered to be a natural death.
(Many books record that Xu Da couldn't eat steamed goose after he got sick, but Zhu Yuanzhang steamed goose for him, and Xu Da swallowed his anger and died. This statement is not very credible.
Xu Da was not only an important general of Zhu Yuanzhang, but also saved Zhu Yuanzhang's life in Hezhou. Killing him is not good for Zhu Yuanzhang, and he keeps a low profile and never shows off. To say the least, even if Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to kill Xu Da, there was no need to use such a stupid method. Someone can prescribe some poison and then send two security guards to solve the problem. Why kill Xu Da for the steamed goose in such a blatant way?
Xu Da was an outstanding general in the Ming Dynasty. He comes from a civilian background, but he is a military genius. He started as a soldier, fought side by side with Zhu Yuanzhang, and grew into the best general in the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty in the cruel war. He is good at commanding large legions. Shentong was resourceful and generous. After dozens of battles, he won the battle and took the attack. The battle with Wang Baobao, the first general in the Northern Yuan Dynasty, was the peak of his military career. )-"Those things in the Ming Dynasty"
He told us that an ordinary person can become an all-around star through his own efforts.
And his brilliant exploits and legendary experience also tell you:
I Xu Da deserve the first place! [Edit this paragraph] Tombstone of Xu Da's Tomb Tombstone of Xu Wenda's Tomb "I only have the emperor's world, I will be loyal to famous officials, and I will help a generation of Wang Ye. Therefore, my life has a name, my death has a gift, my children and grandchildren have a title, and I will rest in peace with my country in infinity. Today, the founding of the People's Republic of China boosted the city and promoted the military ministers, especially Dr. Guanglu, Zuo, Tai Fu, Wei Guogong and Xu Da, who joined the army as a state, with wisdom and courage as pillars. Because of the chaos in the Yuan Dynasty, you came forward to pay me back. I am so resourceful and confident that I have unified millions of teachers. Invincible, invincible. This is a hurricane and a rainstorm, and it is an arduous task. I am Dabao, and my merits are rewarded. I use Jue Er to go to the public and give me a big reward. I still stayed in the north without being plundered. Believe it or not, I am the founding father of North Korea. The party is fortunate to have a distant age in order to enjoy extraordinary reports. Who knows the stars will die, but I will bow my head. How can we forget the past and the present? Although life and death are common, today's contribution to the Zongshe, which is famous for its bamboo silk, shines on predecessors and returns to future generations, so there is no regret. After sealing the code, don't lift it? In particular, I was named the king of Zhongshan, Wuning and all three kings, and I was named Mrs. Wang. " [Edit this paragraph] After Xu Da's people defected to Zhu Yuanzhang, Xu Da not only fought bravely, but also "made a little progress with Wang Ba all the time" ("Li Zhi: sequel, Volume 3, Biography of Founding Hero Xu Gongchuan"), assisted Zhu Yuanzhang to collect several landlord armed forces in Dingyuan, captured Chuzhou, Hehe and other places, and was awarded the title of Zhen Fu by Zhu Yuanzhang. At this point, Zhu Yuanzhang was just a leader of Guo Zixing's team. "When a general treats barbarians, he will be unwilling", while Xu Da, Tang He and others are "very restrained" (Fengyang Fuzhi (18), a figure), which helps him gradually establish his prestige. Soon, Guo Zixing clashed with another leader, Sun Deya, and arrested Sun Deya, who detained Zhu Yuanzhang. Xu Da stepped forward and became a hostage in Sun Deya's army in exchange for Zhu Yuanzhang. It was not until Guo Zixing released Sun Deya that he was released. Zhu Yuanzhang was therefore very grateful to him and trusted him more. After the death of Guo Zixing, Zhu Yuanzhang commanded the whole army, crossed the Yangtze River in the south, captured quarrying and Taiping, and attempted to attack Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Xu Da "competed with Chang Yuchun for the crown, but he was pregnant" (Chajizuo: Biography of Evidence, Volume 8, Xu Da), and became Zhu Yuanzhang's most trusted warrior. Since then, the unified army has "outlined Jianghan, Qing Huai Chu", defeated Chen Youliang troops, and was promoted to company commanders and generals; And "electricity sweeps the west of Zhejiang" to capture Pingjiang (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and destroy Zhang Shicheng forces; Later, he was appointed as General Lu, led the Northern Expedition, "swept the Central Plains", recovered the capital (now Beijing), and "megatron, went straight to the Great Wall" (A Record of Ming Taizu (17 1)), thus completing the important task of overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty and unifying the North.
Xu Da had no chance to go to school since he was a child, but he had a strong thirst for knowledge. Whenever troops go out to war, they often "delay the ceremony of Confucian scholars and talk about the ancient art of war" (ibid.). On the day of returning to Korea, he often "abandoned his bicycle, delayed the ceremony of Confucian scholars, and talked about it all day long" (Ming History 125 Biography of Xu Da), so he was familiar with the ancient art of war. He is also good at training his military talents through war, and has the ability to control the development and changes of the whole war and superb command art. He is not only brave in combat, but also "especially good at strategy" (A Record of Ming Taizu (17 1). For example, after the capture of Dadu in the first year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Sun Xingzu to stay, while Xu Da and Chang Yuchun captured Shanxi. The Yuan Shundi faction who fled to the north expanded Timur from Taiyuan to the north, left Yanmenguan and entered Juyongguan to attack Peiping. Hearing this, Xu Da said to the generals, "If you expand your profile and fly away, Taiyuan will be empty. The existence of Sun DuDu in Peiping is enough to control it. Today, taking advantage of the enemy's surprise, I went straight to Taiyuan, unable to retreat. The so-called criticism of arrogant people is also true. " (The History of Ming Dynasty 125 Biography of Xu Da) So he led his troops straight to Taiyuan, expanded Timur and rushed to save Li. As a result, he was ambushed by Xu Da at night and fled Ningxia.
Xu Da is strict in running the army. He not only asked his subordinates to obey orders, but also forbade them to harass the people. "Disobeying orders and disturbing people, killing for personal gain" (Record of Ming Taizu 17 1). He also paid attention to giving preferential treatment to prisoners in order to divide and disintegrate the enemy. Whoever captures enemy soldiers and spies, he "uses goodness for his own use" (Ming History 125 Biography of Xu Da). Therefore, he led troops to war, especially in the process of leading the army to the Northern Expedition, which often appeared that "there were fewer military surveyors and more people died first" (Volume 8 of Northern Expedition of the Central Plains in Ming Dynasty).
As an outstanding general, Xu Da not only has excellent military talents, but also has many excellent moral qualities. He is strict with himself and can share joys and sorrows with his soldiers. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, many people lived a luxurious life once they joined the army, that is, "taking more children's jade and silk is immoral" (:Lu). However, after Xu Da captured Pingjiang and Dadu, he "sealed the treasury of Gusu, bought beautiful goods of Hu Palace without taking them, and the women had no love" (Xian Juan Wu Jin: Wei Gong Xu Gong Da). Xu Da usually lives in a low-humidity and narrow house in Nanjing. Zhu Yuanzhang tried to change a better house for him several times, but he refused, saying, "The world is uncertain, how dare you take home as your plan?" ("A Record of Ming Taizu" (Volume 17 1)) When he was fighting, he was short of food and his foot soldiers did not have enough to eat. He doesn't eat or drink, and he doesn't go into the camp to rest. When the foot soldiers were sick and injured, he visited them and sent them to the hospital. "Scholars are grateful for death, so they can overcome it" (Ming History 125 Biography of Xu Da).
Xu Da's "wisdom, courage and responsibility" made great contributions to the establishment of the Ming Dynasty. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was named a teacher, the right prime minister in Zhongshu, and later named Duke Wei. His eldest daughter was Princess Yan, two were Princess Dai and three were An Gongzhu. Despite his hard work and prominent position, Xu Da remained modest and never took credit. Every time, I "came back after my success, stamped my seal and stood by at home without any pity" (Record of Ming Taizu 17 1). What is particularly commendable is that Xu Da can get rid of the fetters of local concepts, not form a clique with fellow villagers, and not be involved in the dispute between right and wrong of Huaixi Group. Hu, the backbone of Huaixi Group, dismissed Xu Da's great contribution and high prestige, saying that "he wants to do good deeds". Hu also "bribed successful people to live long enough to succeed". Fushou told Xu Da that Xu Da reminded Zhu Yuanzhang from time to time that people like Hu were not suitable to be prime ministers. Later, Hu was killed in rebellion, and Zhu Yuanzhang remembered Xu Da's words, "Benefit is heavy" (Ming History (125, Biography of Xu Da).
Although Xu Da was loyal and cautious to Zhu Yuanzhang, he still failed to exempt Zhu Yuanzhang from his doubts and suspicions. In a lecture, Chen Wenhui once mentioned "Liu Ji and Xu Da's views and speculations" and said, "What's the difference between Xiao He and Han Xin?" (Ming History (Volume 139) Biography of Li Shilu) In the tombstone written for Xu Da, Zhu Yuanzhang also admitted that he had been "evil" because of the so-called "Lunar Number Offender" star astrology ("Xi 'an Volume 5 Yu Xu Gongda Tombstone"). But no matter how suspicious Zhu Yuanzhang was, after all, Xu Da was loyal in politics, neither greedy nor greedy in economy, and did well in life, so there was nothing to grasp, thus avoiding the bad luck of "running dogs cooking". As Zhao Yi said, the so-called story of Zhu Yuanzhang steaming geese and killing Xu Da is "hearsay, nonsense". "At that time, many people were not saved, and the order of reaching the inheritance was only the last thing" (Notes on Twenty-two Histories (Volume 3 1), and Biography of Ming History is more general). Xu Da and Liu Ji were one of the few ministers who were able to win the court in the last years of Hong.
In February of the 18th year of Hongwu, Xu Da died at the age of 54. Zhu Yuanzhang and posthumous title, the King of Zhongshan and posthumous title "Wuning", were buried under the shadow of Zhongshan in Nanjing, and personally wrote a tombstone for him, praising him for "faithfulness, safety, lofty aspirations and bright future". Later, he was ordered to "enjoy the ancestral temple and worship the Gongren Temple, ranking first" (Jin: Wei Guogong Xu Gongda). (Author: Central University for Nationalities)