After the Revolution of 1911, he returned to Chengdu to study in Germany.
/kloc-returned to China in 0/920 and returned to Chongqing via Shanghai.
1in the summer of 922, I visited Germany again, studied the theory of relativity with Professor Louyer at Berlin Technical University, and listened to Einstein directly. At that time, Zhu De was also in Germany and made friends with him.
1924, after he returned to China, he prospered the industry with science and technology. When his ideal of saving the country by industry was shattered, he turned to teaching. He has taught in Jinan University, Nanjing Central University and Chongqing University. He also served as the president of Tongji University in Kunming and Wusong Merchant Marine College in Shanghai.
He has advanced physics and ballistics textbooks, which are very popular with students. Is a prestigious scholar. He finally found the truth by constantly exploring the way to save the country and devoted himself to the truth.
1946 participated in the Kuomintang revolution and engaged in the struggle to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/949, he participated in the establishment of the underground organization of the East Sichuan Branch of the Chinese Revolutionary Committee and determined the working policy of "protecting Sichuan from Chiang Kai-shek and welcoming liberation". Zhou Junshi was arrested on August 20th for spying into the Kuomintang and transferred to Bai Mansion the next day. In prison, the enemy failed to lure him in, tortured him to be unyielding and insisted on integrity. 1October 27th, 165438+ died heroically in Songlinpo, a concentration camp of China-US Institute of Special Technical Cooperation at the foot of Gele Mountain in Chongqing.
After the liberation of Chongqing, the body was collected by the party and the people's government and buried in Liangfengyapo, Nan 'an District, Chongqing according to the opinions of family members.
After liberation, Chairman Zhu De visited Chongqing and asked about Zhou's family. He deeply mourned this patriotic old friend who devoted himself to the people's revolution with his scientific and technological expertise. Zhou Junshi, formerly known as Zhou Liezhong,1892165438+10 was born in Suining, Sichuan on October 8th. 12 years old went to Chongqing to do business with his father and went to Zhengmeng Public School to study. Yang Cangbai, a member with strong patriotic thoughts, taught in this school at that time and was deeply taught by Mr. Yang, who is patriotic and eager to learn. Whenever teachers talk about the Sino-Japanese War, the Boxer Rebellion in Eight-Nation Alliance, the Reform Movement of 1898 and other national events in class, they are filled with indignation.
Zou Rong, a native of Baxian County, was arrested, imprisoned and tortured to death by the Qing government for the book Revolutionary Army. After the bad news reached Chongqing, Shi Jun actively organized patriotic teachers and students of the whole school to hold a publicity meeting to denounce the Qing government and imperialism. He took the lead in preaching on the stage, impassioned and full of grief and indignation, which caused a chorus of cheers from the audience.
1906, Zhou Junshi went to Shanghai with his father. As it happens, the Japanese Ministry of Education issued a regulation prohibiting Qing Dynasty and Korean students from studying in Japan, but the students studying in Japan resisted ineffectively, so they returned to China at the same speed and founded China Public School in Shanghai. Xiong Kewu, Dan Mao Xin, Luo Yuanshu and Shui Xiheng, outstanding figures in Sichuan military and political circles, were all students when the school was founded. Since then, they have had long-term contacts in their work and life.
Later, Zhou Junshi returned to Chengdu to apply for studying abroad and won the first place. In the summer of the same year, I went to Germany and went to Berlin University of Technology for further study. During my stay in Germany, the European War broke out and the living and learning conditions were extremely difficult. However, not only did he never stop studying, but he was deeply impressed by Germany's pragmatic, martial, clear-cut responsibilities and serious social habits. He also deeply realized the historical lesson that the German authorities were belligerent and brought disaster to the people of the country. During his stay in Germany, Zhou Junshi met Zhu De, who was also in Germany, through the introduction of Xiong Kewu, Dan Mao Xin and Lu Chao. Zhu De gave all his belongings to Zhou Junshi for safekeeping and lived with him for a period of time. After the liberation of Chongqing, Zhu De visited Chongqing and asked about the Zhou family. He deeply felt sorry for this patriotic old friend who devoted himself to the people's revolution with his scientific and technological expertise.
1924, Zhou Junshi returned to Shanghai from Germany. He witnessed the "May 30th" massacre in Shanghai, where the workers and the masses fought bravely against the imperialist police, while the comprador Yu Qiaqing and others were willing to be bought by imperialism, colluded with the scabs and conspired to split the workers' movement, and were filled with indignation. After his death in Beijing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen also complained about the open split between the left and right factions in the Kuomintang. Zhou Junshi admired Dr. Sun Yat-sen's scientific democratic thought and revolutionary spirit, and was puzzled by the so-called "authority" of studying Sun Wen Theory and the remarks made by Dai, a right-wing theorist of Kuomintang. Facing the complicated reality, his desire to set up a factory and start a business with science and technology cannot be realized. In order to avoid being directly involved in the whirlpool of political struggle, he decided to get rid of all fetters and devote himself to education, teaching in Jinan University, Nanjing Central University and Chongqing University successively. After the Xi Incident, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to stop the civil war and realize ethnic cooperation. Then the July 7th Incident happened and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way. At this time, Zhou Junshi broke away from the normal state of calm and thoughtful thinking, and often discussed current events with Huang Mohan, Shi Xiheng, Luo and Wu Qi. He was very excited when he heard that China's army had won a great victory in Pingxingguan and Taierzhuang. He saw the number issued by Xinshu Daily on the evening of May 3 1 65438, and our Air Force flew to Japan to distribute leaflets and returned safely, so he found Zhou Qinyue, the general manager of the newspaper, and talked a few words. He believes that since the Opium War, China has never resisted foreign invaders well, let alone actively mobilized the people to carry out the war of resistance, so every time it ended in the victory of the enemy and the failure of our country. This time the whole country is fighting against Japan, and he firmly believes that victory will be won.
During this period, Zhou Junshi put the scientific and technological knowledge he learned in Germany into the industrial development and cultural and educational construction of the motherland, and his desire to change the poverty and backwardness of the motherland's prosperity and strength repeatedly failed, but he never stopped using his own strength to continue to support cultural and educational undertakings and cultivate progressive young people.
From 65438 to 0944, Zhou Junshi and Shui Xiheng joined hands to help the progressive students of Chongqing University to build houses in Panxi, Jiangbei, and set up Shudu Middle School. This school has become the stronghold of China underground party, the fortress of patriotic and democratic movement, and groups of young people have embarked on the revolutionary road.
In the late period of the Anti-Japanese War, the former teachers and students of Shanghai Public School wanted to resume classes in Chongqing and elected Zhou Junshi as the chairman of the school. The China Law Business School founded by Shi Xiheng also appointed Zhou Junshi as the chairman. In his own capacity, he actively funded and reported the revolutionary activities of the underground party in the school.
In recent years, the evolution of state affairs mostly runs counter to the wishes of the broad masses of people, with soaring prices, rampant corruption and deepening people's suffering. Zhou Junshi heard and heard, and hated the Chiang regime's policy of passive anti-Japanese war and active anti-Japanese war. He thought that "Chiang Kai-shek was not really anti-Japanese, but used the anti-Japanese war to satisfy his desire for leadership. Learn nothing, be headstrong, selfish, exclude dissidents, and create personal power. "
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Chiang Kai-shek tore up the armistice agreement negotiated in Chongqing. Flagrantly launch a civil war against the people. By this time, strategist Zhou had firmly stood in the ranks of the democratic movement against dictatorship and civil war.
From 65438 to 0946, he won the support of Chongqing cultural and educational circles and successfully participated in the Senate election of Chongqing Municipal Assembly. He has been a city senator for less than a year. In this position, he has done some useful things for the citizens. At the first Senate meeting, he asked the municipal government to take effective measures to stabilize prices and abolish unreasonable policies and laws with senators with a sense of justice. In February of the same year, based on the crime of rampaging and injuring people witnessed by Chongqing police officer Xian Te, he suggested organizing a "personal freedom protection committee" in time at the meeting, which won the sympathy and support of Hu Ziang and some decent senators. Although the municipal government did not seriously implement it, it also made the kind people with deep grievances dare to speak out against the reactionary forces and uphold justice for the society. For example, Yang Anzhong, director of Hualong Bridge Police Branch, quarreled with others and shot and killed Xiong Shengqu, a pedestrian in the street. Strategist Zhou shouted in the Senate, demanding that the murderer be punished with public anger and forcing Yang Anzhong to dismiss from office. This winter, a fire broke out in Shibanpo. At the meeting of the city council, Zhou urged to raise money for disaster relief and took the lead in donating money. From 65438 to 0946, Zhu Jiahua served as Minister of Education again, and sent Wu Maosun to Shanghai to set up a youth counseling station to accommodate a large number of social youths. In order to facilitate the enrollment of these young people, it was decided to restore Wusong Merchant Marine College and appoint Zhou Junshi as the president. After Zhou Junshi arrived in Shanghai, he restored the teaching order of the school as soon as possible and often participated in the social and political activities of progressive people in Sichuan. After establishing contact with Guo Chuntao sent from Hongkong to Shanghai by China Revolutionary Committee, he joined China Revolutionary Committee and began to fight for overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek's traitorous dictatorship and realizing China's independence, democracy and liberation. /kloc-in the summer of 0/949, he participated in the establishment of the underground organization of the East Sichuan Branch of the Revolutionary Committee in Chongqing and Wang Bai, and returned to Sichuan from Shanghai.
/kloc-in the autumn and winter of 0/948, Yang Jie, head of the People's Federation of Sichuan, Kang, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and the Revolutionary Committee, organized a few heads of democratic parties in Chongqing to hold a "delegation meeting" (inviting them to dinner in turn) to discuss the current situation, exchange views and coordinate actions. Ten participants, including Yang Jie, Xian Ying, Pan Dakui, Huang Mohan, Yan Gongfu, Xu, Huang, Zhou Junshi, Gan Cisen. Later, Li and Zhou Conghua participated once or twice each. This meeting will be held once every two or three weeks or once a month, and it will be held five or six times at a time. Basically, they were held in the apartments of Xian Ying and Huang Mohan, and also in Zhou Junshi's home. At the first meeting, it was recognized that Chiang Kai-shek's defeat on various battlefields in the country had already collapsed, but it was estimated that he would still take the southwest as the rear area, provide troops and food sources, and strengthen his rule in the southwest. Sichuan is the key to the four southwestern provinces. If Chiang Kai-shek can't master Sichuan, he can't stand in the other three provinces. They set "protecting Sichuan from Chiang Kai-shek and welcoming liberation" as their current working policy. Under the guidance of this policy, they established direct contact with, Dan, and others. Liu, Deng Xihou, Pan Wenhua and others took part in the Revolution of 1911 in Sichuan. And had contacts with Liu, Wu Jinhang and Xinzhai. , business representatives.
1in April, 948, the "Forward" run by Chongqing underground party was detected by enemy agents. In August, Huaying Mountain uprising was frustrated, underground party organizations in eastern Sichuan and Chongqing were severely damaged, and enemy spy activities in Chongqing became more rampant. However, Zhou Junshi took advantage of his position in the field of science, technology, culture and education, and took various forms to actively carry out activities without fear of violence. He told a political commentator of a newspaper: "People of insight in the field of culture and education should not be silent, but should stand up and speak to arouse the consciousness of the broad masses. Use various effective methods to break the delusion that the Kuomintang authorities expect American aid and dream of dying. " Soon, the situation became more tense In the name of discussing emergencies, Zhou Junshi invited He Lu, Shi Xiheng and Liu Han to jointly organize a banquet, and invited forty or fifty principals, professors and teachers from Chongqing public and private colleges and universities to Zhou Junshi's home for discussion. About the heads of Ta Kung Pao, Xinmin Daily and the world's three major daily newspapers attended. First of all, He Lu expressed his views on the crux of the evolution of the current situation and the policies of the Jiang regime, and the professor also frankly talked about his views. Then, young teachers voiced their voices one after another, demanding to maintain the safety of the school and the legal freedom of teachers and students, opposing the strong presence of the army in the school, and denouncing the cultural and educational authorities for overcharging tuition fees and suppressing students' extracurricular activities. The scene is very warm. Finally, Zhou Junshi and other people were selected to form a cultural and educational emergency meeting, formulate articles of association, collect members and carry out activities.
Zhou Junshi heard from Zhang Hongyuan, the president of the university, that two progressive students were also followed by special agents. Zhou junshi was very angry: "what's the use of reactionary guys wanting to die like this?" They must cross Taiwan Province. " He also suggested that Zhang Hongyuan send the two students to other places to hide, and the two students finally escaped. 1949 summer, the environment is more sinister. While stepping up the suppression of the student movement in Chongqing, the Kuomintang further extended its spy talons to the military and political circles. At this time, some relatives and friends of Zhou Junshi advised him to take refuge, and some advised him to go to the United States. He replied firmly, "My career is here and I can't leave." Yang Jie wrote a letter from Kunming to Li Youlin, but the news leaked out, and the military system completely grasped the situation in Li Youlin. With the consent of Zhang Qun, Xu Yuanju, the spy chief, arrested Li Youlin, Zhou Junshi and Wang Bai from August 19 to August 2 1 1, and arrested Zhou Conghua in Chengdu on August 2 1 1. /kloc-in September of 0/9, Yang Jie was killed by a Kuomintang spy in Hong Kong.
According to the spy who once watched the preliminary trial of Zhou Junshi after his arrest, Zhou Junshi was temporarily detained in the Second Temporary Prison of the Southwest Chief Executive's Office of the Kuomintang on August 20th after his arrest. He refused to be arraigned, made a scene in the temporary cell, denounced rampant spies, and even rushed to the opposite office to make a phone call, which made the guards in a hurry. The next day, Zhou Junshi was transferred to Baigongguan, the first detention center of China-US Institute of Special Technical Cooperation.
When strategist Zhou was in prison, the enemy failed to lure him in, torturing him to be unyielding and insisting on integrity. According to Zhou, who shared a cell with him, he tried to find books every day, played chess with difficult friends and told them some scientific knowledge. What impressed Zhou most was: "You are a promising young man. However, the wheel of the times is advancing and scientific development is changing with each passing day. Your mind must not be stubborn, otherwise you will not be able to accept new knowledge and will fall behind. "
One afternoon, just after dinner, Zhou and Zhou Junshi talked about the current situation in China. Zhou Junshi asked Juzheng, "What do you think is the reason why China is backward today?" Zhou said: "The biggest reason is the stagnation of China's history, while the stagnation of China's history is caused by absolute monarchy and the ideological rule of murderers for two thousand years." Everyone said, "You're right, exactly. However, there is another important reason, and that is China's writing problem. " He analyzed and said: "There are three conditions for the composition of words, namely tone, language and font. Words are symbols representing language and mood, and mood is particularly important. China's writing is monosyllabic. If you say a word, there will be many homonyms, which will easily make the obedient party misunderstand and be difficult to understand. Words are symbols representing language and mood, and the simpler the symbols, the better, which makes people easy to understand. Chinese characters are too complicated to learn. Due to the development of science and the shortening of time and distance, the relationship between people is getting closer and closer, which inevitably requires a disyllabic language with simple symbols. We should be far-sighted and reform our writing. " Although Zhou Junshi didn't initiate the reform of China's characters, he was still obsessed with the great cause of the country and the nation, which shows his spiritual outlook. Even a few days before the165438+1October 27th massacre, military adviser Zhou remained calm and did not change his normal state.
165438+1On the night of October 27th, Zhou Junshi was taken out of his cell and shot dead in Songlinpo. After the liberation of Chongqing, the body was collected by the party and the people's government and buried in Liangfengya, the south bank of Chongqing, according to the opinions of family members.
Chronology 189 1 February, born in Li Ziyuan (now known as Wenjiajing) in the southern suburb of Suining County, Sichuan Province, 1906 studied at Zhengmeng Public School in Chongqing (teacher Yang Cangbai), 1909 studied at Zhonghua Public School in Shanghai. He was admitted to Shanghai Higher Institute of Technology (predecessor of Shanghai Jiaotong University) and obtained the captain qualification on 19 10. I was studying at the university, (studying in Poland to escape the war)/Kloc-0 returned to China in 1920, married Dong Hongshu, the sister of Dong Hongshi (Sichuan Finance Director), and/Kloc-0 went to Germany to study in the autumn of 1922. He studied relativity under Einstein 1924, returned to China to establish China-Europe Trading Company (Haitong Chinese and Foreign Market) 1927, then worked as a professor at Central University, Jinan University and Chongqing University 1928, applied to teach at Nanjing University 193 1 and returned to Chongqing with his family. He was hired by He Lu as the head of the Physics Department of the School of Science of Chongqing University to teach advanced physics 1934 in the name of visiting Europe. After purchasing military production equipment for Liu Xiang 1936, he returned to Chongqing 1940 was appointed as the president of Tongji University by the Ministry of Education (during which the school moved from Kunming to Sichuan) 1946 joined the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, and was arrested by the Kuomintang on August 20, 2009.1KLOC-0/.