On May 1 day, most students of Peking University learned that the Paris Peace Conference rejected China's request. On the same day, student representatives held an emergency meeting in Peking University Xizhai canteen, and decided to hold an interim meeting of all students in the auditorium of Peking University Law Department on May 3rd.

On the evening of May 3, students from Peking University held a conference, and representatives from normal universities, law and politics majors, high-tech schools and other schools also attended. The student representatives spoke very emotionally and called on everyone to get up and save the country.

Finally, four measures were formulated, including the plan to hold a meeting in Tiananmen Square the next day. These four methods are:

1, unite all walks of life for unity;

2. Electrify the Paris envoy and insist on not signing a peace treaty;

3. Electrified provinces held demonstrations to commemorate national humiliation on May 7th;

4. It is scheduled to gather in Tiananmen Square on May 4th (Sunday) to hold a big academic demonstration.

On the morning of May 4th 10, students from all schools held a meeting to agree on the parade route. At 6:5438+0 pm, more than 3,000 students from 13 universities including Peking University gathered in Tiananmen Square and held a large-scale demonstration.

Slogans such as "fighting for national rights abroad and destroying national thieves at home", "canceling Article 21" and "refusing to sign contracts" were put forward. At the rally, Luo Jialun's "Beijing Academic Declaration" was read out: "China's land can be conquered, but it cannot be abandoned! People in China can kill people without bowing! The country is dead! Compatriots, get up! "

Subsequently, Fu Sinian, the commander in chief, walked at the front of the parade, and the team immediately headed for the embassy district of Dongjiaominxiang. The student representatives asked to meet the ambassadors of four countries. Luo Jialun and Jiang went to the embassies of various countries to send English memos, and all the embassies sent staff to meet them, and they felt the same way. However, because the ambassadors of the three countries were not in the museum on Sunday, students were not allowed to go to the patrol room, and finally they had to go to the front of the US Embassy.

The students shouted "Long live America!" In front of the American embassy. Long live President David! Long live the great Republic of China! Long live the eternal peace of the world. "

After that, the team shouted: "Go and settle accounts with Cao Rulin!" The contradiction then turned to "punishing the national thief at home"-students began to March to the location of Cao Zhai in Zhao Jialou, located at the eastern end of Chang 'an Avenue in Beijing, shouting "Take back the right of Shandong", "Refuse to sign at the Paris Peace Conference", "Abolish Article 21", "boycott Japanese goods", "rather die than surrender", "Fight for national rights outside, punish the national thief inside" and "Give me back Qingdao".

He also demanded that Cao Rulin, Minister of Communications, Lu, Director of the Currency Board, and Minister in Japan be punished. At two o'clock in the afternoon, a large-scale parade arrived at Cao Zhai, and hundreds of military and police officers had blocked the hutong entrance and the team was not allowed to enter. The students explained their purpose to the gendarmerie and said, "We are patriotic students. We have come to talk about state affairs with General Cao, exchange views and ask him to love China.

We students are unarmed. You are from China. Don't you love China? "Military police, release. When the students entered Hu, there was a riot, which beat those who were visiting Cao's house and set fire to Cao's house, which led to the "burning" incident. Subsequently, the military and police suppressed it and arrested 32 student representatives.

Student demonstrations have attracted widespread attention, and people from all walks of life have given attention and support to protest against the arrest of students. At that time, Cai Yuanpei, Zhu Jiahua and other members of the "European and American Alumni Association" (then President Cai Yuanpei) did not hesitate to launch a national industrial and commercial strike, hit the market, and even appealed to government officials. Down to the peasants. The warlord government in Beijing issued a notice banning protests, and President Xu Shichang ordered a crackdown. However, both student groups and social groups support it.

Pro-Japanese and ruling conservatives believed that this incident was the work of Peking University, which advocated ideological and academic freedom, and Cai Yuanpei was forced to resign. The request of professors and students to remain in office was rejected by the cabinet, so all the principals of Beijing special school resigned. Xu Shichang banned students from participating in political gatherings and dismissed Fu Zengxiang, the education chief who sympathized with Cai Yuanpei.

In June 1 1, the student union was established in Shanghai. On June 4th, 65438, Tianjin Student Union was founded. Students and workers from Guangzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Jinan also gave support. On May 19, students from all schools in Beijing announced a general strike at the same time, propagating anti-Japanese and attacking the government, and issued a strike declaration to provincial councils, education associations, trade unions, chambers of commerce, peasant associations, schools and newspapers.

The Japanese minister questioned the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and demanded that student activities be banned. Japanese warships are concentrated in Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hankou, further aggravating the tension. Including Tianjin, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Nanchang, Wuhan, Changsha, Xiamen, Jinan, Kaifeng, Taiyuan and other places, after students from various schools in Beijing went on strike to support the Beijing students' struggle, students from more than 200 cities across the country announced their strikes one after another.

Beijing Trade Union was established. In mid-May, student representatives from Beijing and Tianjin arrived in Shanghai one after another to persuade businessmen to fight against local students.

In June, due to the expansion of students' influence and the propaganda of May 7th Daily and student organizations, student protests were suppressed continuously. On the 2nd, Beijing arrested students for the second time. On Wednesday, thousands of students in Beijing poured into the streets for a large-scale publicity campaign, and more than 400 people were arrested by the military and police. A large number of military and police officers are stationed near the school, which is heavily guarded.

On the 4th, more than 700 students were arrested, which triggered a new round of large-scale protests. 5000 students went to prison voluntarily. More than 1000 female students protested to the presidential palace. The staff sympathized with the students in prison. The government felt that high-handed measures were ineffective and withdrew the military and police that surrounded Peking University. Xu Shichang sent condolences to the students, and the second step of the student activity won.

On June 5th, due to Beijing's arrest of students, Shanghai workers started a large-scale strike in response to the students. Workers from the third, fourth and fifth cotton mills, daily chemical cotton mills, Shanghai cotton mills and Shanghai Commercial Press all went on strike, and more than 20,000 people took part in the strike. On the 6th, 7th and 9th, tram workers, dockers, cleaners and ship sailors in Shanghai also went on strike one after another, with a total number of about 60,000 to 70,000.

Workers' strikes in Shanghai spread all over the country. Workers in Xindian, Jingfeng Railway and Jiujiang held strike demonstrations.

On the 6th, the Shanghai Federation of all walks of life was established to oppose the opening of the class and the market, and joined other regions to inform Shanghai of its strike proposal. Through the three strikes in Shanghai, 22 provinces1more than 50 cities in China have reflected it to varying degrees. On June 1 1, Chen Duxiu and others went to the downtown area outside Qianmen, Beijing to distribute the Declaration of Beijing Citizens, stating that if the government did not accept the demands of the citizens, "we, students, businessmen, laborers, soldiers, etc., could only take direct actions to fundamentally reform".

Chen Duxiu was arrested for this. Student groups and celebrities from all over the country have sent electricity to protest against the government's atrocities. In the face of strong public pressure, Cao, Lu and Zhang were dismissed one after another, and President Xu Shichang resigned voluntarily. /kloc-After June of 0/2, workers returned to work one after another and students went on strike. On June 28th, China did not sign a peace treaty on behalf of Gu Weijun and other countries.

Extended data:

Main influence

The May 4th Movement is a patriotic movement of China students in form, but its influence is far more than that in terms of the whole social background and social development. It not only affects China's ideological culture, political development direction, socio-economic trend and education, but also plays an important role in the establishment and development of China's * * * production party. At the same time, it also has an impact on China society under the leadership of China's * * * production party.

The May 4th Patriotic Movement was a patriotic movement that was thoroughly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal, and it was the beginning of China's new democracy. Young students have played a pioneering role; The proletariat of China began to enter the political arena; Spread Marxism.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-May 4th Movement