1, landform
Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve is high in the south and low in the north, with deep valleys and wide height difference. Jiuzhaigou mouth on the northern edge of the area is only 2000 meters above sea level, with peaks in the middle above 4000 meters and south above 4500 meters, and the main ditch is more than 30 kilometers long. The top of the mountain and the peaks on both sides are basically covered with snow all year round.
Jiuzhaigou is located in the transition zone from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the Sichuan Basin, with complex geological background, widespread carbonate rocks, developed folds and faults, strong neotectonic movement, large crustal uplift and various alternating forces, which have created diverse landforms and developed large-scale karst travertine deposits.
Jiuzhaigou is dominated by plant karst travertine deposits, featuring gorgeous and elegant lakes, swift streams, waterfalls with flying pearls and jade splashing, ancient and quiet Lin Mang and rolling snow peaks.
2. Climate
Jiuzhaigou is about 3000 meters above sea level and belongs to the humid climate of plateau. The temperature in Jiuzhaigou varies greatly in spring, and the average temperature is mostly between 9- 18℃. There was frozen soil and residual snow before the weather in April.
In summer, the temperature in Jiuzhai rises rapidly and steadily. Average temperature 19-22℃, prepare thin sweaters when it gets cold at night; The weather in autumn is refreshing and pleasant, and the temperature is mostly at 7- 18℃, with a large temperature difference between day and night, especially in the late autumn after 10.
Frozen soil appears after 10; It is very cold in winter, and the temperature is around 0℃. The annual average temperature of Norilang in the center is 7.3℃. Jiuzhaigou has less rainfall (annual rainfall is less than 600mm) and is concentrated. July-August is a typical rainy season.
3. Hydrology
Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve has 108 alpine lakes, most of which are distributed in groups, with different areas ranging from half an acre to more than a thousand acres. There are so many high mountains and lakes in a ditch that the whole country and even the whole world can't find them.
Jiuzhaigou has many Tianchi lakes, the largest of which is 7 kilometers long. Tianchi Lake is surrounded by dense virgin forest. Jiuzhaigou has 17 waterfall, which is the Nuorilang waterfall in Jiuzhaigou. The largest lake in the reserve is Changhaizi, 7 kilometers to the south.
Second, the historical and cultural background of Jiuzhaigou
Jiuzhaigou was the cutting area of 126 and 127 forest farms in the 1960s.
1960, Chairman Mao issued a call to support remote mountainous areas, so people in plain areas responded to the call and went into Aba Prefecture, Ganzi Prefecture and Liangshan Prefecture to build the third line and develop forests. Jiuzhaigou was hacked for six years, and many meetings were held when the "Cultural Revolution" broke out in 66. At this time, Jiuzhaigou was cut down for 10 years, and the ecology was restored.
In 1970s, a group of logging workers who occasionally invaded discovered this fairyland, and the logging workers were merciless and turned this forest into a national forest park.
1982, the State Council approved Jiuzhaigou as a national scenic spot and a national nature reserve.
1984 The Administration was established, and Jiuzhaigou was officially opened as a scenic spot.
199265438+February 14, Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong were included in the World Natural Heritage List by the 16th General Assembly of the World Natural Heritage Committee of UNESCO in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, and Mayol issued a certificate.
1997 is listed in the world man and biosphere reserve.
In 2000, it was awarded the first batch of AAAA scenic spots in China.
In February, 20001,it won the certificate of "Green Globe 2 1" and became a tourist attraction with three international laurels.
On May 8, 2007, it was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
In 2009, Nuorilang Waterfall with a waterfall width of 320 meters was selected as the widest waterfall in China, world record association, China, and became another top tourist attraction in China.
Jiuzhaigou lived on the post road of the Southern Silk Road in history, and people of all ethnic groups left valuable cultural heritage in the process of inheritance and labor. Known as "the hometown of folk songs, the hometown of pipa, the hometown of love songs" and "the white horse Tibetans". Dance and Nanping Quzi are listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list.
Jiuzhaigou performing arts industry cluster was named as the national cultural industry demonstration base by the Ministry of Culture. In 2008, the large-scale musical "Tibetan fans" officially entered Jiuzhaigou Tibetan fans grand theatre and performed at the designated place.
Third, Jiuzhaigou natural scenery background
1, Panda Sea Waterfall
Jiuzhaigou Panda Sea Waterfall is 80 meters high and is famous for its high altitude. It is the waterfall with the largest drop in Jiuzhaigou Waterfall. Panda Sea Waterfall is a seasonal waterfall, which will completely freeze to form an ice waterfall after it is cut off in winter, with unique scenery. Appreciate the surging torrent, the water moves quietly, and the contrast is strong.
Panda Sea Waterfall is a third-class waterfall, which is extremely spectacular. Snow-white water runs down and pours out, causing high spray on the edge of the plank road. When you see the beautiful waterfalls rushing down from the terraced dam, the banks are mixed with green plants, and suddenly there is a feeling of one day in the mountains and one year on earth.
Looking down from the top of the waterfall is like standing in the sky and clouds. This falling ravine is integrated into a powerful torrent, roaring along the river at the bottom of the valley, with great momentum, such as Ma Benteng. There is a downward plank road with a relatively gentle slope under the ladder, which is built along the rapids. People walk on the quiet plank road, enjoying the rainbow-like rapids, the mountains are moving, the water is still, and the contrast is strong.
The plank road is dotted with pavilions for sightseeing and rest, and the buildings of pavilions have the charm of mountains and rivers. From here, you enter a secluded forest and go all the way to the mouth of the five seas, which is called the secluded forest plank road. Listening to the gurgling sound of running water, walking along the jungle plank road. The scenery of waterfalls always attracts tourists to stop and admire and take pictures.
2. Changhai
Changhai is the longest sea in Jiuzhaigou, more than four kilometers long, dark blue and S-shaped. There are dense trees on the shore, and at first glance, the water surface is like a mirror, and the towering snow peaks are bathed in blue sky and white clouds, which is spectacular and wonderful.
Changhai is 3060 meters above sea level, with the highest point of 4457 meters and a length of about 5 kilometers. There is no water outlet around the long sea, and the water source comes from the melting snow on the mountain. Strangely, the long sea never dries up, nor does it overflow the bank, so Tibetans call it a treasure gourd that "can't be filled enough."
The sea is deep blue and surrounded by green hills. The opposite mountain peak is covered with white armor in early autumn, and an ice peak in the middle is cold. In the dead of winter, the ice layer in the long sea is 60 cm thick, and trucks can run on it. Changhai can also be regarded as the mother of all Haizi in Jiuzhaigou.
3. Jinghai
Jinghai is one of the famous scenic spots in Jiuzhaigou, which is as flat as a mirror, hence the name. Whenever the morning dawns or the morning glow is all over the sky, the blue sky, white clouds, distant mountains and trees are all under the sea, with clear lines and bright colors.
The sea of tranquility is near the lower reaches of the empty valley. The lake is long and narrow, about one kilometer long and surrounded by trees. The mountain on the other side looks like a huge stone screen. On the right is the lower reaches of Jinghai, adjacent to the Nuorilang Group Sea; On the left is the upper reaches of Jinghai, which is connected with Jinghai Valley. There are three wonders in the mirror sea: when there is no wind on a sunny day, the water surface is like a mirror, and the scenery can be copied into the water without distortion, so you can see it in detail.
When the summer drizzle is lightly sprinkled, water waves appear slightly on the water surface, and a white hose as soft as a filament can be seen along the lake. There are no raindrops on it, it is smooth and bright, and the outside is sparkling, which makes people feel confused.
In the sea of tranquility, there are many giant trees 20 ~ 30 meters long floating and sinking in the water. The tops of the two giant trees are half exposed, which actually breeds shrubs and ferns. They are gracefully placed in the middle of the lake like bonsai. Swimming in the silent mirror sea at the foot of the mountain is another taste.
4. Colored stones
Colorful pond is the smallest sea in Jiuzhaigou, but it has the richest colors. Different angles and positions have different colors, which is quite magical under the sunlight.
Cai Wuchi is located in the southern section of Zechawa gully in Jiuzhaigou Y-shaped gully, north of Changhai, and is famous for its beauty, color, purity and transparency. It is the smallest and most magnificent pool in Jiuzhaigou.
The water in the color pool comes from the high sea, and the water in the pool is not frozen all year round. There are aquatic plant communities such as Spirogyra, Charophyta and Pteris, as well as herbs such as reeds, festivals and wicks.
These plants contain different shades of chlorophyll. In the lake rich in calcium carbonate, they show different colors, making the upper part of the colorful pool water blue, the lower part orange-red, sky blue on the left and olive green on the right.
The water in the color pool is clear and transparent. Through the water surface, you can clearly see the lines of the rocks at the bottom of the pool, and under the sunlight, they shine with colorful light.
5. Rizegou
Rizegou landscape is 18km long, which is located between Nuorilang and virgin forest. It is the essence of Jiuzhaigou landscape, beautiful and changeable, and also the climax of Jiuzhaigou landscape.
Here, some Haizi are colorful, such as an unpredictable kaleidoscope; Some are primitive and natural, such as entering a fairyland; Some are deep and quiet, like a beautiful mirror, and there are waterfalls, cornucopia-like beach flows with the biggest drop, ancient trees and towering virgin forests. All the scenic spots are arranged in an orderly way, and the heights are scattered and natural, giving people a strong sense of beauty and making people feel excited.
There are many scenic spots in Rizegou, including Jinghai, Pearl Beach Waterfall, Pearl Beach, Jinling Sea, Peacock River, Wuhuahai, Gaowaterfall, Panda Sea, Arrow Bamboo Sea, Swan Sea and Caohai.
Extended data:
Jiuzhaigou is located in Nanping County, Aba Prefecture in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, 450 kilometers south of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province. It was named after nine Tibetan villages in the ditch, including Pan Xin, Pengbu, Guwa, Panyazechawa, Heijiao Village, Shuzheng, Ye He and Zharu.
Jiuzhaigou is famous for its unique primitive and mysterious atmosphere. Legend has it that a long time ago, the brave mountain god Dago fell in love with the beautiful goddess Womo Semo, and Dago used the wind and cloud to grind it into a precious mirror and gave it to Semo. The goat accidentally smashed the precious mirror into 108 and turned it into 108 Haizi (plateau lake), thus becoming the most beautiful 108 landscape in Jiuzhaigou.
Snow peaks stand here, green mountains and flowing waters complement each other, and waterfalls and streams here are even more attractive, such as flying pearls and jade, which are extremely magnificent.
Jiuzhaigou has a total area of about 620 square kilometers. 52% of them are wooded virgin forests.
Natural scenery has the beauty of lakes, waterfalls, snow-capped mountains and forests, and has the reputation of "fairy tale world".
According to experts' investigation, this kind of alpine lake was formed during the neotectonic movement of the earth, with rapid changes in the crust, unbalanced uplift of mountains and river erosion. There are four categories: glacier erosion, karst depression dammed lake, debris flow dammed lake, landslide and collapse dammed lake.
There are thousand-year-old trees on the four banks, exotic flowers and different grasses, four seasons change, colorful reflections and colorful weather. One of the largest long seas, 7 kilometers long and 3,000 meters above sea level, is as clear as blue. It can skate in winter and sail in summer.
The nearby Wuhai Sea Lake is a veritable colorful lake, because there are various pigments, minerals, dead leaves, algae and other sediments at the bottom of the lake, which are refracted by sunlight and become colorful. ?
The most famous scenic spots are Jianxuan Spring, Fangcaohai, Swan Lake, Arrow Bamboo Sea, Panda Sea, Gaowaterfall, Wuhuahai, Pearl Beach Waterfall, Jinghai, Nuorilang Waterfall, Rhinoceros Lake, Shuzheng Waterfall, Shuzheng Qunhai, Wolong Sea, Huohuahai, Reed Sea, Jing Ling Beach, Changhai, Wucaichi, Upper and Lower Seasons Sea, etc.
On the charming spring day, many scenic spots in Jiuzhaigou are colorful; In hot summer, the shade is green; Intoxicating autumn, colorful; In the cold winter, the scenery is pure and beautiful. It can be said that the four seasons are distinct and have their own advantages, among which autumn is the most charming.
Haizi, 108 Tibetan plateau lakes in the depths of the forest, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the water is clear every time. Against the colorful Lin Qiu, underwater colorful stones and floating white clouds in the sky, it is dreamlike and intoxicating.
Fireworks Sea, Color Pool and other scenic spots are fantastic because the lake is clear and the crystal stone at the bottom of the lake refracts sunlight. As if entering a fairy tale world, the water on the Pearl Beach is sparkling, like flying pearls and broken jade.
Nuorilang Waterfall is more than 0/00 meters wide/kloc-,flying down from a 30-meter-high stone cliff, with bright colors and a natural, pure, beautiful and elegant charm.
Jiuzhaigou has more than 20,000 hectares of forests, which are densely distributed vertically on the mountains ranging from 2,000 meters to 4,000 meters. The main varieties are Korean pine, spruce, fir, Betula alnoides, Primula, Cercidiphyllum, etc. In the virgin forest here, there are precious animals such as giant panda, white-lipped deer, Sumen antelope, pronghorn, crested deer and golden cat.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Jiuzhaigou