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This part of the extended materials mainly examines the knowledge points of physical mechanics:

Physical mechanics mainly studies equilibrium phenomena, such as equations of state of gas, liquid and solid, various thermodynamic equilibrium properties, chemical equilibrium and so on. For this kind of problems, physical mechanics mainly depends on statistical mechanics.

The study of non-equilibrium phenomena in physical mechanics includes four aspects: the process of approaching equilibrium, such as the study of various chemical reactions and relaxation phenomena; Small and stable non-equilibrium processes that deviate from the equilibrium state, such as diffusion, viscosity and thermal radiation of substances; Stay away from the equilibrium problem and study all kinds of energy dissipation processes encountered in open systems; A sudden change process, such as phase transition, that occurs in equilibrium and non-equilibrium States. To solve these problems, we must rely on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and irreversible process thermodynamics theory.

At present, the research work of physical mechanics mainly focuses on three aspects: the properties of high-temperature gas, the study of thermodynamic equilibrium properties (including equation of state), transport properties, radiation properties and relaxation phenomena related to various dynamic processes of high-temperature gas; Dense fluid properties, mainly studying the thermodynamic equilibrium properties (including equation of state), transport properties and phase change behavior of high-pressure gas and various liquids; The properties of solid materials, the elasticity, plasticity, strength and constitutive relation of materials are studied by microscopic theory.